AI ASSISTANT

Ask DrugCentral

Explore drug properties, targets, and indications with answers grounded in DrugCentral.

Your question

Ask in your own words. Each question is answered independently.

Explore sample questions

Select a question to fill the editor, then ask it or make it your own.

DrugCentral answer

Your answer will appear here. Open linked drug cards in a new tab to explore the source details.

AI can make mistakes. Verify answers against the original sources before relying on them.

Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definition	Drug id	CAS RN
local anaesthetics	323	94-09-7

Description:

Molecule	Description
Molfile Inchi Smiles Synonyms: benzocaine norcaine 4-Carbethoxyaniline benzocaine hydrobromide benzocaine hydrochloride benzocaine HCl benzocaine methanesulfonate ethyl aminobenzoate parathesin americaine benzocaine formate	A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS. Molecular weight: 165.19 Formula: C9H11NO2 CLOGP: 1.92 LIPINSKI: 0 HAC: 3 HDO: 1 TPSA: 52.32 ALOGS: -1.76 ROTB: 3

Molecule

Description

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

benzocaine
norcaine
4-Carbethoxyaniline
benzocaine hydrobromide
benzocaine hydrochloride
benzocaine HCl
benzocaine methanesulfonate
ethyl aminobenzoate
parathesin
americaine
benzocaine formate

A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.

Molecular weight: 165.19
Formula: C9H11NO2
CLOGP: 1.92
LIPINSKI: 0
HAC: 3
HDO: 1
TPSA: 52.32
ALOGS: -1.76
ROTB: 3

Drug dosage:

None

ADMET properties:

None

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

Property	Description	Value	Unit	Confidence	Similarity
azlogd74	LogD at pH 7.4	1.605		High	1
caco2-efflux	Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB)	0.240		High	1
caco2-intrinsic-papp	Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability	66.988	10^-6 cm/s	High	1
dh-clint	Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	280.543	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
dppb	Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound)	54.590	%	High	1
fcs-ppb	Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound)	47.350	%	High	1
herg	hERG pIC50	3.995	pIC50	High	1
hh-clint	Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	746.449	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
hlm-clint	Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance	189.234	uL/min/mg protein	High	1
hppb	Human plasma protein binding (% unbound)	34.630	%	High	1
kinase-safety-class	ACVR2A,ACVR2B,AKT2,AKT3,ALK,AURKA,AURKB,AXL,BRAF,BTK,CAMK2B,CAMK2D,CDK5,CDK9,CHEK1,DDR1,DYRK1B,EIF2AK3,EPHB4,ERBB2,FLT3,GRK2,GRK3,GSK3B,ITK,JAK1,JAK2,MAP2K6,MAP3K1,MAP3K21,MAP3K7,MAPK1,MAPK10,MAPK12,MAPK7,MAPK9,MARK4,MET,MTOR,NTRK2,PAK4,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,PDPK1,PIK3CB,PIM2,PRKCD,PRKDC,SGK1,SIK2,SIK3,STK33,SYK,TEK,TTK,ULK1	57
kinase-selectivity-class	ACVR2A,AURKA,AXL,DDR1,DYRK1B,GRK2,MAP2K6,MAPK7,MARK4,SIK2,STK33,TEK,TTK	13
mdck-mdr1-efflux	MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio	0.716		High	1
mh-clint	Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	696.627		High	1
mppb	Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound)	54.880		High	1
nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux	NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio	0.376		High	1
pfas-class	PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False)	0
pppb	Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound)	47.640	%	High	1
rh-clint	Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	263.633	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
rh-fuinc	Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation	97.080	%	High	1
rppb	Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound)	49.650	%	High	1
solubility-dd	Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO	105.925	uM	High	1

Approvals:

