pentobarbital 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
hypnotics, barbituric acid derivatives 2095 76-74-4

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • pentobarbital calcium
  • pentobarbital
  • ethaminal
  • mebubarbital
  • nembutal
  • neodorm
  • pentabarbitone
  • pentobarbitone
  • pentobarbituric acid
  • phetobarbitone
  • pentobarbital sodium
  • sodium pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
  • Molecular weight: 226.28
  • Formula: C11H18N2O3
  • CLOGP: 2.11
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 5
  • HDO: 2
  • TPSA: 75.27
  • ALOGS: -2.42
  • ROTB: 4
  • Status: OFP
    • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

DoseUnitRoute
0.10 g O
0.10 g P
0.10 g R

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 12.61 µM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 80 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution) 0.91 L/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance) 0.47 mL/min/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) 0.39 % Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life) 22 hours Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
Sept. 19, 1973 FDA OAK PHARMS

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Propofol infusion syndrome 135.65 86.55 21 789 745 50603569
Mitochondrial DNA mutation 125.21 86.55 17 793 233 50604081
Gene mutation 111.19 86.55 19 791 1252 50603062
Blood gases abnormal 94.51 86.55 15 795 624 50603690
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 87.46 86.55 26 784 21255 50583059

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

None

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 151.60 82.42 44 1060 31089 64466539
Mitochondrial DNA mutation 123.42 82.42 17 1087 242 64497386
Propofol infusion syndrome 118.49 82.42 21 1083 1596 64496032
Gene mutation 100.50 82.42 19 1085 2063 64495565
Drug ineffective 88.33 82.42 88 1016 840159 63657469
Blood gases abnormal 87.01 82.42 15 1089 968 64496660

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC N05CA01 NERVOUS SYSTEM
PSYCHOLEPTICS
HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES
Barbiturates, plain
MeSH PA D000759 Adjuvants, Anesthesia
MeSH PA D002491 Central Nervous System Agents
MeSH PA D002492 Central Nervous System Depressants
MeSH PA D018682 GABA Agents
MeSH PA D018757 GABA Modulators
MeSH PA D006993 Hypnotics and Sedatives
MeSH PA D018377 Neurotransmitter Agents
CHEBI has role CHEBI:91016 GABAA receptor agonists

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
General anesthesia indication 50697003
Severe anxiety (panic) indication 80583007
Epilepsy indication 84757009 DOID:1826
Seizure disorder indication 128613002
Insomnia indication 193462001
Status epilepticus indication 230456007 DOID:1824
Cerebral ischemia indication 287731003
Local anesthesia indication 386761002
Tetanus Adjunct Treatment indication
Benign intracranial hypertension off-label use 68267002 DOID:11459
Apnea contraindication 1023001
Suicidal thoughts contraindication 6471006
Alcoholism contraindication 7200002
Hyperammonemia contraindication 9360008
Chronic obstructive lung disease contraindication 13645005 DOID:3083
Hepatic encephalopathy contraindication 13920009 DOID:13413
Disorder of lung contraindication 19829001 DOID:850
Depressive disorder contraindication 35489007
Hypertensive disorder contraindication 38341003 DOID:10763
Hyperactive behavior contraindication 44548000
Low blood pressure contraindication 45007003
Heart disease contraindication 56265001 DOID:114
Hepatic failure contraindication 59927004
Substance abuse contraindication 66214007
Hepatic coma contraindication 72836002 DOID:12550
Sleep apnea contraindication 73430006 DOID:0050847
Decreased respiratory function contraindication 80954004
Kidney disease contraindication 90708001 DOID:557
Pneumonia contraindication 233604007 DOID:552
Disease of liver contraindication 235856003 DOID:409
Sleep automatism contraindication 247962006
Anemia contraindication 271737000 DOID:2355
Pregnancy, function contraindication 289908002
Thrombocytopenic disorder contraindication 302215000 DOID:1588
Neutropenic disorder contraindication 303011007 DOID:1227
Respiratory insufficiency contraindication 409623005
Porphyria contraindication 418470004
Acute exacerbation of asthma contraindication 708038006




🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

SpeciesUseRelation
Cats General anesthesia Indication
Dogs General anesthesia Indication
Dogs Strychnine poisoning Indication
Dogs Euthanasia Indication
Horses General anesthesia Indication
Horses Sedative-relaxant Indication

🐶 Veterinary products

ProductApplicantIngredients
Somnopentyl Injection Intervet Inc. 1
Combuthal Powder Bimeda Animal Health Limited 2
Chloropent Zoetis Inc. 3
Beuthanasia-D Special Intervet Inc. 2
Euthasol Virbac AH Inc. 2
Euthanasia-III Solution Med-Pharmex Inc. 2
Pentobarbital Sodium and Phenytoin Sodium Akorn Animal Health Inc. 2

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 7.81 acidic
pKa2 9.51 acidic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])		Mechanism
action		Bioact sourceMoA source
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 Ion channel POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR IC50 4.06 CHEMBL CHEMBL
GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2 Ion channel POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR EC50 4.30 WOMBAT-PK CHEMBL
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Ion channel IC50 2.55 WOMBAT-PK
GABA A receptor alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2 Ion channel EC50 4.30 CHEMBL
GABA-A receptor; anion channel Ion channel IC50 5.77 CHEMBL

External reference:

IDSource
4018516 VUID
N0000146838 NUI
D00499 KEGG_DRUG
24876-35-5 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
57-33-0 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
4018036 VANDF
4018516 VANDF
C0030883 UMLSCUI
CHEBI:7983 CHEBI
RAV PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL448 ChEMBL_ID
DB00312 DRUGBANK_ID
CHEMBL971 ChEMBL_ID
D010424 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
4737 PUBCHEM_CID
703 INN_ID
5480 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
I4744080IR UNII
203085 RXNORM
2161 MMSL
3697 MMSL
5253 MMSL
5254 MMSL
71886 MMSL
d00335 MMSL
001411 NDDF
001412 NDDF
33231001 SNOMEDCT_US
372703009 SNOMEDCT_US
66843009 SNOMEDCT_US

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
Pentobarbital Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 17478-181 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 25 sections
Pentobarbital Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 17478-181 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 25 sections
Pentobarbital Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 24201-010 INJECTION, SOLUTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 24 sections
pentobarbital sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 25021-676 INJECTION, SOLUTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 26 sections
Nembutal Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 76478-501 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 25 sections
Nembutal Sodium HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 76478-501 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 25 sections