AI ASSISTANT
Ask DrugCentral
Explore drug properties, targets, and indications with answers grounded in DrugCentral.
Powered by DrugCentral + retrieval-augmented AIYour question
Ask in your own words. Each question is answered independently.
Explore sample questions
Select a question to fill the editor, then ask it or make it your own.
DrugCentral answer
Your answer will appear here. Open linked drug cards in a new tab to explore the source details.
About Ask DrugCentral
Ask DrugCentral helps you explore drug properties, biological targets, and indications using natural language. Sample questions offer starting points, and linked drug cards let you check the underlying records.
General architecture
- Ask a questionThe browser sends your question to the same-origin Django chat API.
- Retrieve and generateThe API forwards the question to the configured DrugCentral retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) service, which returns an AI-generated answer.
- Explore the answerThe app resolves cited drug-card names and displays the answer with links to drug records.
Using the assistant
Each request is independent; previous questions are not sent as conversation history. You can edit a sample before submitting, retry a failed request, or switch back to normal search. Drug links open in a new tab so your question and answer stay available.
Answers may contain mistakes or omit information. Verify details against DrugCentral records and original sources.
AI can make mistakes. Verify answers against the original sources before relying on them.
phenylbutanoic acid 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |
| Stem definition | Drug id | CAS RN |
|---|---|---|
| 24 | 1821-12-1 |
Description:
| Molecule | Description |
|---|---|
|
Synonyms:
|
Approved in combination with taurursodiol, as relyvrio, for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in adults.The mechanism by which relyvrio exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with ALS is unknown.
Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent |
Drug dosage:
| Dose | Unit | Route |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | g | O |
ADMET properties:
| Property | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| BA (Bioavailability) | 78 % | Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H |
Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):
| Property | Description | Value | Unit | Confidence | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| azlogd74 | LogD at pH 7.4 | -0.225 | High | 1 | |
| caco2-efflux | Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB) | 0.315 | High | 1 | |
| caco2-intrinsic-papp | Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability | 155.239 | 10^-6 cm/s | High | 1 |
| dh-clint | Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 9.506 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 1 |
| dppb | Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 9.210 | % | High | 1 |
| fcs-ppb | Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound) | 13.330 | % | High | 1 |
| herg | hERG pIC50 | 4.282 | pIC50 | High | 1 |
| hh-clint | Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 9.016 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 1 |
| hlm-clint | Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance | 3.013 | uL/min/mg protein | High | 1 |
| hppb | Human plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 8.680 | % | High | 1 |
| kinase-safety-class | ACVR2A,ACVR2B,AURKA,AXL,BRAF,BTK,CAMK2B,CAMK2D,CDK5,CDK9,DDR1,DYRK1B,EGFR,EIF2AK3,EPHB4,ERBB2,FLT3,GRK2,GSK3B,ITK,JAK1,JAK2,MAP2K6,MAP3K21,MAP3K7,MAPK12,MAPK7,MAPKAPK2,MTOR,NTRK2,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,PIK3CB,PIK3CG,PIM2,PRKDC,SIK2,SIK3,STK33,SYK,TEK,TGFBR1,TTK,ZAP70 | 45 | |||
| kinase-selectivity-class | AXL,BRAF,EIF2AK3,EPHB4,GRK2,MAP2K6,STK33 | 7 | |||
| mdck-mdr1-efflux | MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio | 1.384 | High | 1 | |
| mh-clint | Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 30.974 | High | 1 | |
| mppb | Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 42.180 | High | 1 | |
| nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux | NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio | 0.166 | High | 1 | |
| pfas-class | PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) | 0 | |||
| pppb | Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 12.710 | % | High | 1 |
| rh-clint | Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 20.045 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 1 |
| rh-fuinc | Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation | 97.210 | % | High | 1 |
| rppb | Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 7.360 | % | High | 1 |
| solubility-dd | Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO | 801.678 | uM | High | 1 |
Approvals:
| Date | Agency | Company | Orphan |
|---|---|---|---|
| April 30, 1996 | FDA | HYPERION THERAPS INC |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperammonaemia | 164.41 | 53.12 | 25 | 167 | 6450 | 90621805 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperammonaemic crisis | 55.57 | 49.24 | 6 | 139 | 57 | 42621133 |
| Hyperammonaemia | 49.61 | 49.24 | 10 | 135 | 7856 | 42613334 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperammonaemia | 148.12 | 50.44 | 26 | 246 | 13706 | 110575321 |
| Hyperammonaemic crisis | 83.93 | 50.44 | 9 | 263 | 113 | 110588914 |
| Ammonia increased | 58.50 | 50.44 | 11 | 261 | 8239 | 110580788 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)
None
Pharmacologic Action:
| Source | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ATC | A16AX03 | ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM OTHER ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PRODUCTS OTHER ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PRODUCTS Various alimentary tract and metabolism products |
| ATC | N07XX19 | NERVOUS SYSTEM OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS Other nervous system drugs |
| MeSH PA | D000970 | Antineoplastic Agents |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:33231 | antitubercular agent |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:35610 | antineoplastic agent |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:50266 | prodrug |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:61115 | EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:64946 | anti-HIV agent |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:68495 | apoptosis inducer |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:63726 | neuroprotective agent |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:71031 | orphan drug |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:176497 | geroprotector |
Related Drugs by ATC class:
A16AX Various alimentary tract and metabolism products 23 drugs
N07XX Other nervous system drugs 23 drugs
Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|
| Disease | Relation | SNOMED_ID | DOID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disorder of the urea cycle metabolism | indication | 36444000 | DOID:9267 |
| Congenital hyperammonemia, type I | indication | 62522004 | |
| Ornithine Carbamyltransferase Deficiency | indication | 80908008 | DOID:9271 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | indication | 86044005 | DOID:332 |
| Citrullinemia | indication | 398680004 | DOID:9273 |
| Deficiency of carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS) | indication | 765329008 | DOID:9280 |
| Hyperammonemia | off-label use | 9360008 | |
| Arginase deficiency | off-label use | 23501004 | DOID:9278 |
| Arginosuccinate Lyase Deficiency | off-label use | 41013004 | DOID:14755 |
| Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency | off-label use | 87827003 | DOID:14753 |
| Kidney disease | contraindication | 90708001 | DOID:557 |
| Disease of liver | contraindication | 235856003 | DOID:409 |
🐶 Veterinary Drug Use
None
🐶 Veterinary products
None
Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0
| Dissociation level | Dissociation constant | Type (acidic/basic) |
|---|---|---|
| pKa1 | 4.65 | acidic |
Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)
| Formulation strength | Trade name | Applicant | Application number | Approval date | Type | Dose form | Route | Patent number | Patent expiration date | Patent use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3GM/PACKET; 1GM/PACKET | RELYVRIO | AMYLYX | N216660 | Sept. 29, 2022 | DISCN | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 10251896 | Dec. 24, 2033 | TREATMENT OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) IN ADULTS |
| 3GM/PACKET; 1GM/PACKET | RELYVRIO | AMYLYX | N216660 | Sept. 29, 2022 | DISCN | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 10857162 | Dec. 24, 2033 | TREATMENT OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) IN ADULTS |
| 3GM/PACKET; 1GM/PACKET | RELYVRIO | AMYLYX | N216660 | Sept. 29, 2022 | DISCN | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 9872865 | Dec. 24, 2033 | TREATMENT OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) IN ADULTS |
| 0.5GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Oct. 10, 2025 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 1GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Oct. 10, 2025 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 2GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Dec. 22, 2022 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 3GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Dec. 22, 2022 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 4GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Dec. 22, 2022 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 5GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Dec. 22, 2022 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 6.67GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Dec. 22, 2022 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
| 6GM/PACKET | OLPRUVA | ACER | N214860 | Dec. 22, 2022 | RX | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | 11202767 | Oct. 17, 2036 | TREATMENT OF A UREA CYCLE DISORDER INVOLVING DEFICIENCIES OF CARBAMYLPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE, ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE, OR ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID SYNTHETASE |
Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)
| Formulation strength | Trade name | Applicant | Application number | Approval date | Type | Dose form | Route | Exclusivity date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3GM/PACKET; 1GM/PACKET | RELYVRIO | AMYLYX | N216660 | Sept. 29, 2022 | DISCN | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | Sept. 29, 2027 | NEW CHEMICAL ENTITY |
| 3GM/PACKET; 1GM/PACKET | RELYVRIO | AMYLYX | N216660 | Sept. 29, 2022 | DISCN | FOR SUSPENSION | ORAL | Sept. 29, 2029 | TREATMENT OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) IN ADULTS |
Bioactivity Summary:
| Target | Class | Pharos | UniProt | Action | Type | Activity value (-log[M]) | Mechanism action | Bioact source | MoA source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aldose reductase | Enzyme | IC50 | 4.02 | CHEMBL | |||||
| Histone deacetylase 2 | Enzyme | IC50 | 4.19 | CHEMBL | |||||
| Histone deacetylase 1 | Enzyme | IC50 | 4.19 | CHEMBL | |||||
| Histone deacetylase 8 | Enzyme | IC50 | 4.03 | CHEMBL |
External reference:
| ID | Source |
|---|---|
| D05868 | KEGG_DRUG |
| 4346-18-3 | SECONDARY_CAS_RN |
| 1716-12-7 | SECONDARY_CAS_RN |
| 1545685 | RXNORM |
| CLT | PDB_CHEM_ID |
| CHEMBL1469 | ChEMBL_ID |
| 4775 | PUBCHEM_CID |
| CHEMBL1746 | ChEMBL_ID |
| C075773 | MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI |
| DB06819 | DRUGBANK_ID |
| C0031465 | UMLSCUI |
| CHEBI:75316 | CHEBI |
| 8480 | IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID |
| R9K49A127H | UNII |
| 11518 | MMSL |
| 205556 | MMSL |
| 361870 | MMSL |
| 5490 | MMSL |
| 66426 | MMSL |
| d04070 | MMSL |
| 4021030 | VANDF |
| C000723627 | MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI |
| 005954 | NDDF |
| 005955 | NDDF |
| 387058003 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 782572002 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 785624003 | SNOMEDCT_US |
Pharmaceutical products:
| Product | Category | Ingredients | NDC | Form | Quantity | Route | Marketing | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Phenylbutyrate | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 49884-006 | POWDER | 0.94 g | ORAL | ANDA | 21 sections |
| Sodium Phenylbutyrate | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 49884-170 | TABLET | 500 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 12 sections |
| sodium phenylbutyrate | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 68462-853 | TABLET | 500 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 20 sections |
| Sodium phenylbutyrate | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 68475-011 | TABLET | 500 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 19 sections |
| Sodium phenylbutyrate | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 70710-2180 | TABLET | 500 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 19 sections |
| PHEBURANE | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 71770-210 | PELLET | 483 mg | ORAL | NDA | 28 sections |
| BUPHENYL | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 75987-060 | TABLET | 500 mg | ORAL | NDA | 22 sections |
| Buphenyl | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 75987-070 | POWDER | 0.94 g | ORAL | NDA | 22 sections |