Date	Agency	Company	Orphan
None	FDA

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Folliculitis	808.46	49.96	1253	136503	203100	90287591
Irritable bowel syndrome	808.20	49.96	1263	136493	206185	90284506
Helicobacter infection	742.91	49.96	1277	136479	225573	90265118
Muscle injury	723.62	49.96	1101	136655	175553	90315138
Injury	721.08	49.96	1167	136589	196182	90294509
Ill-defined disorder	710.73	49.96	1119	136637	183772	90306919
Impaired healing	700.49	49.96	1267	136489	232932	90257759
Duodenal ulcer perforation	642.48	49.96	1182	136574	220106	90270585
Rheumatic fever	622.22	49.96	951	136805	152170	90338521
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	599.24	49.96	1093	136663	202151	90288540
Pericarditis	563.69	49.96	1258	136498	268893	90221798
Joint range of motion decreased	563.13	49.96	851	136905	134792	90355899
Sleep disorder	557.42	49.96	1044	136712	196986	90293705
Hand deformity	543.72	49.96	1312	136444	295050	90195641
Sleep disorder due to general medical condition, insomnia type	488.79	49.96	775	136981	127919	90362772
Glossodynia	484.13	49.96	1322	136434	320457	90170234
Cough	482.00	49.96	18	137738	368944	90121747
Swollen joint count increased	474.76	49.96	707	137049	110499	90380192
Pemphigus	459.32	49.96	1310	136446	325554	90165137
Wound	451.95	49.96	1241	136515	301739	90188952
Blister	443.16	49.96	1106	136650	253892	90236799
Lower respiratory tract infection	441.73	49.96	1093	136663	249566	90241125
Liver injury	441.46	49.96	868	136888	169699	90320992
Hypercholesterolaemia	437.21	49.96	646	137110	100246	90390445
Fibromyalgia	436.09	49.96	966	136790	205303	90285388
C-reactive protein abnormal	433.28	49.96	730	137026	126699	90363992
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive	430.45	49.96	1044	136712	235389	90255302
Anaemia	426.53	49.96	28	137728	352774	90137917
Psoriatic arthropathy	423.99	49.96	1016	136740	227319	90263372
Product dose omission issue	421.24	49.96	4	137752	291683	90199008
Acute kidney injury	420.60	49.96	15	137741	320372	90170319
Facet joint syndrome	416.33	49.96	623	137133	97766	90392925
Dislocation of vertebra	415.53	49.96	468	137288	55500	90435191
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood	413.60	49.96	470	137286	56283	90434408
Rheumatoid factor positive	406.63	49.96	842	136914	170808	90319883
Lip dry	401.37	49.96	621	137135	100334	90390357
Lupus vulgaris	389.02	49.96	408	137348	44651	90446040
Grip strength decreased	385.70	49.96	582	137174	91994	90398697
Stomatitis	380.90	49.96	1096	136660	273602	90217089
Wound infection	375.64	49.96	620	137136	105782	90384909
Hypotension	367.68	49.96	35	137721	325362	90165329
Urinary tract infection	367.21	49.96	25	137731	305607	90185084
Synovitis	351.51	49.96	1201	136555	328551	90162140
Deep vein thrombosis postoperative	348.78	49.96	482	137274	70327	90420364
Systemic lupus erythematosus	346.27	49.96	1272	136484	360624	90130067
Constipation	345.62	49.96	20	137736	280375	90210316
Blood cholesterol increased	334.01	49.96	876	136880	207136	90283555
Hepatic enzyme increased	331.83	49.96	1252	136504	359484	90131207
Discomfort	330.71	49.96	1042	136714	273293	90217398
Drug interaction	328.08	49.96	24	137732	276429	90214262
Road traffic accident	327.22	49.96	587	137169	107039	90383652
Breast cancer stage III	321.09	49.96	509	137247	83938	90406753
Pulmonary fibrosis	302.42	49.96	567	137189	106936	90383755
Gait inability	298.23	49.96	676	137080	145780	90344911
Neutropenia	296.94	49.96	10	137746	224894	90265797
Mobility decreased	295.41	49.96	945	136811	249789	90240902
Drug ineffective	293.08	49.96	1102	136654	1383196	89107495
X-ray abnormal	289.07	49.96	351	137405	45073	90445618
Wheezing	285.65	49.96	903	136853	237177	90253514
Fall	284.38	49.96	192	137564	481618	90009073
Lower limb fracture	280.87	49.96	481	137275	84532	90406159
Gastrointestinal disorder	280.47	49.96	943	136813	255744	90234947
Infection	279.48	49.96	1190	136566	360904	90129787
Dehydration	279.10	49.96	3	137753	194444	90296247
Contusion	274.56	49.96	923	136833	250293	90240398
Autoimmune disorder	273.23	49.96	449	137307	76295	90414396
Liver disorder	273.21	49.96	583	137173	120686	90370005
Back pain	270.03	49.96	74	137682	317101	90173590
Rheumatoid arthritis	267.04	49.96	1175	136581	361439	90129252
Somnolence	263.59	49.96	13	137743	209071	90281620
Infusion related reaction	263.15	49.96	1291	136465	415489	90075202
Arthropathy	260.83	49.96	1175	136581	365067	90125624
Erythema	257.97	49.96	25	137731	229221	90261470
Blood pressure increased	252.72	49.96	11	137745	197206	90293485
Peripheral venous disease	247.76	49.96	452	137304	83469	90407222
Confusional state	244.96	49.96	1198	136558	385007	90105684
Retinitis	236.33	49.96	292	137464	38166	90452525
Oedema	235.89	49.96	755	137001	199540	90291151
Injection site pain	228.29	49.96	8	137748	173691	90317000
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody	226.95	49.96	242	137514	26979	90463712
General physical health deterioration	225.46	49.96	1102	136654	354013	90136678
Bursitis	225.16	49.96	568	137188	131086	90359605
Death	224.36	49.96	218	137538	456333	90034358
Walking aid user	223.69	49.96	273	137483	35233	90455458
Sciatica	223.28	49.96	483	137273	100899	90389792
Prescribed overdose	214.87	49.96	465	137291	97160	90393531
Porphyria acute	213.69	49.96	194	137562	17781	90472910
Bone erosion	213.20	49.96	328	137428	52693	90437998
Swelling	213.03	49.96	1223	136533	417835	90072856
Dyspepsia	208.42	49.96	719	137037	197441	90293250
Sepsis	203.90	49.96	19	137737	179795	90310896
Obesity	203.68	49.96	477	137279	105030	90385661
Disease progression	203.10	49.96	8	137748	156607	90334084
Delirium	201.67	49.96	472	137284	103887	90386804
Exostosis	201.54	49.96	320	137436	52814	90437877
Lupus-like syndrome	200.38	49.96	305	137451	48541	90442150
Night sweats	197.10	49.96	533	137223	128233	90362458
Musculoskeletal stiffness	193.73	49.96	928	136828	295604	90195087
Joint swelling	192.85	49.96	1367	136389	501933	89988758
Ulcer haemorrhage	191.72	49.96	218	137538	26103	90464588
Feeling abnormal	191.42	49.96	17	137739	167218	90323473
Amnesia	190.62	49.96	473	137283	108032	90382659
Urticaria	190.26	49.96	959	136797	311775	90178916
COVID-19	188.39	49.96	19	137737	168824	90321867
Musculoskeletal pain	187.64	49.96	630	137126	170621	90320070
Nausea	187.45	49.96	961	136795	1109355	89381336
Febrile neutropenia	187.06	49.96	14	137742	158335	90332356
Palpitations	184.34	49.96	5	137751	136723	90353968
Hypersensitivity	184.19	49.96	1252	136504	453425	90037266
Tremor	182.49	49.96	13	137743	153160	90337531
Laryngitis	182.04	49.96	298	137458	50455	90440236
Inflammation	181.71	49.96	641	137115	177951	90312740
Seizure	178.86	49.96	14	137742	152615	90338076
Myalgia	177.61	49.96	27	137729	175098	90315593
Nasopharyngitis	176.95	49.96	1141	136615	405963	90084728
Atrial fibrillation	176.10	49.96	6	137750	133605	90357086
Renal failure	175.85	49.96	5	137751	131002	90359689
Subcutaneous drug absorption impaired	174.53	49.96	153	137603	13392	90477299
Onychomycosis	174.42	49.96	248	137508	37128	90453563
Chills	173.69	49.96	6	137750	131975	90358716
Haemoglobin decreased	173.67	49.96	21	137735	161935	90328756
Hyperhidrosis	173.30	49.96	8	137748	136297	90354394
Hypoaesthesia	172.82	49.96	937	136819	313273	90177418
Neuropathy peripheral	171.07	49.96	9	137747	136961	90353730
Prescribed underdose	170.43	49.96	362	137394	74657	90416034
Hyponatraemia	169.25	49.96	8	137748	133530	90357161
Lung disorder	169.17	49.96	557	137199	149326	90341365
Cerebrovascular accident	168.50	49.96	4	137752	123529	90367162
Syncope	164.80	49.96	9	137747	132654	90358037
Sinusitis	164.32	49.96	986	136770	342102	90148589
Influenza	162.55	49.96	13	137743	139251	90351440
Weight increased	160.46	49.96	1136	136620	416791	90073900
Onychomadesis	159.48	49.96	266	137490	45732	90444959
Chest discomfort	158.52	49.96	14	137742	138351	90352340
White blood cell count decreased	157.98	49.96	31	137725	167078	90323613
Hepatic cirrhosis	156.32	49.96	316	137440	62937	90427754
Dry mouth	155.16	49.96	622	137134	183437	90307254
Pancytopenia	153.08	49.96	7	137749	120256	90370435
Memory impairment	150.92	49.96	647	137109	196597	90294094
General symptom	148.84	49.96	145	137611	14523	90476168
Hip arthroplasty	148.64	49.96	346	137410	75862	90414829
Methaemoglobinaemia	147.65	49.96	86	137670	3929	90486762
