PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and IOP lowering effect of BETOPTIC has been demonstrated in pediatric patients in 3 month, multicenter, double-masked, active-controlled trial.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Instill one drop of BETOPTIC in the affected eye(s) twice daily. Shake well before using. BETOPTIC may be used alone or in combination with other IOP lowering medications. Advise patients requiring concomitant topical ophthalmic medications to administer these at least 10 minutes before instilling BETOPTIC S.. Instill one drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily (2).

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Ophthalmic suspension containing 2.5 mg/mL of betaxolol as base (0.25%) in 10 mL and 15 mL bottles.. Ophthalmic suspension: 2.5 mg/mL of betaxolol as base (0.25%) (3).

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. The most frequent adverse reaction is transient ocular discomfort (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-888-669-6682 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.In clinical trials, the most frequent adverse reaction associated with the use of BETOPTIC has been transient ocular discomfort. The following other adverse reactions have been reported in small numbers of patients:Ocular: blurred vision, corneal punctate keratitis, foreign body sensation, photophobia, tearing, itching, dryness of eyes, erythema, inflammation, discharge, ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, and crusty lashes.Systemic Adverse Reactions Include:Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, heart block, and congestive failure.Pulmonary: Pulmonary distress characterized by dyspnea, bronchospasm, thickened bronchial secretions, asthma, and respiratory failure.Central Nervous System: Insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, headaches, depression, lethargy, and increase in signs, and symptoms of myasthenia gravis.Other: Hives, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hair loss and glossitis. Perversions of taste and smell have been reported.In 3-month, double-masked, active-controlled, multicenter study in pediatric patients, the adverse reaction profile of BETOPTIC was comparable to that seen in adult patients.. 6.2 Additional Potential Adverse Reactions Associated With Betaxolol. Additional medical events reported with other formulations of betaxolol include allergic reactions, decreased corneal sensitivity, corneal punctate staining which may appear in dendritic formation, edema, and anisocoria.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. CarcinogenesisIn 2-year carcinogenicity studies, betaxolol HCl demonstrated no carcinogenic effect at doses up to 60 mg/kg/day in mice and 48 mg/kg/day in rats (584 and 934 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis, respectively).MutagenesisIn variety of in vitro and in vivo bacterial and mammalian cell assays, betaxolol HCl was not mutagenic.Impairment of FertilityBetaxolol did not adversely affect fertility or mating performance of male or female rats at doses up to 256 mg/kg/day (4982 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis).

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Betaxolol HCl, cardioselective (beta-1-adrenergic) receptor inhibitor, does not have significant membrane-stabilizing (local anesthetic) activity and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic action. Orally administered beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors reduce cardiac output in healthy subjects and patients with heart disease. In patients with severe impairment of myocardial function, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists may inhibit the sympathetic stimulatory effect necessary to maintain adequate cardiac function.When instilled in the eye, BETOPTIC has the action of reducing elevated IOP, whether or not accompanied by glaucoma. Ophthalmic betaxolol has minimal effect on pulmonary and cardiovascular parameters.Elevated IOP presents major risk factor in glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Betaxolol has the action of reducing elevated as well as normal IOP and the mechanism of ocular hypotensive action appears to be reduction of aqueous production as demonstrated by tonography and aqueous fluorophotometry.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The onset of action with betaxolol can generally be noted within 30 minutes and the maximum effect can usually be detected hours after topical administration. single dose provides 12-hour reduction in IOP. In some patients, the IOP lowering responses to BETOPTIC may require few weeks to stabilize. As with any new medication, careful monitoring of patients is advised.Ophthalmic betaxolol solution at 1% (one drop in each eye) was compared to placebo in crossover study challenging nine patients with reactive airway disease. Betaxolol HCl had no significant effect on pulmonary function as measured by forced expiratory volume in second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and was not significantly different from placebo. The action of isoproterenol, beta stimulant, administered at the end of the study was not inhibited by ophthalmic betaxolol.No evidence of cardiovascular beta-adrenergic blockade during exercise was observed with betaxolol in double-masked, crossover study in 24 normal subjects comparing ophthalmic betaxolol and placebo for effects on blood pressure and heart rate.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. In controlled double-masked studies, the magnitude and duration of the ocular hypotensive effect of BETOPTIC (betaxolol hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) 0.25% and BETOPTIC (betaxolol hydrochloride ophthalmic solution) 0.5% were clinically equivalent.

