INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli. Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Skin and Skin-Structure Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), and Klebsiella spp. Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis, and Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains). Gonorrhea: Uncomplicated and disseminated gonococcal infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains) in both males and females. Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase producing strains).Clinical microbiological studies in skin and skin-structure infections frequently reveal the growth of susceptible strains of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Cefuroxime has been used successfully in these mixed infections in which several organisms have been isolated.In certain cases of confirmed or suspected gram-positive or gram-negative sepsis or in patients with other serious infections in which the causative organism has not been identified, cefuroxime may be used concomitantly with an aminoglycoside (see PRECAUTIONS). The recommended doses of both antibacterials may be given depending on the severity of the infection and the patients condition.To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP and other antibacterial drugs, Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, including pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli. Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Skin and Skin-Structure Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), and Klebsiella spp. Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Neisseria meningitidis, and Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains). Gonorrhea: Uncomplicated and disseminated gonococcal infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains) in both males and females. Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase producing strains).. Prevention:. The preoperative prophylactic administration of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP may prevent the growth of susceptible disease-causing bacteria and thereby may reduce the incidence of certain postoperative infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures (e.g., vaginal hysterectomy) that are classified as clean-contaminated or potentially contaminated procedures. Effective prophylactic use of antibacterials in surgery depends on the time of administration. Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should usually be given one-half to hour before the operation to allow sufficient time to achieve effective antibacterial concentrations in the wound tissues during the procedure. The dose should be repeated intraoperatively if the surgical procedure is lengthy.Prophylactic administration is usually not required after the surgical procedure ends and should be stopped within 24 hours. In the majority of surgical procedures, continuing prophylactic administration of any antibacterial does not reduce the incidence of subsequent infections but will increase the possibility of adverse reactions and the development of bacterial resistance.The perioperative use of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP has also been effective during open heart surgery for surgical patients in whom infections at the operative site would present serious risk. For these patients it is recommended that cefuroxime therapy be continued for at least 48 hours after the surgical procedure ends. If an infection is present, specimens for culture should be obtained for the identification of the causative organism, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be instituted.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

ADVERSE REACTIONS. Cefuroxime is generally well tolerated. The most common adverse effects have been local reactions following IV administration. Other adverse reactions have been encountered only rarely.. Local Reactions:. Thrombophlebitis has occurred with IV administration in in 60 patients.. Gastrointestinal:. Gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in in 150 patients and included diarrhea (1 in 220 patients) and nausea (1 in 440 patients). The onset of pseudomembranous colitis may occur during or after antibacterial treatment (see WARNINGS).. Hypersensitivity Reactions:. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in fewer than 1% of the patients treated with cefuroxime and include rash (1 in 125). Pruritus, urticaria, and positive Coombs test each occurred in fewer than in 250 patients, and, as with other cephalosporins, rare cases of anaphylaxis, drug fever, erythema multiforme, interstitial nephritis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have occurred.. Blood:. decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit has been observed in in 10 patients and transient eosinophilia in in 14 patients. Less common reactions seen were transient neutropenia (fewer than in 100 patients) and leukopenia (1 in 750 patients). similar pattern and incidence were seen with other cephalosporins used in controlled studies. As with other cephalosporins, there have been rare reports of thrombocytopenia.. Hepatic:. Transient rise in SGOT and SGPT (1 in 25 patients), alkaline phosphatase (1 in 50 patients), LDH (1 in 75 patients), and bilirubin (1 in 500 patients) levels has been noted.. Kidney:. Elevations in serum creatinine and/or blood urea nitrogen and decreased creatinine clearance have been observed, but their relationship to cefuroxime is unknown.. Postmarketing Experience with Cefuroxime:. In addition to the adverse events reported during clinical trials, the following events have been observed during clinical practice in patients treated with cefuroxime and were reported spontaneously. Data are generally insufficient to allow an estimate of incidence or to establish causation.. Immune System Disorders:. Angioedema, acute myocardial ischemia with or without