Alanine aminotransferase increased	147.08	49.96	8	137748	118330	90372361
Toxicity to various agents	146.49	49.96	133	137623	287713	90202978
Osteoarthritis	145.13	49.96	636	137120	195094	90295597
Disability	144.45	49.96	238	137518	40507	90450184
Platelet count decreased	143.84	49.96	19	137737	136950	90353741
Oropharyngeal pain	142.50	49.96	8	137748	115179	90375512
Diarrhoea	140.18	49.96	846	136910	938344	89552347
Pulmonary embolism	140.16	49.96	17	137739	130803	90359888
Dysphagia	138.28	49.96	8	137748	112270	90378421
Rash vesicular	134.71	49.96	152	137604	18045	90472646
Renal impairment	134.62	49.96	6	137750	105415	90385276
Peripheral swelling	134.35	49.96	1080	136676	412026	90078665
Heart rate increased	133.28	49.96	10	137746	112892	90377799
Balance disorder	132.95	49.96	3	137753	97077	90393614
Vision blurred	132.42	49.96	9	137747	110284	90380407
Pustular psoriasis	132.29	49.96	152	137604	18404	90472287
Myocardial infarction	132.21	49.96	7	137749	105965	90384726
Migraine	131.64	49.96	606	137150	189786	90300905
Cardiac failure	131.27	49.96	9	137747	109487	90381204
Insomnia	130.56	49.96	911	136845	332563	90158128
Herpes zoster	129.32	49.96	3	137753	94641	90396050
Pleural effusion	129.19	49.96	11	137745	111980	90378711
Hypokalaemia	128.93	49.96	22	137734	131094	90359597
Joint stiffness	128.48	49.96	332	137424	77710	90412981
Aspartate aminotransferase increased	127.80	49.96	7	137749	102930	90387761
Joint dislocation	126.35	49.96	236	137520	44346	90446345
Inappropriate schedule of product administration	125.60	49.96	36	137720	149897	90340794
Blood glucose increased	123.02	49.96	5	137751	95241	90395450
Maternal exposure timing unspecified	122.77	49.96	161	137595	22322	90468369
Loss of consciousness	120.60	49.96	32	137724	140206	90350485
C-reactive protein	119.06	49.96	189	137567	31178	90459513
Foot deformity	118.70	49.96	273	137483	59378	90431313
Grip strength	116.97	49.96	102	137654	8863	90481828
Blood creatinine increased	116.83	49.96	10	137746	101376	90389315
Off label use	116.81	49.96	1093	136663	1101159	89389532
Breast cancer stage II	116.74	49.96	200	137556	35134	90455557
Dry skin	115.89	49.96	4	137752	88069	90402622
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	115.68	49.96	5	137751	90243	90400448
Malignant neoplasm progression	114.21	49.96	14	137742	106856	90383835
Cardiac failure congestive	113.01	49.96	10	137746	98684	90392007
Therapy non-responder	111.99	49.96	458	137298	136246	90354445
Cellulitis	110.99	49.96	7	137749	91330	90399361
Illness	110.47	49.96	3	137753	81966	90408725
Respiratory failure	109.77	49.96	23	137733	118395	90372296
Eye injury	108.20	49.96	107	137649	10913	90479778
Epistaxis	108.18	49.96	5	137751	85120	90405571
Back disorder	107.88	49.96	162	137594	25469	90465222
Flushing	106.88	49.96	7	137749	88484	90402207
Knee arthroplasty	105.58	49.96	322	137434	82860	90407831
Adverse event	103.90	49.96	403	137353	117015	90373676
Myositis	102.26	49.96	153	137603	23975	90466716
Medication error	100.34	49.96	320	137436	84332	90406359
Intentional product use issue	99.69	49.96	617	137139	216275	90274416
Oxygen saturation decreased	99.37	49.96	21	137735	107462	90383229
Therapeutic product effect decreased	99.19	49.96	742	137014	276829	90213862
Septic shock	97.80	49.96	8	137748	84152	90406539
Alopecia	96.87	49.96	1164	136592	493907	89996784
Abdominal discomfort	96.79	49.96	1130	136626	476198	90014493
Ear infection	96.06	49.96	278	137478	69497	90421194
Cataract	95.83	49.96	3	137753	72089	90418602
Rhinorrhoea	95.78	49.96	11	137745	88305	90402386
Wrong technique in product usage process	95.06	49.96	3	137753	71568	90419123
Nasal congestion	94.03	49.96	9	137747	83405	90407286
Contraindicated product administered	93.88	49.96	818	136938	319321	90171370
Nail disorder	93.85	49.96	248	137508	58819	90431872
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged	92.91	49.96	4	137752	72452	90418239
Suicidal ideation	91.75	49.96	5	137751	73850	90416841
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	91.71	49.96	5	137751	73824	90416867
Stress	91.18	49.96	9	137747	81386	90409305
Incorrect dose administered	90.36	49.96	8	137748	78922	90411769
C-reactive protein increased	90.36	49.96	527	137229	180862	90309829
Anaphylactic reaction	89.86	49.96	13	137743	87511	90403180
Hypoglycaemia	89.09	49.96	4	137752	69844	90420847
Vertigo	89.04	49.96	4	137752	69807	90420884
Fatigue	88.90	49.96	1229	136527	1152794	89337897
Haematochezia	87.47	49.96	5	137751	70908	90419783
Live birth	85.65	49.96	290	137466	78817	90411874
Hyperkalaemia	85.30	49.96	3	137753	64961	90425730
Burning sensation	83.07	49.96	3	137753	63449	90427242
Deep vein thrombosis	82.47	49.96	19	137737	91601	90399090
Rash erythematous	82.16	49.96	4	137752	65100	90425591
Dyspnoea exertional	80.96	49.96	8	137748	72280	90418411
Gastrointestinal toxicity	80.38	49.96	85	137671	9382	90481309
Skin exfoliation	80.19	49.96	6	137750	67907	90422784
Dysphonia	79.21	49.96	4	137752	63080	90427611
Thrombocytopenia	78.81	49.96	122	137634	208603	90282088
Angioedema	78.74	49.96	5	137751	64871	90425820
Diabetes mellitus	78.73	49.96	5	137751	64870	90425821
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome	78.03	49.96	7	137749	68329	90422362
Injection site swelling	77.75	49.96	3	137753	59836	90430855
Colitis	77.65	49.96	8	137748	69934	90420757
Neutrophil count decreased	77.34	49.96	9	137747	71523	90419168
Drug-induced liver injury	75.06	49.96	304	137452	90014	90400677
Hypertension	74.80	49.96	1041	136715	456491	90034200
Mucosal inflammation	74.49	49.96	3	137753	57622	90433069
Blood pressure decreased	70.54	49.96	14	137742	74881	90415810
Cardiac arrest	69.97	49.96	36	137720	104899	90385792
Hallucination	69.59	49.96	9	137747	65950	90424741
Productive cough	69.32	49.96	16	137740	77047	90413644
Breast cancer	68.83	49.96	3	137753	53758	90436933
Metabolic acidosis	68.44	49.96	4	137752	55672	90435019
Pulmonary toxicity	68.34	49.96	86	137670	11445	90479246
Blepharospasm	67.90	49.96	212	137544	55233	90435458
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased	67.83	49.96	277	137479	82318	90408373
Eczema	67.52	49.96	3	137753	52867	90437824
Cardiac disorder	67.22	49.96	5	137751	56867	90433824
Dysgeusia	67.07	49.96	3	137753	52557	90438134
Treatment failure	66.70	49.96	731	137025	303197	90187494
Thrombosis	66.31	49.96	15	137741	73236	90417455
Lethargy	65.70	49.96	9	137747	63130	90427561
Depressed level of consciousness	65.69	49.96	15	137741	72769	90417922
Swollen joint count	65.28	49.96	73	137683	8580	90482111
Hypothyroidism	64.75	49.96	4	137752	53123	90437568
Unevaluable event	64.32	49.96	5	137751	54843	90435848
Headache	64.06	49.96	925	136831	861821	89628870
Dysarthria	63.80	49.96	5	137751	54477	90436214
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	63.73	49.96	12	137744	66632	90424059
Swelling face	63.71	49.96	22	137734	81330	90409361
Coma	63.53	49.96	16	137740	72616	90418075
Asthenia	63.03	49.96	514	137242	533237	89957454
Rhabdomyolysis	62.05	49.96	4	137752	51252	90439439
Liver function test increased	61.51	49.96	274	137482	84581	90406110
Suicide attempt	61.50	49.96	19	137737	75380	90415311
Drug tolerance decreased	60.58	49.96	144	137612	31986	90458705
Chronic kidney disease	60.52	49.96	4	137752	50187	90440504
Finger deformity	60.48	49.96	146	137610	32751	90457940
Adverse reaction	60.22	49.96	137	137619	29575	90461116
Ascites	60.03	49.96	3	137753	47737	90442954
International normalised ratio increased	59.41	49.96	3	137753	47313	90443378
Back injury	58.70	49.96	180	137576	46442	90444249
Blood alkaline phosphatase increased	57.48	49.96	4	137752	48075	90442616
Blood potassium decreased	56.97	49.96	4	137752	47723	90442968
Speech disorder	56.89	49.96	3	137753	45582	90445109
Encephalopathy	55.13	49.96	4	137752	46440	90444251
Haemorrhage	53.91	49.96	19	137737	69350	90421341
Sleep disorder due to a general medical condition	53.80	49.96	170	137586	44568	90446123
Seronegative arthritis	53.50	49.96	98	137658	18136	90472555
Agitation	52.79	49.96	18	137738	67080	90423611
Arrhythmia	52.16	49.96	3	137753	42329	90448362
Colitis ulcerative	51.78	49.96	205	137551	60061	90430630
Gastritis	51.32	49.96	3	137753	41750	90448941
Hypoxia	51.07	49.96	23	137733	72376	90418315
Frequent bowel movements	50.81	49.96	196	137560	56739	90433952
Pulmonary oedema	49.99	49.96	16	137740	62064	90428627