CLINICAL TRIALS EXPERIENCE SECTION.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.In clinical trials, the most frequent adverse reaction associated with the use of BETOPTIC has been transient ocular discomfort. The following other adverse reactions have been reported in small numbers of patients:Ocular: blurred vision, corneal punctate keratitis, foreign body sensation, photophobia, tearing, itching, dryness of eyes, erythema, inflammation, discharge, ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, and crusty lashes.Systemic Adverse Reactions Include:Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, heart block, and congestive failure.Pulmonary: Pulmonary distress characterized by dyspnea, bronchospasm, thickened bronchial secretions, asthma, and respiratory failure.Central Nervous System: Insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, headaches, depression, lethargy, and increase in signs, and symptoms of myasthenia gravis.Other: Hives, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hair loss and glossitis. Perversions of taste and smell have been reported.In 3-month, double-masked, active-controlled, multicenter study in pediatric patients, the adverse reaction profile of BETOPTIC was comparable to that seen in adult patients.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. BETOPTIC is contraindicated in patients with:sinus bradycardiagreater than first degree atrioventricular (AV) blockcardiogenic shockpatients with overt cardiac failurehypersensitivity to any component of this product. sinus bradycardia. greater than first degree atrioventricular (AV) block. cardiogenic shock. patients with overt cardiac failure. hypersensitivity to any component of this product. Hypersensitivity to any component of this product (4) Sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular (AV) block, overt cardiac failure, and cardiogenic shock (4). Hypersensitivity to any component of this product (4) Sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular (AV) block, overt cardiac failure, and cardiogenic shock (4).

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11 DESCRIPTION. BETOPTIC contains betaxolol hydrochloride, cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor, in sterile resin suspension formulation. Betaxolol hydrochloride is white, crystalline powder, with molecular weight of 343.89 g/mol. The chemical structure is presented below. Empirical Formula: C18H29NO3oHCl Chemical Name:(+-)-1-[p-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy) ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol hydrochloride.Each mL of BETOPTIC contains: Active: betaxolol HCl 2.8 mg equivalent to 2.5 mg of betaxolol base. Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.01%. Inactives: carbomer 934P, edetate disodium, hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide (to adjust pH), mannitol, poly (styrene-divinyl benzene) sulfonic acid, and purified water.BETOPTIC has pH of approximately 7.6 and an osmolality of approximately 290 mOsmol/kg.

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS. Oral beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may have additive effects (7.1)Catecholamine-depleting drugs may have additive effects (7.2)Concomitant adrenergic psychotropic drugs may have additive effects (7.3). Oral beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may have additive effects (7.1). Catecholamine-depleting drugs may have additive effects (7.2). Concomitant adrenergic psychotropic drugs may have additive effects (7.3). 7.1 Oral Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitors. Patients who are receiving beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor orally and BETOPTIC should be observed for potential additive effect either on the IOP or on the known systemic effects of beta blockade.. 7.2 Catecholamine-Depleting Drugs. Close observation of the patient is recommended when beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor is administered to patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine, because of possible additive effects and the production of hypotension and/or bradycardia, which may result in vertigo, syncope, or postural hypotension.. 7.3 Concomitant Adrenergic Psychotropic Drugs. Betaxolol is an adrenergic receptor inhibitor; therefore, caution should be exercised in patients using concomitant adrenergic psychotropic drugs.. 7.4 Calcium Antagonists, Antiarrhythmics and Digitalis The concomitant use of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor with calcium antagonists, antiarrhythmics (including amiodarone) or digitalis may have additive effects resulting in hypotension and/or marked bradycardia.

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.5 Geriatric Use. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. BETOPTIC (betaxolol hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension), 0.25% is supplied as follows: 10 mL and 15 mL in plastic ophthalmic dispensers. Tamper evidence is provided with shrink band around the closure and neck area of the package.10 mLNDC 0065-0246-1015 mLNDC 0065-0246-15Storage and HandlingStore upright at 2C to 25C (36F to 77F).Shake well before using.After opening, BETOPTIC can be used until the expiration date on the bottle.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. BETOPTIC S(R) (betaxolol hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) 0.25% is indicated for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.. BETOPTIC is beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (1). Carton.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Avoiding Contamination of the ProductInstruct patients to avoid allowing the tip of the dispensing container to contact the eye(s) or surrounding structures. Also instruct patients that ocular solutions, if handled improperly, could become contaminated by common bacteria known to cause ocular infections. Serious damage to the eye(s) and subsequent loss of vision may result from using contaminated solutions.Intercurrent Ocular ConditionsAdvise patients that if they have ocular surgery or develop an intercurrent ocular condition (e.g., trauma or infection), they should immediately seek their physicians advice concerning the continued use of the present multi-dose container.Concomitant Topical Ocular TherapyAdvise patients requiring concomitant topical ophthalmic medications to administer these at least 10 minutes before instilling BETOPTIC S.Temporary Blurred VisionVision may be temporarily blurred following dosing with BETOPTIC S. Care should be exercised in operating machinery or driving motor vehicle.Contact Lens WearThe preservative in BETOPTIC S, benzalkonium chloride, may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Remove contact lenses during instillation of BETOPIC S. Contact lenses may be reinserted 15 minutes after instillation.Distributed by:Novartis Pharmaceuticals CorporationEast Hanover, New Jersey 07936(C) NovartisT2021-81.

