pentobarbital Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
hypnotics, barbituric acid derivatives 2095 76-74-4

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • pentobarbital calcium
  • pentobarbital
  • ethaminal
  • mebubarbital
  • nembutal
  • neodorm
  • pentabarbitone
  • pentobarbitone
  • pentobarbituric acid
  • phetobarbitone
  • pentobarbital sodium
  • sodium pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
  • Molecular weight: 226.28
  • Formula: C11H18N2O3
  • CLOGP: 2.11
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 5
  • HDO: 2
  • TPSA: 75.27
  • ALOGS: -2.42
  • ROTB: 4
  • Status: OFP
    • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

DoseUnitRoute
0.10 g O
0.10 g P
0.10 g R

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 12.61 µM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 80 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution) 0.91 L/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance) 0.47 mL/min/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) 0.39 % Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life) 22 hours Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
Sept. 19, 1973 FDA OAK PHARMS

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

None

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC N05CA01 NERVOUS SYSTEM
PSYCHOLEPTICS
HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES
Barbiturates, plain
MeSH PA D000759 Adjuvants, Anesthesia
CHEBI has role CHEBI:91016 GABAA receptor agonist
MeSH PA D002491 Central Nervous System Agents
MeSH PA D002492 Central Nervous System Depressants
MeSH PA D018682 GABA Agents
MeSH PA D018757 GABA Modulators
MeSH PA D006993 Hypnotics and Sedatives
MeSH PA D018377 Neurotransmitter Agents

Drug Use (View source of the data)

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
General anesthesia indication 50697003
Severe anxiety (panic) indication 80583007
Epilepsy indication 84757009 DOID:1826
Seizure disorder indication 128613002
Insomnia indication 193462001
Status epilepticus indication 230456007 DOID:1824
Cerebral ischemia indication 287731003
Local anesthesia indication 386761002
Tetanus Adjunct Treatment indication
Benign intracranial hypertension off-label use 68267002 DOID:11459
Apnea contraindication 1023001
Suicidal thoughts contraindication 6471006
Alcoholism contraindication 7200002
Hyperammonemia contraindication 9360008
Chronic obstructive lung disease contraindication 13645005 DOID:3083
Hepatic encephalopathy contraindication 13920009 DOID:13413
Disorder of lung contraindication 19829001 DOID:850
Depressive disorder contraindication 35489007
Hypertensive disorder contraindication 38341003 DOID:10763
Hyperactive behavior contraindication 44548000
Low blood pressure contraindication 45007003
Heart disease contraindication 56265001 DOID:114
Hepatic failure contraindication 59927004
Substance abuse contraindication 66214007
Hepatic coma contraindication 72836002 DOID:12550
Sleep apnea contraindication 73430006 DOID:0050847
Decreased respiratory function contraindication 80954004
Kidney disease contraindication 90708001 DOID:557
Pneumonia contraindication 233604007 DOID:552
Disease of liver contraindication 235856003 DOID:409
Sleep automatism contraindication 247962006
Anemia contraindication 271737000 DOID:2355
Pregnancy, function contraindication 289908002
Thrombocytopenic disorder contraindication 302215000 DOID:1588
Neutropenic disorder contraindication 303011007 DOID:1227
Respiratory insufficiency contraindication 409623005
Porphyria contraindication 418470004
Acute exacerbation of asthma contraindication 708038006

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 7.81 acidic
pKa2 9.51 acidic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])		Mechanism
action		Bioact sourceMoA source
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 Ion channel POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR IC50 4.06 CHEMBL CHEMBL
GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2 Ion channel POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR EC50 4.30 WOMBAT-PK CHEMBL
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Ion channel IC50 2.55 WOMBAT-PK
GABA A receptor alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2 Ion channel EC50 4.30 CHEMBL
GABA-A receptor; anion channel Ion channel IC50 5.77 CHEMBL

External reference:

IDSource
4018516 VUID
N0000146838 NUI
C0030883 UMLSCUI
D00499 KEGG_DRUG
66V4W08X7J UNII
24876-35-5 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
33231001 SNOMEDCT_US
4018516 VANDF
71886 MMSL
8004 RXNORM
372703009 SNOMEDCT_US
5253 MMSL
d00335 MMSL
001411 NDDF
4737 PUBCHEM_CID
CHEBI:7983 CHEBI
CHEMBL448 ChEMBL_ID
CHEMBL971 ChEMBL_ID
DB00312 DRUGBANK_ID
703 INN_ID
RAV PDB_CHEM_ID
D010424 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
5480 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
Pentobarbital Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 17478-181 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 14 sections
Pentobarbital Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 24201-010 INJECTION, SOLUTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 14 sections
pentobarbital sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 25021-676 INJECTION, SOLUTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 14 sections
Pentobarbital Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 70655-501 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 14 sections
Nembutal Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 76478-501 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 14 sections