CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. 18 Fludeoxyglucose is glucose analog that concentrates in cells that rely upon glucose as an energy source, or in cells whose dependence on glucose increases under pathophysiological conditions. Fludeoxyglucose 18 is transported through the cell membrane by facilitative glucose transporter proteins and is phosphorylated within the cell to [F 18]-FDG-6-phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase. Once phosphorylated it cannot exit until it is dephosphorylated by glucose-6-phosphatase. Therefore, within given tissue or pathophysiological process, the retention and clearance of Fludeoxyglucose 18 reflect balance involving glucose transporter, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. Fludeoxyglucose 18 is used to assess glucose metabolism.In comparison to background activity of the specific organ or tissue type, regions of decreased or absent uptake of Fludeoxyglucose 18 reflect the decrease or absence of glucose metabolism. Regions of increased uptake of Fludeoxyglucose 18 reflect greater than normal rates of glucose metabolism.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection is rapidlydistributed to all organs of the body after intravenous administration. Afterbackground clearance of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection, optimal PET imaging isgenerally achieved between 30 to 40 minutes after administration.In cancer, the cells are generally characterizedby enhanced glucose metabolism partially due to (1) an increase in activity ofglucose transporters, (2) an increased rate of phosphorylation activity, (3) areduction of phosphatase activity or, (4) dynamic alteration in the balanceamong all these processes. However, glucose metabolism of cancer as reflectedby Fludeoxyglucose 18 accumulation shows considerable variability. Dependingon tumor type, stage, and location, Fludeoxyglucose 18 accumulation may beincreased, normal, or decreased. Also, inflammatory cells can have the samevariability of uptake of Fludeoxyglucose 18.In the heart, under normal aerobic conditions,the myocardium meets the bulk of its energy requirements by oxidizing freefatty acids. Most of the exogenous glucose taken up by the myocyte is convertedinto glycogen. However, under ischemic conditions, the oxidation of free fattyacids decreases, exogenous glucose becomes the preferred myocardial substrate,glycolysis is stimulated, and glucose taken up by the myocyte is metabolizedimmediately instead of being converted into glycogen. Under these conditions,phosphorylated Fludeoxyglucose 18 accumulates in the myocyte and can bedetected with PET imaging.In the brain, cells normally rely on aerobicmetabolism. In epilepsy, the glucose metabolism varies. Generally, during aseizure, glucose metabolism increases. Interictally, the seizure focus tends tobe hypometabolic.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. Distribution: In four healthy male volunteers, receiving an intravenous administration of 30 seconds in duration, the arterial blood level profile for Fludeoxyglucose 18 decayed triexponentially. The effective half-life ranges of the three phases were 0.2-0.3 minutes, 10-13 minutes with mean and standard deviation (STD) of 12 +- (1) min, and 80-95 minutes with mean and STD of 88 +- (4) min.Plasma protein binding of Fludeoxyglucose 18 has not been studied.Metabolism: Fludeoxyglucose 18 is transported into cells and phosphorylated to [F 18]-FDG-6- phosphate at rate proportional to the rate of glucose utilization within that tissue. [F 18]-FDG-6-phosphate presumably is metabolized to 2-deoxy-2-[F 18]fluoro-6-phospho-D-mannose([F 18]FDM-6-phosphate).Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP may contain several impurities (e.g., 2-deoxy-2-chloro-D-glucose (ClDG)). Biodistribution and metabolism of ClDG are presumed to be similar to Fludeoxyglucose 18 and would be expected to result in intracellular formation of 2-deoxy-2-chloro-6-phospho-D-glucose (ClDG-6-phosphate) and 2-deoxy-2-chloro-6-phospho-D-mannose (ClDM-6-phosphate). The phosphorylated deoxyglucose compounds are dephosphorylated and the resulting compounds (FDG, FDM, ClDG, and ClDM) presumably leave cells by passive diffusion. Fludeoxyglucose 18 and related compounds are cleared from non-cardiac tissues within to 24 hours after administration. Clearance from the cardiac tissue may require more than 96 hours. Fludeoxyglucose 18 that is not involved in glucose metabolism in any tissue is then excreted in the urine.Elimination: Fludeoxyglucose 18 is cleared from most tissues within 24 hours and can be eliminated from the body unchanged in the urine. Within 33 minutes, mean of 3.9% of the administrated radioactive dose was measured in the urine. The amount of radiation exposure of the urinary bladder at two hours post-administration suggests that 20.6% (mean) of the radioactive dose was present in the bladder.Special Populations: The pharmacokinetics of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection have not been studied in renally-impaired, hepatically impaired or pediatric patients. Fludeoxyglucose 18 is eliminated through the renal system. Avoid excessive radiation exposure to this organ system and adjacent tissues.The effects of fasting, varying blood sugar levels, conditions of glucose intolerance, and diabetes mellitus on Fludeoxyglucose 18 distribution in humans have not been ascertained see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. 