LACTATION SECTION.

8.2Lactation. Risk SummaryBeta-blockers are excreted in breast milk following oral administration, having the potential to cause serious undesirable effects in the infant of the nursing mother. It is not known whether measurable levels of betaxolol would be present in maternal milk following topical ocular administration.The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for BETOPTIC S, and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from BETOPTIC S.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. Betaxolol HCl, cardioselective (beta-1-adrenergic) receptor inhibitor, does not have significant membrane-stabilizing (local anesthetic) activity and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic action. Orally administered beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors reduce cardiac output in healthy subjects and patients with heart disease. In patients with severe impairment of myocardial function, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists may inhibit the sympathetic stimulatory effect necessary to maintain adequate cardiac function.When instilled in the eye, BETOPTIC has the action of reducing elevated IOP, whether or not accompanied by glaucoma. Ophthalmic betaxolol has minimal effect on pulmonary and cardiovascular parameters.Elevated IOP presents major risk factor in glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Betaxolol has the action of reducing elevated as well as normal IOP and the mechanism of ocular hypotensive action appears to be reduction of aqueous production as demonstrated by tonography and aqueous fluorophotometry.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. CarcinogenesisIn 2-year carcinogenicity studies, betaxolol HCl demonstrated no carcinogenic effect at doses up to 60 mg/kg/day in mice and 48 mg/kg/day in rats (584 and 934 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis, respectively).MutagenesisIn variety of in vitro and in vivo bacterial and mammalian cell assays, betaxolol HCl was not mutagenic.Impairment of FertilityBetaxolol did not adversely affect fertility or mating performance of male or female rats at doses up to 256 mg/kg/day (4982 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis).

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

10 OVERDOSAGE. No information is available on overdosage in humans. The oral LD50 of the drug ranged from 350 to 920 mg/kg in mice and 860 to 1,050 mg/kg in rats. The symptoms which might be expected with an overdose of systemically administered beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor are bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, and acute cardiac failure.A topical overdose of BETOPTIC may be flushed from the eye(s) with warm tap water. If overdose occurs, treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. NDC 0065-0246-10 Alcon(R) Novartis company Betoptic S(R) (betaxolol HCl ophthalmic suspension)0.25% as base 10 mL Sterile.

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The onset of action with betaxolol can generally be noted within 30 minutes and the maximum effect can usually be detected hours after topical administration. single dose provides 12-hour reduction in IOP. In some patients, the IOP lowering responses to BETOPTIC may require few weeks to stabilize. As with any new medication, careful monitoring of patients is advised.Ophthalmic betaxolol solution at 1% (one drop in each eye) was compared to placebo in crossover study challenging nine patients with reactive airway disease. Betaxolol HCl had no significant effect on pulmonary function as measured by forced expiratory volume in second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and was not significantly different from placebo. The action of isoproterenol, beta stimulant, administered at the end of the study was not inhibited by ophthalmic betaxolol.No evidence of cardiovascular beta-adrenergic blockade during exercise was observed with betaxolol in double-masked, crossover study in 24 normal subjects comparing ophthalmic betaxolol and placebo for effects on blood pressure and heart rate.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies of BETOPTIC administration in pregnant women to inform drug-associated risk. There are limited data with the use of betaxolol eye drops in pregnant women. Epidemiological studies have not revealed malformative effects but show risk for intrauterine growth retardation when beta-blockers are administered by the oral route.In animal reproductive studies, no drug-induced maternal toxicity or teratogenicity was observed at clinically relevant doses (see Data).Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, BETOPTIC should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.DataAnimal DataIn rat embryo-fetal development (EFD) study, oral administration of 4, 40, or 400 mg/kg/day betaxolol on gestational days through 18, the period of organogenesis, resulted in marked embryo-fetal lethality, increased incidence of skeletal and visceral abnormalities, and decreased fetal weights at the maternally toxic dose of 400 mg/kg/day (7785 times higher than the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose [MRHOD] of 0.0083 mg/kg/day, on mg/m2 basis). The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for maternal or embryo-fetal toxicity was 40 mg/kg/day (778 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). In rabbit EFD study, oral administration of 1, 4, 12, and 36 mg/kg/day betaxolol on gestational days through 18, the period of organogenesis, resulted in marked increase in embryo-fetal lethality at 36 mg/kg/day (1400 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). No maternal toxicity was reported in this study.In perinatal and postnatal development study in rats, oral administration of 4, 32, and 256 mg/kg/day betaxolol during late gestation through lactation resulted in marked decrease in offspring survival within days postpartum at the highest dose (4982 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). In surviving F1 offspring, growth/development and reproductive function were also affected. The NOAEL was 32 mg/kg/day (623 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis).In prenatal and postnatal development study in rats, an oral betaxolol dose of 150 mg/kg/day (2920 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis) administered throughout the entire gestation period and lactation, resulted in maternal and developmental toxicity in F1 offspring, including decreased offspring survival, body weight and growth/development and functional deficits in surviving offspring. No NOAEL for developmental or maternal toxicity was established in this study.Oral administration of 4, 32, and 256 mg/kg/day betoxolol to rats prior to mating and through late gestation, or until weaning, produced embryo-fetal lethality, neonatal mortality, decreased mean fetal weight, growth/development and functional deficits in surviving offspring at 256 mg/kg/day (4982 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). At 32 mg/kg/day (623 higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis), decreased mean fetal weight on Gestation Day 20, and pup weight at birth and on Day postpartum were observed. At mg/kg/day (78 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis), slight decrease in mean fetal weight was observed on Gestation Day 20.