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Drug abuse	275.95	20.12	152	3866	104619	42512698
Methaemoglobinaemia	266.25	20.12	69	3949	5705	42611612
Toxicity to various agents	164.37	20.12	150	3868	228986	42388331
Intentional product misuse	146.62	20.12	84	3934	61816	42555501
Serotonin syndrome	106.84	20.12	51	3967	25794	42591523
Completed suicide	86.56	20.12	72	3946	96393	42520924
Respiratory arrest	73.71	20.12	41	3977	28383	42588934
Intentional overdose	51.53	20.12	41	3977	51415	42565902
Hangover	44.73	20.12	12	4006	1126	42616191
Overdose	37.77	20.12	48	3970	105216	42512101
Mydriasis	35.26	20.12	17	4001	8753	42608564
Cardiac arrest	33.28	20.12	46	3972	109274	42508043
Cardio-respiratory arrest	29.81	20.12	32	3986	58604	42558713
Paranoia	22.78	20.12	15	4003	14011	42603306

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Irritable bowel syndrome	775.06	36.65	882	108511	163333	110316573
Ill-defined disorder	761.61	36.65	855	108538	155998	110323908
Folliculitis	756.81	36.65	880	108513	166773	110313133
Helicobacter infection	742.58	36.65	907	108486	180970	110298936
Rheumatic fever	732.41	36.65	746	108647	121833	110358073
Muscle injury	675.74	36.65	763	108630	140044	110339862
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	669.26	36.65	850	108543	176382	110303524
Hand deformity	667.69	36.65	945	108448	217561	110262345
Glossodynia	663.46	36.65	950	108443	221054	110258852
Duodenal ulcer perforation	643.88	36.65	835	108558	176865	110303041
Facet joint syndrome	638.74	36.65	622	108771	96206	110383700
Pemphigus	626.24	36.65	908	108485	213662	110266244
Injury	625.23	36.65	822	108571	176443	110303463
Lip dry	625.06	36.65	624	108769	99459	110380447
Impaired healing	619.10	36.65	863	108530	195854	110284052
Joint range of motion decreased	615.10	36.65	678	108715	121154	110358752
Systemic lupus erythematosus	595.69	36.65	972	108421	253366	110226540
C-reactive protein abnormal	593.84	36.65	686	108707	129009	110350897
Wound	588.83	36.65	925	108468	233512	110246394
Pericarditis	577.46	36.65	884	108509	218230	110261676
Sleep disorder	574.35	36.65	837	108556	197807	110282099
Sleep disorder due to general medical condition, insomnia type	543.79	36.65	594	108799	105049	110374857
Psoriatic arthropathy	528.53	36.65	801	108592	195960	110283946
Fibromyalgia	514.22	36.65	734	108659	170175	110309731
Rheumatoid factor positive	504.09	36.65	636	108757	131004	110348902
Acute kidney injury	482.74	36.65	39	109354	635391	109844515
Swollen joint count increased	481.11	36.65	499	108894	83162	110396744
Synovitis	461.24	36.65	907	108486	273185	110206721
Breast cancer stage III	437.22	36.65	462	108931	78655	110401251
Liver injury	429.07	36.65	630	108763	149783	110330123
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive	426.44	36.65	696	108697	181288	110298618
Lower respiratory tract infection	425.44	36.65	818	108575	242288	110237618
Stomatitis	402.15	36.65	850	108543	269392	110210514
Road traffic accident	400.19	36.65	512	108881	106886	110373020
Blister	400.19	36.65	767	108626	226609	110253297
Peripheral venous disease	400.17	36.65	454	108939	83663	110396243
Bursitis	395.11	36.65	561	108832	129357	110350549
Anaemia	392.96	36.65	42	109351	547044	109932862
Deep vein thrombosis postoperative	383.58	36.65	377	109016	58914	110420992
Rheumatoid arthritis	375.65	36.65	880	108513	298733	110181173
Hypercholesterolaemia	365.42	36.65	450	108943	90387	110389519
Dislocation of vertebra	360.04	36.65	318	109075	43403	110436503
Mobility decreased	358.07	36.65	751	108642	236671	110243235
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood	357.03	36.65	317	109076	43566	110436340
Lower limb fracture	353.86	36.65	404	108989	74944	110404962
Night sweats	351.85	36.65	540	108853	133443	110346463
Lupus vulgaris	350.29	36.65	281	109112	33602	110446304
Grip strength decreased	346.67	36.65	412	108981	79762	110400144
Swelling	345.96	36.65	941	108452	350100	110129806
Wound infection	345.48	36.65	451	108942	96014	110383892
Discomfort	342.39	36.65	695	108698	214012	110265894
Hepatic enzyme increased	342.37	36.65	886	108507	320006	110159900
X-ray abnormal	339.62	36.65	290	109103	37827	110442079
Hypotension	334.14	36.65	58	109335	523791	109956115
Obesity	332.21	36.65	481	108912	112870	110367036
Inflammation	330.32	36.65	644	108749	192594	110287312
Liver disorder	329.04	36.65	541	108852	141702	110338204
Blood cholesterol increased	325.85	36.65	624	108769	184161	110295745
Cough	322.49	36.65	39	109354	461602	110018304
Sciatica	317.00	36.65	423	108970	91976	110387930
Neutropenia	314.60	36.65	13	109380	374607	110105299
Drug interaction	309.05	36.65	60	109333	500123	109979783
Musculoskeletal pain	297.17	36.65	597	108796	182426	110297480
Arthropathy	294.49	36.65	782	108611	286740	110193166
Porphyria acute	291.63	36.65	199	109194	18581	110461325
Autoimmune disorder	288.85	36.65	340	109053	65143	110414763
Dry mouth	285.83	36.65	619	108774	199329	110280577
Product dose omission issue	281.27	36.65	8	109385	321774	110158132
Infusion related reaction	278.16	36.65	919	108474	380243	110099663
Methaemoglobinaemia	274.43	36.65	148	109245	9020	110470886
Gait inability	273.64	36.65	487	108906	135889	110344017
Onychomycosis	268.00	36.65	255	109138	38276	110441630
Lung disorder	266.07	36.65	565	108828	179482	110300424
Wheezing	261.13	36.65	694	108699	254536	110225370
Onychomadesis	259.96	36.65	271	109122	45392	110434514
Constipation	252.85	36.65	29	109364	357757	110122149
Gastrointestinal disorder	251.68	36.65	662	108731	241290	110238616
Urinary tract infection	250.36	36.65	19	109374	326263	110153643
Retinitis	244.19	36.65	224	109169	32103	110447803
Osteoarthritis	243.63	36.65	550	108843	182073	110297833
Pulmonary fibrosis	238.46	36.65	390	109003	101652	110378254
Bone erosion	223.38	36.65	252	109141	46119	110433787
Joint swelling	222.34	36.65	947	108446	441898	110038008
Therapeutic product effect decreased	218.88	36.65	633	108760	243683	110236223
Dehydration	218.09	36.65	15	109378	279496	110200410
Lupus-like syndrome	217.83	36.65	234	109159	40558	110439348
Hypoaesthesia	216.18	36.65	743	108650	313480	110166426
Exostosis	213.33	36.65	245	109148	45711	110434195
Sinusitis	213.31	36.65	712	108681	295976	110183930
Prescribed overdose	210.43	36.65	339	109054	87242	110392664
Contusion	208.44	36.65	604	108789	232757	110247149
Sepsis	206.92	36.65	37	109356	327309	110152597
Contraindicated product administered	206.01	36.65	626	108767	247641	110232265
Alopecia	205.15	36.65	808	108585	363945	110115961
Maternal exposure during pregnancy	203.42	36.65	634	108759	254249	110225657
Febrile neutropenia	201.98	36.65	35	109358	316732	110163174
Hypersensitivity	201.25	36.65	862	108531	403136	110076770
Blood pressure increased	201.18	36.65	14	109379	258359	110221547
Somnolence	200.70	36.65	28	109365	297421	110182485
Disease progression	196.66	36.65	11	109382	244023	110235883
Laryngitis	191.66	36.65	223	109170	42188	110437718
Infection	191.42	36.65	787	108606	361413	110118493
Dyspepsia	190.91	36.65	515	108878	190450	110289456