14.1 Oncology. The efficacy of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USPin positron emission tomography cancer imaging was demonstrated in 16 independent studies. These studies prospectively evaluated the use of Fludeoxyglucose 18 in patients with suspected or known malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, colo-rectal, pancreatic, breast, thyroid, melanoma, Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, and various types of metastatic cancers to lung, liver, bone, and axillary nodes. All these studies had at least 50 patients and used pathology as standard of truth. The Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection doses in the studies ranged from 200 MBq to 740 MBq with median and mean dose of 370 MBq.In the studies, the diagnostic performance of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection varied with the type of cancer, size of cancer, and other clinical conditions. False negative and false positive scans were observed. Negative Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection PET scans do not exclude the diagnosis of cancer. Positive Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection PET scans cannot replace pathology to establish diagnosis of cancer. Non-malignant conditions such as fungal infections, inflammatory processes and benign tumors have patterns of increased glucose metabolism that may give rise to false-positive scans. The efficacy of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection PET imaging in cancer screening was not studied.. 14.2 Cardiology. The efficacy of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injectionfor cardiac use was demonstrated in ten independent, prospective studies ofpatients with coronary artery disease and chronic left ventricular systolicdysfunction who were scheduled to undergo coronary revascularization. Before revascularization, patients underwentPET imaging with Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection (74 370 MBq, - 10 mCi) and perfusionimaging with other diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. Doses of Fludeoxyglucose F18 Injection ranged from 74-370 MBq (2-10 mCi). Segmental, left ventricular, wall-motion assessments of asynergic areasmade before revascularization were compared in blinded manner to assessmentsmade after successful revascularization to identify myocardial segments withfunctional recovery.Left ventricular myocardial segments werepredicted to have reversible loss of systolic function if they showedFludeoxyglucose 18 accumulation and reduced perfusion (i.e., flow-metabolismmismatch). Conversely, myocardial segments were predicted to have irreversibleloss of systolic function if they showed reductions in both Fludeoxyglucose F18 accumulation and perfusion (i.e., matched defects).Findings of flow-metabolism mismatch in amyocardial segment may suggest that successful revascularization will restoremyocardial function in that segment. However, false-positive tests occur regularly, and the decision to havea patient undergo revascularization should not be based on PET findingsalone. Similarly, findings of matcheddefect in myocardial segment may suggest that myocardial function will notrecover in that segment, even if it is successfully revascularized. However, false-negative tests occur regularly,and the decision to recommend against coronary revascularization, or torecommend cardiac transplant, should not be based on PET findings alone. The reversibility of segmental dysfunction aspredicted with Fludeoxyglucose 18 PET imaging depends on successful coronaryrevascularization. Therefore, in patients with low likelihood of successfulrevascularization, the diagnostic usefulness of PET imaging withFludeoxyglucose 18 Injection is more limited.. 14.3 Neurology. In prospective, open label trial,Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection was evaluated in 86 patients with epilepsy. Each patient received dose ofFludeoxyglucose 18 Injection in the range of 185-370 MBq (5-10 mCi). The mean age was 16.4 years (range: months- 58 years; of these, 42 patients were less than 12 years and 16 patients wereless than years old). Patients had known diagnosis of complex partialepilepsy and were under evaluation for surgical treatment of their seizuredisorder. Seizure foci had beenpreviously identified on ictal EEGs and sphenoidal EEGs. Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection PET imagingconfirmed previous diagnostic findings in 16% (14/87) of the patients; in 34%(30/87) of the patients, Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection PET images provided newfindings. In 32% (27/87), imaging withFludeoxyglucose 18 Injection was inconclusive. The impact of these imagingfindings on clinical outcomes is not known.Several other studies comparing imaging withFludeoxyglucose 18 Injection results to subsphenoidal EEG, MRI and/orsurgical findings supported the concept that the degree of hypometabolismcorresponds to areas of confirmed epileptogenic foci. The safety and effectiveness ofFludeoxyglucose 18 Injection to distinguish idiopathic epileptogenic focifrom tumors or other brain lesions that may cause seizures have not beenestablished.