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.

5.1 Systemic Absorption. As with many topically applied ophthalmic drugs, this drug is absorbed systemically. The same adverse reactions found with systemic administration of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may occur with topical administration. For example, severe respiratory reactions and cardiac reactions, including death due to bronchospasm in patients with asthma, and death due to cardiac failure, have been reported with topical application of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies of BETOPTIC administration in pregnant women to inform drug-associated risk. There are limited data with the use of betaxolol eye drops in pregnant women. Epidemiological studies have not revealed malformative effects but show risk for intrauterine growth retardation when beta-blockers are administered by the oral route.In animal reproductive studies, no drug-induced maternal toxicity or teratogenicity was observed at clinically relevant doses (see Data).Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, BETOPTIC should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.DataAnimal DataIn rat embryo-fetal development (EFD) study, oral administration of 4, 40, or 400 mg/kg/day betaxolol on gestational days through 18, the period of organogenesis, resulted in marked embryo-fetal lethality, increased incidence of skeletal and visceral abnormalities, and decreased fetal weights at the maternally toxic dose of 400 mg/kg/day (7785 times higher than the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose [MRHOD] of 0.0083 mg/kg/day, on mg/m2 basis). The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for maternal or embryo-fetal toxicity was 40 mg/kg/day (778 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). In rabbit EFD study, oral administration of 1, 4, 12, and 36 mg/kg/day betaxolol on gestational days through 18, the period of organogenesis, resulted in marked increase in embryo-fetal lethality at 36 mg/kg/day (1400 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). No maternal toxicity was reported in this study.In perinatal and postnatal development study in rats, oral administration of 4, 32, and 256 mg/kg/day betaxolol during late gestation through lactation resulted in marked decrease in offspring survival within days postpartum at the highest dose (4982 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). In surviving F1 offspring, growth/development and reproductive function were also affected. The NOAEL was 32 mg/kg/day (623 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis).In prenatal and postnatal development study in rats, an oral betaxolol dose of 150 mg/kg/day (2920 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis) administered throughout the entire gestation period and lactation, resulted in maternal and developmental toxicity in F1 offspring, including decreased offspring survival, body weight and growth/development and functional deficits in surviving offspring. No NOAEL for developmental or maternal toxicity was established in this study.Oral administration of 4, 32, and 256 mg/kg/day betoxolol to rats prior to mating and through late gestation, or until weaning, produced embryo-fetal lethality, neonatal mortality, decreased mean fetal weight, growth/development and functional deficits in surviving offspring at 256 mg/kg/day (4982 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis). At 32 mg/kg/day (623 higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis), decreased mean fetal weight on Gestation Day 20, and pup weight at birth and on Day postpartum were observed. At mg/kg/day (78 times higher than the MRHOD, on mg/m2 basis), slight decrease in mean fetal weight was observed on Gestation Day 20.. 8.2Lactation. Risk SummaryBeta-blockers are excreted in breast milk following oral administration, having the potential to cause serious undesirable effects in the infant of the nursing mother. It is not known whether measurable levels of betaxolol would be present in maternal milk following topical ocular administration.The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for BETOPTIC S, and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from BETOPTIC S.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and IOP lowering effect of BETOPTIC has been demonstrated in pediatric patients in 3 month, multicenter, double-masked, active-controlled trial.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Systemic Absorption: Same adverse reactions found with systemic administration of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may occur with topical ophthalmic administration (5.1)Cardiac Failure: Discontinue treatment at the first signs of cardiac failure (5.2)Diabetes Mellitus: Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. Administer with caution in diabetic patients subject to hypoglycemia (5.3)Thyrotoxicosis: Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may mask certain clinical signs (e.g., tachycardia) or hyperthyroidism (5.4). Systemic Absorption: Same adverse reactions found with systemic administration of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may occur with topical ophthalmic administration (5.1). Cardiac Failure: Discontinue treatment at the first signs of cardiac failure (5.2). Diabetes Mellitus: Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. Administer with caution in diabetic patients subject to hypoglycemia (5.3). Thyrotoxicosis: Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may mask certain clinical signs (e.g., tachycardia) or hyperthyroidism (5.4). 