myocardial infarction may occur as part of an allergic reaction. Neurologic System Disorders:. Seizure. Cephalosporin-class Adverse Reactions:. In addition to the adverse reactions listed above that have been observed in patients treated with cefuroxime, the following adverse reactions and altered laboratory tests have been reported for cephalosporin-class antibacterials:. Adverse Reactions:. Vomiting, abdominal pain, colitis, vaginitis including vaginal candidiasis, toxic nephropathy, hepatic dysfunction including cholestasis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and hemorrhage.Several cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, have been implicated in triggering seizures, particularly in patients with renal impairment when the dosage was not reduced (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). If seizures associated with drug therapy should occur, the drug should be discontinued. Anticonvulsant therapy can be given if clinically indicated.. Altered Laboratory Tests:. Prolonged prothrombin time, pancytopenia, agranulocytosis.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Following IV doses of 750 mg and 1.5 g, serum concentrations were approximately 50 and 100 mcg/mL, respectively, at 15 minutes. Therapeutic serum concentrations of approximately mcg/mL or more were maintained for 5.3 hours and hours or more, respectively. There was no evidence of accumulation of cefuroxime in the serum following IV administration of 1.5 doses every hours to normal volunteers. The serum half-life after IV injection is approximately 80 minutes.Approximately 89% of dose of cefuroxime is excreted by the kidneys over an 8-hour period, resulting in high urinary concentrations.Intravenous doses of 750 mg and 1.5 produced urinary levels averaging 1,150 and 2,500 mcg/mL, respectively, during the first 8-hour period.The concomitant oral administration of probenecid with cefuroxime slows tubular secretion, decreases renal clearance by approximately 40%, increases the peak serum level by approximately 30%, and increases the serum half-life by approximately 30%. Cefuroxime is detectable in therapeutic concentrations in pleural fluid, joint fluid, bile, sputum, bone, and aqueous humor.Cefuroxime is detectable in therapeutic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adults and pediatric patients with meningitis. The following table shows the concentrations of cefuroxime achieved in cerebrospinal fluid during multiple dosing of patients with meningitis.Table 1. Concentrations of Cefuroxime Achieved in Cerebrospinal Fluid During Multiple Dosing of Patients with MeningitisPatientsDoseNumber of PatientsMean (Range) CSF Cefuroxime Concentrations (mcg/mL) Achieved Within Hours Post Dose Pediatric patients(4 weeks to 6.5 years) 200 mg/kg/day, dividedq hours 6.6(0.9-17.3) Pediatric patients(7 months to years) 200 to 230 mg/kg/day,divided 8 hours 8.3(<2-22.5) Adults 1.5 grams 8 hours 5.2(2.7-8.9) Adults 1.5 grams 6 hours 10 6.0(1.5-13.5)Cefuroxime is approximately 50% bound to serum protein.. Microbiology. Mechanismof Action. Cefuroxime is bactericidal agent that acts by inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefuroxime has activity in the presence of some beta-Iactamases, both penicillinases and cephalosporinases, of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.. Resistance. Resistance to cefuroxime is primarily through hydrolysis by beta-Iactamase, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and decreased permeability.. Interactionwith Other Antimicrobials. In an in vitro study antagonistic effects have been observed with the combination of chloramphenicol and cefuroxime.. Antimicrobial Activity. Cefuroxime has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:Gram-negative bacteriaEnterobacter spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeaeGram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenesThe following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90 percent of the following bacteria exhibit an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for cefuroxime against isolates of similar genus or organism group. However, the efficacy of cefuroxime in treating clinical infections caused by these bacteria has not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials.Gram-negative bacteriaCitrobacter spp.Providencia rettgeri Haemophilus parainfluenzae Proteus mirabilis Moraxella catarrhalis Morganella morganii Salmonella spp.Shigella spp.Gram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus epidermidis. Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes. Susceptibility Testing. For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria, and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

DESCRIPTION. Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP is sterile, nonpyrogenic, single use, packaged combination of Cefuroxime Sodium USP (crystalline) and Dextrose Injection USP (diluent) in the DUPLEX(R) sterile container. The DUPLEX(R) Container is flexible dual chamber container.The drug chamber is filled with sterile crystalline Cefuroxime for Injection USP, semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibacterial for parenteral administration. It is the sodium salt of (6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-furyl)glyoxylamido]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate, 72-(Z)-(O-methyloxime), carbamate (ester).Cefuroxime Sodium USP has the following structural formula:The empirical formula is C16H15N4NaO8S, representing molecular weight of 446.4.Cefuroxime contains approximately 54.2 mg (2.4 mEq) of sodium per gram of cefuroxime activity.The diluent chamber contains Dextrose Injection USP. The concentration of Hydrous Dextrose USP has been adjusted to render the reconstituted drug product iso-osmotic. Dextrose Injection USP is sterile, nonpyrogenic, and contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents.Hydrous Dextrose USP has the following structural (molecular) formula:The molecular weight of Hydrous Dextrose USP is 198.17.Dextrose hydrous USP has been added to the diluent to adjust osmolality (approximately 2.05 and 1.45 to 750 mg and 1.5 dosages, respectively).After removing the peelable foil strip, activating the seals, and thoroughly mixing, the reconstituted drug product is intended for single intravenous use. When reconstituted, the approximate osmolality of the reconstituted solution for Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP is 290 mOsmol/kg.Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP).The DUPLEX(R) dual chamber container is made from specially formulated material. The product (diluent and drug) contact layer is mixture of thermoplastic rubber and polypropylene ethylene copolymer that contains no plasticizers. The safety of the container system is supported by USP biological evaluation procedures.. Chemical Structure. Chemical Structure.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. This product is intended for intravenous administration only.. Dosage:. Adults:. The usual adult dosage range for cefuroxime is 750 mg to 1.5 grams every hours, usually for to 10 days. In uncomplicated urinary tract infections, skin and skin-structure infections, disseminated gonococcal infections, and uncomplicated pneumonia, 750 mg dose every hours is recommended. In severe or complicated infections, 1.5 gram dose every hours is recommended.In bone and joint infections, 1.5 gram dose every hours is recommended. In clinical trials, surgical intervention was performed when indicated as an adjunct to cefuroxime therapy. course of oral antibacterials was administered when appropriate following the completion of parenteral administration of cefuroxime.In life-threatening infections or infections due to less susceptible organisms, 1.5 grams every hours may be required. In bacterial meningitis, the dosage should not exceed grams every hours. For preventive use for clean-contaminated or potentially contaminated surgical procedures, 1.5 gram dose administered intravenously just before surgery (approximately one-half to hour before the initial incision) is recommended. Thereafter, give 750 mg intravenously every hours when the procedure is prolonged.For preventive use during open heart surgery, 1.5 gram dose administered intravenously at the induction of anesthesia and every 12 hours thereafter for total of grams is recommended. Impaired Renal Function:. reduced dosage must be employed when renal function is impaired. Dosage should be determined by the degree of renal impairment and the susceptibility of the causative organism (see Table 2).Table 2: Dosage of Cefuroxime in Adults with Reduced Renal Function Creatinine Clearance(mL/min) Dose Frequency >20 750 mg-1.5 grams q8h 10-20 750 mg q12h <10 750 mg q24hSince cefuroxime is dialyzable, patients on hemodialysis should be given further dose at the end of the dialysis. When only serum creatinine is available, the following formula1 (based on sex, weight, and age of the patient) may be used to convert this value into creatinine clearance. The serum creatinine should represent steady state of renal function. Males: Creatinine clearance (mL/min) Weight (kg) (140 age) 72 serum creatinine (mg/dL) Females: 0.85 male value Note: As with antibacterial therapy in general, administration of Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should be continued for minimum of 48 to 72 hours after the patient becomes asymptomatic or after evidence of bacterial eradication has been obtained; minimum of 10 days of treatment is recommended in infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in order to guard against the risk of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis; frequent bacteriologic and clinical appraisal is necessary during therapy of chronic urinary tract infection and may be required for several months after therapy has been completed; persistent infections may require treatment for several weeks; and doses smaller than those indicated above should not be used. In staphylococcal and other infections involving collection of pus, surgical drainage should be carried out where indicated.. Pediatric Patients Above Months of Age:. Administration of 50 to 100 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every to hours has been successful for most infections susceptible to cefuroxime. The higher dosage of 100 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dosage) should be used for the more severe or serious infections.In bone and joint infections, 150 mg/kg/day (not to exceed the maximum adult dosage) is recommended in equally divided doses every hours. In clinical trials, course of oral antibacterials was administered to pediatric patients following the completion of parenteral administration of cefuroxime.In cases of bacterial meningitis, larger dosage of cefuroxime is recommended, 200 to 240 mg/kg/day intravenously in divided doses every to hours.In pediatric patients with renal insufficiency, the frequency of dosing should be modified consistent with the recommendations for adults.Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose for Injection USP in the DUPLEX(R) Container is designed to deliver 750 mg or 1.5 dose of cefuroxime. To prevent unintentional overdose, this product should not be used in pediatric patients who require less than the full adult dose.For intermittent IV infusion with Y-type administration set, dosing can be accomplished through the tubing system by which the patient may be receiving other IV solutions. However, during infusion of the solution containing Cefuroxime, it is advisable to temporarily discontinue administration of any other solutions at the same site.Solutions of cefuroxime, like those of most beta-lactam antibacterials, should not be added to solutions of aminoglycoside antibacterials because of potential interaction.However, if concurrent therapy with cefuroxime and an aminoglycoside is indicated, each of these antibacterials can be administered separately to the same patient.Use sterile equipment.Caution: Do not use plastic containers in series connections. Such use could result in air embolism due to residual air being drawn from the primary container before administration of the fluid from the secondary container is complete.. DUPLEX(R) Container Directions for Use. To avoid inadvertent activation, DUPLEX(R) Container should remain in the folded position until activation is intended.Patient Labeling and Drug Powder/Diluent InspectionApply patient-specific label on foil side of container. USE CARE to avoid activation. Do not cover any portion of foil strip with patient label. Unlatch side tab and unfold DUPLEX(R) Container. (See Diagram 1.)Visually inspect diluent chamber for particulate matter. Use only if container and seals are intact. To inspect the drug powder for foreign matter or discoloration, peel foil strip from drug chamber. (See Diagram 2.)Protect from light after removal of foil strip. Note: If foil strip is removed, product must be used within days, but not beyond the labeled expiration date. The product should be re-folded and the side tab latched until ready to activate.Reconstitution (Activation)Do not use directly after storage by refrigeration, allow the product to equilibrate to room temperature before patient use. Unfold the DUPLEX(R) Container and point the set port in downward direction. Starting at the hanger tab end, fold the DUPLEX(R) Container just below the diluent meniscus trapping all air above the fold. To activate, squeeze the folded diluent chamber until the seal between the diluent and powder opens, releasing diluent into the drug powder chamber. (See Diagram 3.)Agitate the liquid-powder mixture until the drug powder is completely dissolved. Note: Following reconstitution (activation), product must be used within 24 hours if stored at room temperature or within days if stored under refrigeration. AdministrationVisually inspect the reconstituted solution for particulate matter. Point the set port in downwards direction. Starting at the hanger tab end, fold the DUPLEX(R) Container just below the solution meniscus trapping all air above the fold. Squeeze the folded DUPLEX(R) Container until the seal between reconstituted drug solution and set port opens, releasing liquid to set port. (See Diagram 4.)Prior to attaching the IV set, check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found, discard container and solution as sterility may be impaired. Using aseptic technique, peel foil cover from the set port and attach sterile administration set. (See Diagram 5.)Refer to Directions for Use accompanying the administration set.PrecautionsAs with other cephalosporins, reconstituted Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP tends to darken depending on storage conditions, within the stated recommendations. However, product potency is not adversely affected. Use only if prepared solution is clear and free from particulate matter. Do not use in series connection. Do not introduce additives into the DUPLEX(R) Container. Do not freeze.. To avoid inadvertent activation, DUPLEX(R) Container should remain in the folded position until activation is intended.. Apply patient-specific label on foil side of container. USE CARE to avoid activation. Do not cover any portion of foil strip with patient label. Unlatch side tab and unfold DUPLEX(R) Container. (See Diagram 1.). Visually inspect diluent chamber for particulate matter. Use only if container and seals are intact. To inspect the drug powder for foreign matter or discoloration, peel foil strip from drug chamber. (See Diagram 2.). Protect from light after removal of foil strip. Note: If foil strip is removed, product must be used within days, but not beyond the labeled expiration date. The product should be re-folded and the side tab latched until ready to activate.. Do not use directly after storage by refrigeration, allow the product to equilibrate to room temperature before patient use. Unfold the DUPLEX(R) Container and point the set port in downward direction. Starting at the hanger tab end, fold the DUPLEX(R) Container just below the diluent meniscus trapping all air above the fold. To activate, squeeze the folded diluent chamber until the seal between the diluent and powder opens, releasing diluent into the drug powder chamber. (See Diagram 3.). Agitate the liquid-powder mixture until the drug powder is completely dissolved. Note: Following reconstitution (activation), product must be used within 24 hours if stored at room temperature or within days if stored under refrigeration. Visually inspect the reconstituted solution for particulate matter. Point the set port in downwards direction. Starting at the hanger tab end, fold the DUPLEX(R) Container just below the solution meniscus trapping all air above the fold. Squeeze the folded DUPLEX(R) Container until the seal between reconstituted drug solution and set port opens, releasing liquid to set port. (See Diagram 4.). Prior to attaching the IV set, check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found, discard container and solution as sterility may be impaired. Using aseptic technique, peel foil cover from the set port and attach sterile administration set. (See Diagram 5.). Refer to Directions for Use accompanying the administration set.. As with other cephalosporins, reconstituted Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP tends to darken depending on storage conditions, within the stated recommendations. However, product potency is not adversely affected. Use only if prepared solution is clear and free from particulate matter. Do not use in series connection. Do not introduce additives into the DUPLEX(R) Container. Do not freeze.. Diagram 1. Diagram 2. Diagram 3. Diagram 4. Diagram 5.