Death	189.97	36.65	248	109145	698621	109781285
Urticaria	188.78	36.65	718	108675	318139	110161767
Musculoskeletal stiffness	188.37	36.65	657	108736	279165	110200741
Migraine	183.87	36.65	475	108918	171177	110308729
C-reactive protein	183.46	36.65	186	109207	30145	110449761
Maternal exposure timing unspecified	183.35	36.65	158	109235	20855	110459051
Erythema	177.69	36.65	36	109357	291411	110188495
Fall	176.79	36.65	202	109191	603280	109876626
Renal failure	174.31	36.65	13	109380	226561	110253345
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody	173.96	36.65	150	109243	19814	110460092
Nail disorder	172.79	36.65	248	109145	57687	110422219
Live birth	172.46	36.65	273	109120	69211	110410695
Haemoglobin decreased	168.75	36.65	23	109370	248704	110231202
Back pain	168.57	36.65	78	109315	370918	110108988
Memory impairment	168.42	36.65	502	108891	196442	110283464
Ulcer haemorrhage	167.74	36.65	155	109238	22416	110457490
Atrial fibrillation	166.29	36.65	17	109376	229625	110250281
Insomnia	164.81	36.65	750	108643	359840	110120066
Pancytopenia	164.22	36.65	11	109382	209602	110270304
Grip strength	161.55	36.65	105	109288	9036	110470870
Adverse event	160.11	36.65	341	109052	108468	110371438
Abdominal discomfort	158.09	36.65	789	108604	393069	110086837
Hyponatraemia	157.89	36.65	16	109377	217637	110262269
Oedema	157.16	36.65	511	108882	209465	110270441
Nasopharyngitis	156.87	36.65	788	108605	393573	110086333
Myocardial infarction	156.82	36.65	8	109385	192075	110287831
Weight increased	156.15	36.65	823	108570	418821	110061085
Cerebrovascular accident	153.08	36.65	6	109387	181278	110298628
Syncope	151.95	36.65	13	109380	202523	110277383
Renal impairment	150.27	36.65	9	109384	188436	110291470
Pulmonary embolism	149.92	36.65	18	109375	214456	110265450
Seizure	146.43	36.65	22	109371	221163	110258743
Treatment failure	143.70	36.65	599	108794	276635	110203271
COVID-19	141.82	36.65	34	109359	245026	110234880
Prescribed underdose	140.08	36.65	240	109153	64934	110414972
Drug ineffective	139.47	36.65	908	108485	1519632	108960274
Cardiac failure	138.17	36.65	13	109380	187613	110292293
Medication error	136.72	36.65	314	109079	105052	110374854
Amnesia	136.63	36.65	314	109079	105094	110374812
Myalgia	136.51	36.65	27	109366	222354	110257552
Neuropathy peripheral	135.88	36.65	11	109382	179266	110300640
Chills	135.69	36.65	15	109378	190565	110289341
Injection site pain	134.62	36.65	11	109382	177911	110301995
Alanine aminotransferase increased	132.02	36.65	14	109379	183759	110296147
Blepharospasm	131.29	36.65	212	109181	54639	110425267
Blood creatinine increased	131.21	36.65	14	109379	182875	110297031
Confusional state	130.78	36.65	852	108541	467828	110012078
White blood cell count decreased	130.46	36.65	33	109360	229357	110250549
Platelet count decreased	127.54	36.65	35	109358	230408	110249498
Walking aid user	127.16	36.65	140	109253	24935	110454971
Palpitations	125.75	36.65	8	109385	159204	110320702
Respiratory failure	124.35	36.65	30	109363	215302	110264604
Peripheral swelling	122.95	36.65	751	108642	403283	110076623
General physical health deterioration	122.85	36.65	780	108613	424515	110055391
Bradycardia	122.28	36.65	8	109385	155509	110324397
Foot deformity	121.01	36.65	191	109202	48289	110431617
Chest discomfort	120.49	36.65	15	109378	173833	110306073
Pregnancy	120.36	36.65	196	109197	50871	110429035
Tremor	119.11	36.65	27	109366	202205	110277701
Diarrhoea	117.10	36.65	656	108737	1138849	109341057
Influenza	116.20	36.65	15	109378	169086	110310820
Nausea	116.12	36.65	732	108661	1234958	109244948
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	115.40	36.65	14	109379	165504	110314402
Cardiac failure congestive	115.17	36.65	9	109384	150991	110328915
Back injury	114.54	36.65	184	109209	47215	110432691
Hip arthroplasty	114.03	36.65	201	109192	55612	110424294
Feeling abnormal	112.90	36.65	21	109372	180690	110299216
Subcutaneous drug absorption impaired	111.47	36.65	78	109315	7581	110472325
Aspartate aminotransferase increased	110.35	36.65	14	109379	159922	110319984
Blood glucose increased	109.80	36.65	5	109388	132491	110347415
Muscle spasms	109.23	36.65	554	108839	277603	110202303
Delirium	108.65	36.65	337	109056	134688	110345218
Finger deformity	108.10	36.65	148	109245	32944	110446962
Drug intolerance	107.31	36.65	729	108664	405783	110074123
Therapy non-responder	107.17	36.65	371	109022	156936	110322970
Dysphagia	107.07	36.65	13	109380	153587	110326319
Hyperkalaemia	106.72	36.65	7	109386	135789	110344117
Hypokalaemia	106.17	36.65	25	109368	182423	110297483
C-reactive protein increased	106.03	36.65	462	108931	217457	110262449
Adverse reaction	105.31	36.65	138	109255	29456	110450450
Hepatic cirrhosis	104.18	36.65	216	109177	67410	110412496
Pleural effusion	102.13	36.65	25	109368	177684	110302222
Intentional product use issue	101.74	36.65	500	108893	247406	110232500
Septic shock	101.25	36.65	17	109376	157511	110322395
Ear infection	99.74	36.65	203	109190	62529	110417377
Hyperhidrosis	98.96	36.65	31	109362	187267	110292639
Inappropriate schedule of product administration	98.52	36.65	39	109354	203598	110276308
Drug hypersensitivity	97.39	36.65	775	108618	453315	110026591
Drug tolerance decreased	97.34	36.65	128	109265	27412	110452494
Heart rate increased	95.89	36.65	14	109379	143820	110336086
Malignant neoplasm progression	95.68	36.65	27	109366	174540	110305366
Dry skin	92.83	36.65	3	109390	107650	110372256
Off label use	92.74	36.65	994	108399	1499191	108980715
Vision blurred	92.22	36.65	10	109383	129012	110350894
Swollen joint count	91.89	36.65	73	109320	8601	110471305
Loss of consciousness	91.10	36.65	40	109353	196266	110283640
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome	89.84	36.65	20	109373	151690	110328216
Thrombocytopenia	88.40	36.65	130	109263	348755	110131151
Oropharyngeal pain	88.28	36.65	14	109379	135262	110344644
Haematochezia	87.78	36.65	7	109386	115517	110364389
Cellulitis	87.01	36.65	11	109382	126005	110353901
Epistaxis	86.19	36.65	13	109380	130359	110349547
Product label confusion	85.78	36.65	109	109284	22568	110457338
Joint stiffness	84.58	36.65	198	109195	67045	110412861
General symptom	84.33	36.65	70	109323	8776	110471130
Breast cancer stage II	84.28	36.65	119	109274	27256	110452650
Herpes zoster	81.15	36.65	7	109386	108372	110371534
Hypoglycaemia	80.49	36.65	10	109383	116094	110363812
Knee arthroplasty	80.34	36.65	190	109203	64758	110415148
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased	80.01	36.65	213	109180	78089	110401817
Haemorrhage	79.59	36.65	7	109386	106685	110373221
Joint dislocation	78.91	36.65	130	109263	34060	110445846
Frequent bowel movements	78.90	36.65	200	109193	71190	110408716
Colitis ulcerative	78.60	36.65	210	109183	77153	110402753
Rhabdomyolysis	77.36	36.65	13	109380	120388	110359518
Oxygen saturation decreased	76.03	36.65	30	109363	156952	110322954
Lactic acidosis	75.31	36.65	4	109389	92807	110387099
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	74.23	36.65	10	109383	109148	110370758
Taste disorder	74.16	36.65	185	109208	65202	110414704