5.1 Systemic Absorption. As with many topically applied ophthalmic drugs, this drug is absorbed systemically. The same adverse reactions found with systemic administration of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may occur with topical administration. For example, severe respiratory reactions and cardiac reactions, including death due to bronchospasm in patients with asthma, and death due to cardiac failure, have been reported with topical application of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors.. 5.2 Cardiac Failure. BETOPTIC has been shown to have minor effect on heart rate and blood pressure in clinical studies. Caution should be used in treating patients with history of cardiac failure or heart block. Treatment with BETOPTIC should be discontinued at the first signs of cardiac failure.. 5.3 Diabetes Mellitus. Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors should be administered with caution in patients subject to hypoglycemia or to diabetic patients (especially those with labile diabetes) who are receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia.. 5.4 Thyrotoxicosis. Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may mask certain clinical signs (e.g., tachycardia) of hyperthyroidism. Patients suspected of developing thyrotoxicosis should be managed carefully to avoid abrupt withdrawal of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, which might precipitate thyroid storm.. 5.5 Muscle Weakness. Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors have been reported to potentiate muscle weakness consistent with certain myasthenic symptoms (e.g., diplopia, ptosis, and generalized weakness).. 5.6 Surgical Anesthesia. The necessity or desirability of withdrawal of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors prior to major surgery is controversial. Beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors impair the ability of the heart to respond to beta adrenergically mediated reflex stimuli. This may augment the risk of general anesthesia in surgical procedures. Some patients receiving beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors have experienced protracted, severe hypotension during anesthesia. Difficulty in restarting and maintaining the heartbeat has also been reported. In patients undergoing elective surgery, consider gradual withdrawal of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors. If necessary during surgery, the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors may be reversed by sufficient doses of adrenergic agonists.. 5.7 Bronchospasm and Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Caution should be exercised in the treatment of glaucoma patients with excessive restriction of pulmonary function. There have been reports of asthmatic attacks and pulmonary distress during betaxolol treatment. Although rechallenges of some such patients with ophthalmic betaxolol has not adversely affected pulmonary function test results, the possibility of adverse pulmonary effects in patients sensitive to beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors cannot be ruled out.. 5.8 Atopy/Anaphylaxis. While taking beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, patients with history of atopy or history of severe anaphylactic reaction to variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic challenge with such allergens. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat anaphylactic reactions.. 5.9 Angle-Closure Glaucoma. In patients with angle-closure glaucoma, the immediate treatment objective is to reopen the angle. This may require constricting the pupil. Betaxolol has little or no effect on the pupil and should not be used alone in the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma.. 5.10 Vascular Insufficiency. Because of potential effects of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors on blood pressure and pulse, these inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with vascular insufficiency. If signs or symptoms suggesting reduced cerebral blood flow or Raynauds phenomenon develop following initiation of therapy with BETOPTIC S, alternative therapy should be considered.. 5.11 Bacterial Keratitis. Bacterial keratitis may occur with use of multiple dose containers of topical ophthalmic products when these containers are inadvertently contaminated by patients who, in most cases, had concurrent corneal disease or disruption of the ocular epithelial surface. Instruct patients on appropriate instillation techniques [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].. 5.12 Choroidal Detachment. Choroidal detachment after filtration procedures has been reported with the administration of aqueous suppressant therapy.. 5.13 Contact Lens Wear. The preservative in BETOPTIC S, benzalkonium chloride, may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Contact lenses should be removed during instillation of BETOPTIC but may be reinserted 15 minutes after instillation [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].