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

General. Although Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP rarely produces alterations in kidney function, evaluation of renal status during therapy is recommended, especially in seriously ill patients receiving the maximum doses. Cephalosporins should be given with caution to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics as these regimens are suspected of adversely affecting renal function.The total daily dose of cefuroxime should be reduced in patients with transient or persistent renal insufficiency (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION), because high and prolonged serum antibacterial concentrations can occur in such individuals from usual doses.As with other antibacterials, prolonged use of cefuroxime may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. If superinfection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken.Broad-spectrum antibacterials should be prescribed with caution in individuals with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of aminoglycoside antibacterials and cephalosporins.As with other therapeutic regimens used in the treatment of meningitis, mild-to-moderate hearing loss has been reported in few pediatric patients treated with cefuroxime. Persistence of positive CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) cultures at 18 to 36 hours has also been noted with cefuroxime injection, as well as with other antibacterial therapies; however, the clinical relevance of this is unknown.Cephalosporins may be associated with fall in prothrombin activity. Those at risk include patients with renal or hepatic impairment, or poor nutritional state, as well as patients receiving protracted course of antimicrobial therapy, and patients previously stabilized on anticoagulant therapy. Prothrombin time should be monitored in patients at risk and exogenous Vitamin administered as indicated.As with other dextrose-containing solutions, Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should be prescribed with caution in patients with overt or known subclinical diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason.Prescribing Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP in the absence of proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

MICROBIOLOGY SECTION.

Microbiology. Mechanismof Action. Cefuroxime is bactericidal agent that acts by inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefuroxime has activity in the presence of some beta-Iactamases, both penicillinases and cephalosporinases, of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.. Resistance. Resistance to cefuroxime is primarily through hydrolysis by beta-Iactamase, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and decreased permeability.. Interactionwith Other Antimicrobials. In an in vitro study antagonistic effects have been observed with the combination of chloramphenicol and cefuroxime.. Antimicrobial Activity. Cefuroxime has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:Gram-negative bacteriaEnterobacter spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeaeGram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenesThe following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90 percent of the following bacteria exhibit an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for cefuroxime against isolates of similar genus or organism group. However, the efficacy of cefuroxime in treating clinical infections caused by these bacteria has not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials.Gram-negative bacteriaCitrobacter spp.Providencia rettgeri Haemophilus parainfluenzae Proteus mirabilis Moraxella catarrhalis Morganella morganii Salmonella spp.Shigella spp.Gram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus epidermidis. Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes. Susceptibility Testing. For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria, and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 750 mg Container Label. CefUROXime for Injection USPand Dextrose Injection USP750 mgREF 3112-11NDC 0264-3112-11DUPLEX(R) CONTAINER50 mLUse only after mixing contents of both chambers.For IV Use Only Iso-osmotic Single Dose Sterile/NonpyrogenicReconstitution: Hold container with set port in downward direction and fold the diluent chamber just below the solution meniscus. To activate seal, squeeze folded diluent chamber until seal between diluent and drug chamber opens, releasing diluent into drug chamber. Agitate the reconstituted solution until the drug powder is completely dissolved. Fold the container second time and squeeze until seal between drug chamber and set port opens.After reconstitution each 50 mL single dose unit contains: Cefuroxime for Injection USP (equivalent to 750 mg cefuroxime) with approx. 2.05 Hydrous Dextrose USP in Water for Injection USP Approximate osmolality: 290 mOsmol/kgPrior to Reconstitution: Store at 20-25C (68-77F). Excursions permitted to 15-30C (59-86F). Use only if container and seals are intact. Do not peel foil strip until ready for use. After foil strip removal, product must be used within days, but not beyond the labeled expiration date. Protect from light after removal of foil strip.After Reconstitution: Use only if prepared solution is clear and free from particulate matter. Use within 24 hours if stored at room temperature or within days if stored under refrigeration. Do not use in series connection. Do not introduce additives into this container. Prior to administration check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found, discard container and solution as sterility may be impaired. Do not freeze. Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or DEHP.Rx onlyB. Braun Medical Inc. Bethlehem, PA 18018-3524Y37-002-559 LD-202-4Prepared in USA. API from Italy and USA.PEEL HEREDrug ChamberDiscard unit if foil strip is damaged. Peel foil strip only when ready for use. Visually inspect drug prior to reconstitution. See package insert for complete directions for reconstitution and administration.LD-336-1 X27-001-485. 3112-11 Container Label. Drug Chamber Label.

PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

PRECAUTIONS. General. Although Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP rarely produces alterations in kidney function, evaluation of renal status during therapy is recommended, especially in seriously ill patients receiving the maximum doses. Cephalosporins should be given with caution to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics as these regimens are suspected of adversely affecting renal function.The total daily dose of cefuroxime should be reduced in patients with transient or persistent renal insufficiency (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION), because high and prolonged serum antibacterial concentrations can occur in such individuals from usual doses.As with other antibacterials, prolonged use of cefuroxime may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. If superinfection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken.Broad-spectrum antibacterials should be prescribed with caution in individuals with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of aminoglycoside antibacterials and cephalosporins.As with other therapeutic regimens used in the treatment of meningitis, mild-to-moderate hearing loss has been reported in few pediatric patients treated with cefuroxime. Persistence of positive CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) cultures at 18 to 36 hours has also been noted with cefuroxime injection, as well as with other antibacterial therapies; however, the clinical relevance of this is unknown.Cephalosporins may be associated with fall in prothrombin activity. Those at risk include patients with renal or hepatic impairment, or poor nutritional state, as well as patients receiving protracted course of antimicrobial therapy, and patients previously stabilized on anticoagulant therapy. Prothrombin time should be monitored in patients at risk and exogenous Vitamin administered as indicated.As with other dextrose-containing solutions, Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should be prescribed with caution in patients with overt or known subclinical diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason.Prescribing Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP in the absence of proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.. Information for Patients. Diarrhea is common problem caused by antibacterials which usually ends when the antibacterial is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterials, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibacterial. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections e.g., the common cold). When Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP is prescribed to treat bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP or other antibacterial drugs in the future.. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions. false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine may occur with copper reduction tests (Benedicts or Fehlings solution or with Clinitest(R) tablets) but not with enzyme-based tests for glycosuria. As false-negative result may occur in the ferricyanide test, it is recommended that either the glucose oxidase or hexokinase method be used to determine blood plasma glucose levels in patients receiving cefuroxime.Cefuroxime does not interfere with the assay of serum and urine creatinine by the alkaline picrate method.. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Although lifetime studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, no mutagenic activity was found for cefuroxime in the mouse lymphoma assay and battery of bacterial mutation tests. Positive results were obtained in an in vitro chromosome aberration assay, however, negative results were found in an in vivo micronucleus test at doses up to 10 g/kg. Reproduction studies in mice at doses up to 3,200 mg/kg/day (3.1 times the recommended maximum human dose based on mg/m2) have revealed no impairment of fertility.Reproductive studies revealed no impairment of fertility in animals.. Pregnancy. Teratogenic Effects. Reproduction studies have been performed in mice at doses up to 6,400 mg/kg/day (6.3 times the recommended maximum human dose based on mg/m2), and rabbits at doses up to 400 mg/kg/day (2.1 times the recommended maximum human dose based on mg/m2) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to cefuroxime. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers. Since cefuroxime is excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when cefuroxime is administered to nursing woman.. Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below months of age have not been established. Accumulation of other members of the cephalosporin class in newborn infants (with resulting prolongation of drug half-life) has been reported.Cefuroxime for Injection USP and Dextrose Injection USP in the DUPLEX(R) Container is designed to deliver 750 mg or 1.5 dose of cefuroxime. To prevent unintentional overdose, this product should not be used in pediatric patients who require less than the full adult dose of cefuroxime.. Geriatric Use. Of the 1,914 subjects who received cefuroxime in 24 clinical studies of cefuroxime, 901 (47%) were 65 and over while 421 (22%) were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater susceptibility of some older individuals to drug effects cannot be ruled out. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).