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged	74.05	36.65	10	109383	108950	110370956
Wrong technique in product usage process	73.35	36.65	3	109390	87345	110392561
International normalised ratio increased	72.80	36.65	3	109390	86769	110393137
Pustular psoriasis	72.53	36.65	78	109315	13527	110466379
Exposure during pregnancy	72.49	36.65	343	109050	167081	110312825
Angioedema	72.04	36.65	7	109386	98493	110381413
Neutrophil count decreased	71.49	36.65	16	109377	120925	110358981
Deep vein thrombosis	70.66	36.65	25	109368	139862	110340044
Suicidal ideation	70.52	36.65	6	109387	93931	110385975
Anaphylactic reaction	69.86	36.65	14	109379	114286	110365620
Vertigo	69.69	36.65	4	109389	86866	110393040
Diabetes mellitus	67.83	36.65	9	109384	99372	110380534
Dyspnoea exertional	67.38	36.65	11	109382	104049	110375857
Paraesthesia	66.51	36.65	485	108908	276036	110203870
Abdominal pain upper	66.33	36.65	580	108813	348531	110131375
Rash vesicular	66.11	36.65	77	109316	14575	110465331
Haematuria	66.05	36.65	4	109389	83001	110396905
Cataract	65.85	36.65	3	109390	79482	110400424
Colitis	65.84	36.65	11	109382	102312	110377594
Disability	64.54	36.65	111	109282	30112	110449794
Stress	64.19	36.65	13	109380	105335	110374571
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	64.11	36.65	12	109381	102826	110377080
Incorrect dose administered	62.71	36.65	13	109380	103628	110376278
Epilepsy	61.95	36.65	229	109164	99980	110379926
Hypertension	61.64	36.65	773	108620	509311	109970595
Flushing	61.62	36.65	14	109379	104722	110375184
Laboratory test abnormal	61.21	36.65	135	109258	43944	110435962
Underdose	60.05	36.65	168	109225	63386	110416520
Chronic kidney disease	59.74	36.65	4	109389	76287	110403619
Thrombosis	59.17	36.65	17	109376	108645	110371261
Sleep disorder due to a general medical condition	58.63	36.65	147	109246	51965	110427941
Injection site reaction	57.99	36.65	207	109186	88863	110391043
Rhinorrhoea	57.90	36.65	15	109378	102651	110377255
Hyperglycaemia	57.37	36.65	8	109385	85082	110394824
Pneumonia	56.75	36.65	574	108819	876140	109603766
Liver function test increased	56.12	36.65	204	109189	88344	110391562
Blood pressure decreased	55.72	36.65	22	109371	115069	110364837
Metabolic acidosis	55.44	36.65	15	109378	99729	110380177
Ascites	55.42	36.65	12	109381	92796	110387110
Hallucination	54.99	36.65	16	109377	101416	110378490
Coma	54.70	36.65	24	109369	117845	110362061
Mucosal inflammation	54.31	36.65	14	109379	96127	110383779
Cardiac disorder	54.29	36.65	6	109387	76274	110403632
Dysarthria	54.22	36.65	9	109384	84112	110395794
Nasal congestion	54.22	36.65	15	109378	98267	110381639
Coeliac disease	54.12	36.65	127	109266	43060	110436846
Dysphonia	53.97	36.65	6	109387	75923	110403983
Dysgeusia	53.84	36.65	4	109389	69981	110409925
Productive cough	53.48	36.65	23	109370	114282	110365624
Arrhythmia	53.46	36.65	4	109389	69571	110410335
Haematocrit decreased	53.17	36.65	3	109390	66114	110413792
Hot flush	53.10	36.65	3	109390	66033	110413873
Back disorder	52.99	36.65	83	109310	20839	110459067
Normal newborn	52.89	36.65	85	109308	21811	110458095
Toxicity to various agents	52.26	36.65	271	109122	480284	109999622
Rash erythematous	52.20	36.65	9	109384	81823	110398083
Product use issue	52.18	36.65	504	108889	311191	110168715
Cerebral haemorrhage	52.09	36.65	3	109390	64965	110414941
Blood alkaline phosphatase increased	51.98	36.65	5	109388	70930	110408976
Encephalopathy	51.52	36.65	9	109384	81046	110398860
Hypothyroidism	51.21	36.65	6	109387	72893	110407013
Lymphadenopathy	51.02	36.65	3	109390	63832	110416074
Skin exfoliation	51.00	36.65	12	109381	87639	110392267
Weight fluctuation	50.83	36.65	84	109309	22061	110457845
Pulmonary oedema	50.81	36.65	18	109375	100641	110379265
Eczema	50.66	36.65	6	109387	72287	110407619
Cholelithiasis	50.63	36.65	3	109390	63419	110416487
Plasma cell myeloma	50.17	36.65	3	109390	62933	110416973
Liver function test abnormal	50.16	36.65	5	109388	68945	110410961
Bone pain	49.33	36.65	4	109389	65129	110414777
Product quality issue	48.92	36.65	178	109215	77121	110402785
Speech disorder	48.89	36.65	3	109390	61566	110418340
Neoplasm progression	48.83	36.65	4	109389	64591	110415315
Drug-induced liver injury	48.37	36.65	241	109152	119826	110360080
Burning sensation	47.87	36.65	6	109387	69206	110410700
Hypomagnesaemia	47.76	36.65	3	109390	60367	110419539
Leukopenia	47.73	36.65	46	109347	148745	110331161
Transaminases increased	47.71	36.65	4	109389	63386	110416520
Fatigue	47.67	36.65	882	108511	1215076	109264830
Dysuria	47.63	36.65	3	109390	60228	110419678
Melaena	47.46	36.65	6	109387	68751	110411155
Depressed level of consciousness	47.34	36.65	26	109367	112252	110367654
Lethargy	46.78	36.65	17	109376	93559	110386347
Jaundice	46.69	36.65	3	109390	59233	110420673
Haematemesis	46.57	36.65	3	109390	59105	110420801
Aphasia	46.47	36.65	3	109390	58994	110420912
Disturbance in attention	46.42	36.65	4	109389	61991	110417915
Agranulocytosis	46.20	36.65	4	109389	61756	110418150
Asthma	46.04	36.65	413	108980	249878	110230028
Haematoma	45.98	36.65	3	109390	58473	110421433
Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased	45.79	36.65	4	109389	61305	110418601
Pneumonitis	45.48	36.65	10	109383	76521	110403385
Cardiogenic shock	44.91	36.65	3	109390	57335	110422571
Cardiac arrest	44.46	36.65	79	109314	196674	110283232
Eye injury	44.07	36.65	46	109347	7709	110472197
Osteoporosis	44.06	36.65	187	109206	86965	110392941
Unevaluable event	43.86	36.65	4	109389	59223	110420683
Sedation	43.72	36.65	8	109385	69675	110410231
Injection site swelling	43.62	36.65	5	109388	61785	110418121
Haemoptysis	43.06	36.65	9	109384	71345	110408561
Feeling hot	42.63	36.65	191	109202	90915	110388991
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	42.62	36.65	14	109379	82081	110397825
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased	42.52	36.65	10	109383	73067	110406839
Disorientation	42.47	36.65	9	109384	70662	110409244
Hypocalcaemia	42.11	36.65	7	109386	65359	110414547
Blood potassium decreased	41.90	36.65	3	109390	54111	110425795
Diverticulitis	41.34	36.65	3	109390	53519	110426387
Hepatic failure	40.81	36.65	9	109384	68730	110411176
Pulmonary hypertension	40.18	36.65	4	109389	55216	110424690
Cytokine release syndrome	40.17	36.65	10	109383	70296	110409610
Eosinophilia	40.13	36.65	5	109388	57931	110421975
Flatulence	40.06	36.65	3	109390	52146	110427760
Blood urea increased	39.94	36.65	4	109389	54953	110424953
Cerebral infarction	39.77	36.65	3	109390	51835	110428071
Pericardial effusion	39.48	36.65	5	109388	57212	110422694
Fungal infection	38.81	36.65	3	109390	50803	110429103
Viral infection	38.27	36.65	4	109389	53135	110426771
Hypoxia	38.20	36.65	43	109350	129472	110350434
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage	38.15	36.65	3	109390	50093	110429813
Agitation	37.38	36.65	34	109359	113017	110366889
Cytomegalovirus infection	36.98	36.65	5	109388	54439	110425467
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	36.84	36.65	5	109388	54279	110425627