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11 DESCRIPTION. 11.1 Chemical Characteristics. Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP is positron emitting radiopharmaceutical that is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The active ingredient 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose has the molecular formula of C6H11 18FO5 with molecular weight of 181.26, and has the following chemical structure:Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection is provided as ready to use sterile, pyrogen free, clear, colorless citrate buffered solution. Each mL contains between 0.740 to 11.1GBq (20.0-300 mCi) of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose at the EOS, 4.5 mg of sodium chloride in citrate buffer. The pH of the solution is between 4.5 and 7.5. The solution is packaged in multiple-dose glass vial and does not contain any preservative.. image of FDG. 11.2 Physical Characteristics. Fluorine 18 has physical half-life of 109.7 minutes and decays to Oxygen 18 (stable) by positron decay. The principal photons useful for imaging are the dual 511 keV annihilation gamma photons that are produced and emitted simultaneously in opposite directions when the positron interacts with an electron (Table 2).Table 2. Principal Radiation Emission Data for Fluorine 18Radiation/Emission%Per DisintegrationMeanEnergyPositron(+)96.73249.8 keVGamma(+-)193.46511.0 keVProduced by positron annihilationFrom: Kocher, D.C. Radioactive Decay TablesDOE/TIC-I 1026, 89 (1981)The specific gamma ray constant (point sourceair kerma coefficient) for fluorine 18 is 5.7 R/hr/mCi (1.35 10 -6Gy/hr/kBq) at cm. The half-value layer (HVL) for the 511 keV photons is mmlead (Pb). The range of attenuation coefficients for this radionuclide as afunction of lead shield thickness is shown in Table 3. For example, the interpositionof an mm thickness of Pb, with coefficient of attenuation of 0.25, willdecrease the external radiation by 75%.Table 3. Radiation Attenuation of 511 keV Photons by lead (Pb) shieldingShieldthickness (Pb) mmCoefficientof attenuation0 0.00 0.50 0.25 13 0.10 26 0.01 39 0.001 52 0.0001For use in correcting for physical decay of thisradionuclide, the fractions remaining at selected intervals after calibrationare shown in Table 4.Table 4. Physical Decay Chart for Fluorine 18MinutesFraction Remaining0 1.000 15 0.909 30 0.826 60 0.683 110 0.500 220 0.250calibration time.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP emits radiation. Use procedures to minimize radiation exposure. Calculate the final dose from the end of synthesis (EOS) time using proper radioactive decay factors. Assay the final dose in properly calibrated dose calibrator before administration to the patient see Description (11.2)].. Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP emits radiation. Use procedures to minimize radiation exposure. Screen for blood glucose abnormalities. In the oncology and neurology settings, instruct patients to fast for - hours prior to the drugs injection. Consider medical therapy and laboratory testing to assure at least two days of normoglycemia prior to the drugs administration (5.2). In the cardiology setting, administration of glucose-containing food or liquids (e.g., 50 75 grams) prior to the drugs injection facilitates localization of cardiac ischemia (2.3).Aseptically withdraw Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP from its container and administer by intravenous injection (2). The recommended dose:for adults is - 10 mCi (185 370 MBq), in all indicated clinical settings (2.1).for pediatric patients is 2.6 mCi (96.2 MBq) in the neurology setting (2.2).Initiate imaging within 40 minutes following drug injection; acquire static emission images 30 100 minutes from time of injection (2).. In the oncology and neurology settings, instruct patients to fast for - hours prior to the drugs injection. Consider medical therapy and laboratory testing to assure at least two days of normoglycemia prior to the drugs administration (5.2). In the cardiology setting, administration of glucose-containing food or liquids (e.g., 50 75 grams) prior to the drugs injection facilitates localization of cardiac ischemia (2.3).. for adults is - 10 mCi (185 370 MBq), in all indicated clinical settings (2.1).. for pediatric patients is 2.6 mCi (96.2 MBq) in the neurology setting (2.2).. 2.1 Recommended Dose for Adults. Withinthe oncology, cardiology and neurology settings, the recommended dose foradults is - 10 mCi (185 370 MBq) as an intravenous injection.. 2.2 Recommended Dose for Pediatric Patients. Withinthe neurology setting, the recommended dose for pediatric patients is 2.6 mCi,as an intravenous injection. The optimaldose adjustment on the basis of body size or weight has not been determined see Use in Special Populations (8.4)].. 2.3 Patient Preparation. Tominimize the radiation absorbed dose to the bladder, encourage adequatehydration.Encourage the patient to drink water or other fluids (as tolerated) in the 4hours before their PET study. Encourage the patient to void as soon as theimaging study is completed and as often as possible thereafter for at least onehour.Screenpatients for clinically significant blood glucose abnormalities by obtaining ahistory and/or laboratory tests see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Prior to Fludeoxyglucose 18 PET imaging in the oncology and neurologysettings, instruct patient to fast for - hours prior to the drugsinjection.Inthe cardiology setting, administration of glucose-containing food or liquids(e.g., 50 75 grams) prior to Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection facilitateslocalization of cardiac ischemia.. Tominimize the radiation absorbed dose to the bladder, encourage adequatehydration.Encourage the patient to drink water or other fluids (as tolerated) in the 4hours before their PET study. Encourage the patient to void as soon as theimaging study is completed and as often as possible thereafter for at least onehour.. Screenpatients for clinically significant blood glucose abnormalities by obtaining ahistory and/or laboratory tests see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Prior to Fludeoxyglucose 18 PET imaging in the oncology and neurologysettings, instruct patient to fast for - hours prior to the drugsinjection.. Inthe cardiology setting, administration of glucose-containing food or liquids(e.g., 50 75 grams) prior to Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection facilitateslocalization of cardiac ischemia.. 2.4 Radiation Dosimetry. The estimated human absorbed radiation doses (rem/mCi) to newborn (3.4 kg), 1-year old (9.8 kg), 5-year old (19 kg), 10-year old (32 kg), 15-year old (57 kg), and adult (70 kg) from intravenous administration of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection are shown in Table 1. These estimates were calculated based on human data and using the data published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for Fludeoxyglucose 18.The dosimetry data show that there are slight variations in absorbed radiation dose for various organs in each of the age groups. These dissimilarities in absorbed radiation dose are due to developmental age variations (e.g., organ size, location, and overall metabolic rate for each age group). The identified critical organs (in descending order) across all age groups evaluated are the urinary bladder, heart, pancreas, spleen, and lungs.Table 1. Estimated Absorbed Radiation Doses (rem/mCi) After Intravenous Administration of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USPa OrganNewborn(3.4kg)1-year old(9.8kg)5-year old (19kg)10-year old (32kg)15-year old (57kg)Adult(70kg)Bladder wallb 4.31.70.930.600.400.32Heart wall2.41.20.700.440.290.22Pancreas2.20.680.330.250.130.096Spleen2.20.840.460.290.190.14Lungs0.960.380.200.130.0920.064Kidneys0.810.340.190.130.0890.074Ovaries0.800.80.190.110.0580.053Uterus0.790.350.190.120.0760.062LLI wall0.690.280.150.0970.0600.051Liver0.690.310.170.110.0760.058Gallbladder wall0.690.260.140.0930.0590.049Small intestine0.680.290.150.0960.0600.047ULI wall0.670.270.150.0900.0570.046Stomach wall0.650.270.140.0890.0570.047Adrenals0.650.280.150.0950.0610.048Testes0.640.270.140.0850.0520.041Red marrow0.620.260.140.0890.0570.047Thymus0.610.260.140.0860.0560.044Thyroid0.610.260.130.0800.0490.039Muscle0.580.250.130.0780.0490.039Bone surface0.570.240.120.0790.0520.041Breast0.540.220.110.0680.0430.034Skin0.490.200.100.0600.0370.030Brain0.290.130.090.0780.0720.070Other tissues0.590.250.130.0830.0520.042aMIRDOSE software was used to calculate the radiation absorbed dose.bThe dynamic bladder model with uniform voiding frequency of 1.5 hours was used.LLI lower large intestine; ULI upper large intestine. 2.5 Radiation Safety Drug Handling. Use waterproof gloves, effective radiation shielding, and appropriate safety measures when handling Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient, occupational workers, clinical personnel and other persons.Radiopharmaceuticals should be used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.Calculate the final dose from the end of synthesis (EOS) time using proper radioactive decay factors. Assay the final dose in properly calibrated dose calibrator before administration to the patient see Description (11.2)].The dose of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP used in given patient should be minimized consistent with the objectives of the procedure, and the nature of the radiation detection devices employed.. Use waterproof gloves, effective radiation shielding, and appropriate safety measures when handling Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient, occupational workers, clinical personnel and other persons.. Radiopharmaceuticals should be used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.. Calculate the final dose from the end of synthesis (EOS) time using proper radioactive decay factors. Assay the final dose in properly calibrated dose calibrator before administration to the patient see Description (11.2)].. The dose of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP used in given patient should be minimized consistent with the objectives of the procedure, and the nature of the radiation detection devices employed.. 2.6 Drug Preparation and Administration. Calculate the necessary volume to administer based on calibration time and dose.Aseptically withdraw Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP from its container.Inspect Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration, whenever solution and container permit.Do not administer the drug if it contains particulate matter or discoloration; dispose of these unacceptable or unused preparations in safe manner, in compliance with applicable regulations.Use Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection within 12 hours from the EOS.. Calculate the necessary volume to administer based on calibration time and dose.. Aseptically withdraw Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP from its container.. Inspect Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration, whenever solution and container permit.. Do not administer the drug if it contains particulate matter or discoloration; dispose of these unacceptable or unused preparations in safe manner, in compliance with applicable regulations.. Use Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection within 12 hours from the EOS.. 2.7 Imaging Guidelines. Initiateimaging within 40 minutes following Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injectionadministration.Acquirestatic emission images 30 100 minutes from the time of injection.. Initiateimaging within 40 minutes following Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injectionadministration.. Acquirestatic emission images 30 100 minutes from the time of injection.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Fludeoxyglucose F18 Injection USP is indicated for positronemission tomography (PET) imaging in the following settings:. Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection USP is indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the following settings:Oncology: For assessment of abnormal glucose metabolism to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing modalities, or in patients with an existing diagnosis of cancer.Cardiology: For the identification of left ventricular myocardium with residual glucose metabolism and reversible loss of systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, when used together with myocardial perfusion imaging.Neurology: For the identification of regions of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with foci of epileptic seizures (1).. Oncology: For assessment of abnormal glucose metabolism to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing modalities, or in patients with an existing diagnosis of cancer.. Cardiology: For the identification of left ventricular myocardium with residual glucose metabolism and reversible loss of systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, when used together with myocardial perfusion imaging.. Neurology: For the identification of regions of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with foci of epileptic seizures (1).. 1.1 Oncology. For assessment of abnormal glucose metabolism to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing modalities, or in patients with an existing diagnosis of cancer. 1.2 Cardiology. For the identification of left ventricular myocardium with residual glucose metabolism and reversible loss of systolic function inpatients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, when used together withmyocardial perfusion imaging.. 1.3 Neurology. For the identification of regions of abnormalglucose metabolism associated with foci of epileptic seizures.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS. o Lactation: Temporarily discontinue breastfeeding. lactating woman should pump and discard breastmilk for hours after Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection (8.2).o Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established in the oncology and cardiology settings (8.4).. 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryData from published case series and case reports describe Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection crossing the placenta with uptake by the fetus (see Data). All radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to cause fetal harm depending on the fetal stage of development and the magnitude of the radiation dose. However, published studies that describe Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection use in pregnant women have not identified risk of drug-associated major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. If considering Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection administration to pregnant woman, inform the patient about the potential for adverse pregnancy outcomes based on the radiation dose from Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection and the gestational timing of exposure.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In theU.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.DataHuman DataData from published case series and case reports describe Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection crossing the placental barrier and visualization of radioactivity throughout the body of the fetus. The estimated fetal absorbed radiation dose from the maximum labeled dose (370 MBq) of Fludeoxyglucose 18 was 10mGy with first trimester exposure to PET alone and 20mGy with first trimester exposure to PET/CT scan combination. Long-term adverse radiation effects to child exposed to Fludeoyxglucose 18 Injection in utero are unknown. No adverse fetal effects or radiation-related risks have been identified for diagnostic procedures involving less than 50mGy, which represents less than 20mGy fetal doses.. 8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryA published case report and case series show the presence of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection in human milk following administration. There are no data on the effects of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection on the breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. Exposure of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection to breastfed infant can be minimized by temporary discontinuation of breastfeeding (see Clinical Considerations). The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection, any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection or from the underlying maternal condition.Clinical Considerations To decrease radiation exposure to the breastfed infant, advise lactating woman to pump and discard breastmilk and avoid close (breast) contact with the infant for at least hours after the administration of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. The safety and effectiveness of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection in pediatric patients with epilepsy is established on the basis of studies in adult and pediatric patients. In pediatric patients with epilepsy, the recommended dose is 2.6 mCi. The optimal dose adjustment on the basis of body size or weight has not been determined.In the oncology or cardiology settings, the safety and effectiveness of Fludeoxyglucose 18 Injection have not been established in pediatric patients.