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

Source	Code	Description
ATC	C05AD03	CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM VASOPROTECTIVES AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE Local anesthetics
ATC	D04AB04	DERMATOLOGICALS ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC. ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC. Anesthetics for topical use
ATC	N01BA05	NERVOUS SYSTEM ANESTHETICS ANESTHETICS, LOCAL Esters of aminobenzoic acid
ATC	R02AD01	RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THROAT PREPARATIONS THROAT PREPARATIONS Anesthetics, local
FDA CS	M0000728	Allergens
MeSH PA	D000777	Anesthetics
MeSH PA	D000779	Anesthetics, Local
MeSH PA	D002492	Central Nervous System Depressants
MeSH PA	D018689	Sensory System Agents
FDA PE	N0000175629	Increased Histamine Release
FDA PE	N0000184306	Cell-mediated Immunity
FDA EPC	N0000185508	Standardized Chemical Allergen
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35480	analgesic
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:38867	anaesthetic
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:48425	topical anaesthetic
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:50177	dermatologic drug
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:50904	allergen
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:59683	antipruritic drug
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:65023	anti-asthmatic agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:67079	anti-inflammatory agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:74518	anti-obesity agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:77715	nasal decongestant
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:139492	sensitiser
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:747329	lubricant

Related Drugs by ATC class:

C05AD Local anesthetics 6 drugs

cinchocaine lidocaine oxetacaine pramocaine procaine tetracaine

D04AB Anesthetics for topical use 6 drugs

cinchocaine lidocaine oxybuprocaine pramocaine quinisocaine tetracaine

N01BA Esters of aminobenzoic acid 4 drugs

chloroprocaine metabutethamine procaine tetracaine

R02AD Anesthetics, local 4 drugs

ambroxol cocaine dyclonine lidocaine

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

Disease	Relation	SNOMED_ID	DOID
Tinea pedis	indication	6020002	DOID:12403
Cough	indication	49727002
Tinea corporis	indication	84849002
Sore throat symptom	indication	267102003
Skin irritation	indication	367466007
Local anesthesia	indication	386761002
Itching of skin	indication	418363000
Suppression of the Gag Reflex	indication
Tinea Infections	indication
Minor Skin Wound Pain	indication
Mouth Irritation	indication
Prevent Minor Bacterial Skin Infection	indication
Hypocalcemia	off-label use	5291005
Otalgia	off-label use	16001004
Impacted cerumen	off-label use	18070006
Osteoporosis	off-label use	64859006	DOID:11476
Postmenopausal osteoporosis	off-label use	102447009
Indigestion	off-label use	162031009
Renal Osteodystrophy with Hyperphosphatemia	off-label use
Gastritis	contraindication	4556007	DOID:4029
Suicidal thoughts	contraindication	6471006
Alcoholism	contraindication	7200002
Hyperammonemia	contraindication	9360008
Infectious gastroenteritis	contraindication	12463005
Hepatic encephalopathy	contraindication	13920009	DOID:13413
Constipation	contraindication	14760008	DOID:2089
Hypocupremia	contraindication	19577007
Herpes zoster auricularis	contraindication	21954000	DOID:9210
Sarcoidosis	contraindication	31541009	DOID:11335
Dehydration	contraindication	34095006
Depressive disorder	contraindication	35489007
Methemoglobinemia	contraindication	38959009	DOID:10783
Gastrointestinal ulcer	contraindication	40845000
Body fluid retention	contraindication	43498006
Conduction disorder of the heart	contraindication	44808001
Encephalitis	contraindication	45170000	DOID:9588
Disorder of cardiovascular system	contraindication	49601007	DOID:1287
Bleeding hemorrhoids	contraindication	51551000
Vitamin K deficiency	contraindication	52675005	DOID:11249
Nasal polyp	contraindication	52756005
Hepatic failure	contraindication	59927004
Perforation of tympanic membrane	contraindication	60442001
Diarrhea	contraindication	62315008
Blood coagulation disorder	contraindication	64779008	DOID:1247
Poisoning by phenobarbital	contraindication	64921004
Substance abuse	contraindication	66214007
Hypercalcemia	contraindication	66931009	DOID:12678
Hyperparathyroidism	contraindication	66999008	DOID:13543
Incontinence of feces	contraindication	72042002
Hepatic coma	contraindication	72836002	DOID:12550
Diabetes mellitus	contraindication	73211009	DOID:9351
Sleep apnea	contraindication	73430006	DOID:0050847
Factor II deficiency	contraindication	73975000
Appendicitis	contraindication	74400008	DOID:8337
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	contraindication	74474003
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura	contraindication	78129009	DOID:10772
Decreased respiratory function	contraindication	80954004
Herpes simplex	contraindication	88594005	DOID:8566
Kidney disease	contraindication	90708001	DOID:557
Thyrotoxicosis	contraindication	90739004	DOID:7997
Hemophilia	contraindication	90935002
Diaper rash	contraindication	91487003
Disorder of skin	contraindication	95320005	DOID:37
Disorder of mucous membrane	contraindication	95351003
Kidney stone	contraindication	95570007
Anemia due to enzyme deficiency	contraindication	111577008
Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	contraindication	124134002	DOID:2862
Deficiency of cytochrome-b>5< reductase	contraindication	124184009
Open wound	contraindication	125643001
Gastrointestinal obstruction	contraindication	126765001
Seizure disorder	contraindication	128613002
Tuberculosis of ear	contraindication	186269001
Osteolysis	contraindication	203522001
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	contraindication	235595009	DOID:8534
Disease of liver	contraindication	235856003	DOID:409
Disorder of electrolytes	contraindication	237840007
Dyspnea	contraindication	267036007
Anemia	contraindication	271737000	DOID:2355
Eruption of skin	contraindication	271807003	DOID:0050486
Pregnancy, function	contraindication	289908002
Thrombocytopenic disorder	contraindication	302215000	DOID:1588
Neutropenic disorder	contraindication	303011007	DOID:1227
Viral ear infection	contraindication	312137007
Fungal ear infection	contraindication	312148000
Infective otitis media	contraindication	312218008
Cardiovascular event risk	contraindication	395112001
Breastfeeding (mother)	contraindication	413712001
Denuded skin	contraindication	418242004
Porphyria	contraindication	418470004
Fever greater than 100.4 Fahrenheit	contraindication	426000000

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation level	Dissociation constant	Type (acidic/basic)
pKa1	2.5	Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

Target	Class	Pharos	UniProt	Action	Type	Activity value (-log[M])	Bioact source	MoA source
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	Ion channel	P35498	SCN1A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q99250	SCN2A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q9NY46	SCN3A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	Ion channel	P35499	SCN4A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q9UQD0	SCN8A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q15858	SCN9A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q9UI33	SCNBA_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q9Y5Y9	SCNAA_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q01118	SCN7A_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	Ion channel	Q14524	SCN5A_HUMAN	BLOCKER	ED50	3.50	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

External reference:

ID	Source
4018117	VUID
N0000146455	NUI
D00552	KEGG_DRUG
1049105	RXNORM
C0005059	UMLSCUI
CHEBI:116735	CHEBI
CHEMBL278172	ChEMBL_ID
DB01086	DRUGBANK_ID
D001566	MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
2337	PUBCHEM_CID
3953	INN_ID
U3RSY48JW5	UNII
199	MMSL
359	MMSL
4256	MMSL
23239-88-5	SECONDARY_CAS_RN
4018117	VANDF
001366	NDDF
387357002	SNOMEDCT_US
65020006	SNOMEDCT_US
U3RSY48JW5	INXIGHT DRUGS

Pharmaceutical products:

Product	Category	Ingredients	NDC	Form	Quantity	Route	Marketing	Label
Benzocaine 20%	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0121-1077	SOLUTION	200 mg	TOPICAL	OTC Monograph Drug	14 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0220	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0293	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0293	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0293	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0293	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0520	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0520	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0520	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0522	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Liquid	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0569	LIQUID	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Liquid	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0569	LIQUID	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaine	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0610	SPRAY	200 mg	PERIODONTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaine	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0610	SPRAY	200 mg	PERIODONTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0622	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0679	SPRAY	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	11 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0871	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0871	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0871	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0886	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0886	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic Gel	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0886	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0914	SPRAY	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	11 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0920	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0920	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0920	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0998	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	13 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-0998	GEL	200 mg	DENTAL	OTC Monograph Drug	13 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-1016	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections
HurriCaineTopical Anesthetic	HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL	1	0283-1016	GEL	200 mg	ORAL	OTC Monograph Drug	12 sections

Ask DrugCentral

Your question

DrugCentral answer

About Ask DrugCentral

General architecture

Using the assistant

benzocaine 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Description:

Drug dosage:

ADMET properties:

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

Approvals:

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

Pharmacologic Action:

Related Drugs by ATC class:

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

🐶 Veterinary products

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

Bioactivity Summary:

External reference:

Pharmaceutical products: