USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS oPregnancy: Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm (8.1). oPregnancy: Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm (8.1). 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary. There are no studies of riluzole in pregnant women, and case reports have been inadequate to inform the drug-associated risk. The background risk for major birth defects and miscarriage in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2- 4% and 15-20%, respectively.In studies in which riluzole was administered orally to pregnant animals, developmental toxicity (decreased embryofetal/offspring viability, growth, and functional development) was observed at clinically relevant doses [see Data]. Based on these results, women should be advised of possible risk to the fetus associated with use of EXSERVAN during pregnancy.. Data. Animal DataOral administration of riluzole (3, 9, or 27 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in decreases in fetal growth (body weight and length) at the high dose. The mid dose, no-effect dose for embryofetal developmental toxicity, is approximately equal to the recommended human daily dose (RHDD, 100 mg) on mg/m2 basis. When riluzole was administered orally (3, 10, or 60 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis, embryofetal mortality was increased at the high dose and fetal body weight was decreased and morphological variations increased at all but the lowest dose tested. The no-effect dose (3 mg/kg/day) for embryofetal developmental toxicity is less than the RHDD on mg/m2 basis. Maternal toxicity was observed at the highest dose tested in rat and rabbit.When riluzole was orally administered (3, 8, or 15 mg/kg/day) to male and female rats prior to and during mating and to female rats throughout gestation and lactation, increased embryofetal mortality and decreased postnatal offspring viability, growth, and functional development were observed at the high dose. The mid dose, no-effect dose for pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity, is approximately equal to the RHDD on mg/m2 basis.. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary. There are no data on the presence of riluzole in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Riluzole or its metabolites have been detected in milk of lactating rat. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for EXSERVAN and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from EXSERVAN or from the underlying maternal condition.. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential In rats, oral administration of riluzole resulted in decreased fertility indices and increases in embryolethality [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.. 8.5 Geriatric Use In clinical studies of riluzole tablets, 30% of patients were 65 years and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.. 8.6 Hepatic Impairment Patients with mild [Child-Pughs (CP) score A] or moderate (CP score B) hepatic impairment had increases in AUC compared to patients with normal hepatic function. Thus, patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment may be at increased risk of adverse reactions. The impact of severe hepatic impairment on riluzole exposure is unknown.Use of EXSERVAN is not recommended in patients with baseline elevations of serum aminotransferases greater than times upper limit of normal or evidence of liver dysfunction (e.g., elevated bilirubin) [Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. 8.7 Japanese Patients Japanese patients are more likely to have higher riluzole concentrations. Consequently, the risk of adverse reactions may be greater in Japanese patients [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:oHepatic Injury [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]oNeutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]oInterstitial Lung Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. oHepatic Injury [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. oNeutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. oInterstitial Lung Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Most common adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 5% and greater than placebo) were oral hypoesthesia, asthenia, nausea, decreased lung function, hypertension, and abdominal pain (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Inc at 1-888-292-0058 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.Adverse Reactions in Controlled Clinical Trials of Riluzole TabletsIn the placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with ALS (Study and 2), total of 313 patients received riluzole tablets 50 mg twice daily [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The most common adverse reactions in the riluzole-treated patients (in at least 5% of patients and more frequently than on placebo) were asthenia, nausea, decreased lung function, hypertension, and abdominal pain. The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation in the riluzole- treated patients were nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, and elevated ALT.There was no difference in rates of adverse reactions leading to discontinuation in females and males. However, the incidence of dizziness was higher in females (11%) than in males (4%). The adverse reaction profile was similar in older and younger patients. There were insufficient data to determine if there were differences in the adverse reaction profile in different races.Table lists adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of riluzole treated patients (50 mg twice daily) in pooled Study and 2, and at higher rate than placebo.Table 1. Adverse Reactions in Pooled Placebo-Controlled Trials (Studies and 2) in Patients with ALSRILUZOLE Tablets 50 mg twice daily(N=313)%Placebo (N=320)%Asthenia1912Nausea1611Decreased lung function109Hypertension54Abdominal pain54Vomiting42Arthralgia43Dizziness43Dry mouth43Insomnia43Pruritus43Tachycardia31Flatulence32Increased cough32Peripheral edema32Urinary tract infection32Circumoral paresthesia20Somnolence21Vertigo21Eczema21Additional Adverse Reaction with EXSERVANIn an open-label pharmacokinetic study in healthy subjects (n=32), oral hypoesthesia was observed in 38% of subjects taking EXSERVAN, compared to no subjects taking riluzole tablets, under fasting conditions.. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of riluzole. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.oAcute hepatitis and icteric toxic hepatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]oRenal tubular impairmentoPancreatitis. oAcute hepatitis and icteric toxic hepatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. oRenal tubular impairment. oPancreatitis.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility CarcinogenesisRiluzole was not carcinogenic in mice or rats when administered for years at daily oral doses up to 20 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, which are approximately equal to the recommended human daily dose (RHDD, 100 mg) on mg/m2 basis.MutagenesisRiluzole was negative in in vitro (bacterial reverse mutation (Ames), mouse lymphoma tk, chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes), and in vivo (rat cytogenetic and mouse micronucleus) assays.N-hydroxyriluzole, the major active metabolite of riluzole, was positive for clastogenicity in the in vitro mouse lymphoma tk assay and in the in vitro micronucleus assay using the same mouse lymphoma cell line. N-hydroxyriluzole was negative in the HPRT gene mutation assay, the Ames assay (with and without rat or hamster S9), the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes, and the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.Impairment of FertilityWhen riluzole (3, 8, or 15 mg/kg) was administered orally to male and female rats prior to and during mating and continuing in females throughout gestation and lactation, fertility indices were decreased and embryolethality was increased at the high dose. This dose was also associated with maternal toxicity. The mid dose, no-effect dose for effects on fertility and early embryonic development, is approximately equal to the RHDD on mg/m2 basis.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism by which riluzole exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with ALS is unknown.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics The clinical pharmacodynamics of riluzole have not been determined in humans.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics A pharmacokinetic study in healthy adult subjects under fasting conditions at 50 mg dose level demonstrated similar bioavailability for riluzole from EXSERVAN and riluzole tablets. Table displays the pharmacokinetic parameters of riluzole.Table 2. Pharmacokinetics of Riluzole1 Unless otherwise stated, information in this table is based on pharmacokinetic studies of riluzole tablets Information specific to EXSERVANAbsorptionBioavailability (oral)Approximately 60%Dose ProportionalityLinear over dose range of 25 mg to 100 mg every 12 hours (1/2 to times the recommended dosage)Food effect2 AUC 15% and Cmax 45% (high fat meal)Time to peak plasma concentration (Median)2 Under fasted state: hour; and under fed state (high-fat meal): 1.5 hoursDistributionPlasma Protein Binding96% (Mainly to albumin and lipoproteins)EliminationElimination half-lifeo12 hours (CV=35%)oThe high interindividual variability in the clearance of riluzole is potentially attributable to variability of CYP1A2. The clinical implications are not known.AccumulationApproximately 2-foldMetabolismFraction metabolized (% dose)At least 88%Primary metabolic pathway(s) [in vitro]oOxidation: CYP1A2oDirect and sequential glucoronidation: UGT-HP4Active MetabolitesSome metabolites appear pharmacologically active in vitro, but the clinical implications are not known.ExcretionPrimary elimination pathways (% dose)oFeces: 5%oUrine: 90% (2% unchanged riluzole)Specific PopulationsHepatic ImpairmentCompared with healthy volunteers, the AUC of riluzole was approximately 1.7-fold greater in patients with mild chronic hepatic impairment (CP score A) and approximately 3-fold greater in patients with moderate chronic hepatic impairment (CP score B). The pharmacokinetics of riluzole have not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (CP score C) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].RaceThe clearance of riluzole was 50% lower in male Japanese subjects than in Caucasian subjects, after normalizing for body weight [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].GenderThe mean AUC of riluzole was approximately 45% higher in female patients than male patients.SmokersThe clearance of riluzole in tobacco smokers was 20% greater than in nonsmokers.Geriatric Patients and Patients with Moderate to Severe Renal ImpairmentAge 65 years or older and moderate to severe renal impairment do not have meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of riluzole. The pharmacokinetics of riluzole in patients undergoing hemodialysis are unknown.Drug Interaction StudiesDrugs Highly Bound to Plasma ProteinsRiluzole and warfarin are highly bound to plasma proteins. In vitro, riluzole did not show any displacement of warfarin from plasma proteins. Riluzole binding to plasma proteins was unaffected by warfarin, digoxin, imipramine and quinine at high therapeutic concentrations in vitro.. o12 hours (CV=35%). oThe high interindividual variability in the clearance of riluzole is potentially attributable to variability of CYP1A2. The clinical implications are not known.. oOxidation: CYP1A2. oDirect and sequential glucoronidation: UGT-HP4. oFeces: 5%. oUrine: 90% (2% unchanged riluzole).

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES The efficacy of EXSERVAN is based upon relative bioavailability and food-effect study in healthy subjects comparing oral riluzole tablets to EXSERVAN oral film [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].The efficacy of riluzole was demonstrated in two studies (Study and 2) that evaluated riluzole tablets 50 mg twice daily in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both studies included patients with either familial or sporadic ALS, disease duration of less than years, and baseline forced vital capacity greater than or equal to 60% of normal.Study was randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study that enrolled 155 patients with ALS. Patients were randomized to receive riluzole tablets 50 mg twice daily (n=77) or placebo (n=78) and were followed for at least 13 months (up to maximum duration of 18 months). The clinical outcome measure was time to tracheostomy or death.The time to tracheostomy or death was longer for patients receiving riluzole tablets compared to placebo. There was an early increase in survival in patients receiving riluzole tablets compared to placebo. Figure displays the survival curves for time to death or tracheostomy. The vertical axis represents the proportion of individuals alive without tracheostomy at various times following treatment initiation (horizontal axis). Although these survival curves were not statistically significantly different when evaluated by the analysis specified in the study protocol (Logrank test p=0.12), the difference was found to be significant by another appropriate analysis (Wilcoxon test p=0.05). As seen in Figure 1, the study showed an early increase in survival in patients given riluzole tablets. Among the patients in whom the endpoint of tracheostomy or death was reached during the study, the difference in median survival between the riluzole tablets 50 mg twice daily and placebo groups was approximately 90 days.Figure 1. Time to Tracheostomy or Death in ALS Patients in Study (Kaplan-Meier Curves) Study was randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study that enrolled 959 patients with ALS. Patients were randomized to riluzole tablets 50 mg twice daily (n=236) or placebo (n=242) and were followed for at least 12 months (up to maximum duration of 18 months). The clinical outcome measure was time to tracheostomy or death.The time to tracheostomy or death was longer for patients receiving riluzole tablets compared to placebo. Figure displays the survival curves for time to death or tracheostomy for patients randomized to either riluzole tablets 100 mg per day or placebo. Although these survival curves were not statistically significantly different when evaluated by the analysis specified in the study protocol (Logrank test p=0.076), the difference was found to be significant by another appropriate analysis (Wilcoxon test p=0.05). Not displayed in Figure are the results of riluzole tablets 50 mg per day (one-half of the recommended daily dose), which could not be statistically distinguished from placebo, or the results of riluzole tablets 200 mg per day (two times the recommended daily dose), which were not distinguishable from the 100 mg per day results. Among the patients in whom the endpoint of tracheostomy or death was reached during the study, the difference in median survival between riluzole tablets and placebo was approximately 60 days.Although riluzole tablets improved survival in both studies, measures of muscle strength and neurological function did not show benefit.Figure 2. Time to Tracheostomy or Death in ALS Patients in Study (Kaplan-Meier Curves) Figure 1. Figure 2.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION oRecommended dosage: 50 mg twice daily, taken at least hour before or hours after meal (2.1)oMeasure serum aminotransferases before and during treatment (2.2, 5.1). oRecommended dosage: 50 mg twice daily, taken at least hour before or hours after meal (2.1). oMeasure serum aminotransferases before and during treatment (2.2, 5.1). 2.1 Dosage Information The recommended dosage for EXSERVAN is 50 mg taken orally twice daily. EXSERVAN should be taken at least hour before or hours after meal [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. 2.2 Monitoring to Assess Safety Measure serum aminotransferases before and during treatment with EXSERVAN [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].. 2.3 Important Administration Instructions Instruct patients and/or caregivers to read the Instruction for Use carefully for complete directions on how to properly dose and administer EXSERVAN oral films.Apply EXSERVAN on top of the tongue where it adheres and dissolves. Do not cut or split the film.Do not administer with liquids. As the film dissolves, saliva should be swallowed in normal manner, but the patient should refrain from chewing, spitting or talking.Only one oral film should be taken at time.

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS oStrong to moderate CYP1A2 inhibitors: Coadministration may increase EXSERVAN-associated adverse reactions (7.1) oStrong to moderate CYP1A2 inducers: Coadministration may result in decreased efficacy (7.2) oHepatotoxic drugs: EXSERVAN-treated patients that take other hepatotoxic drugs may be at increased risk for hepatotoxicity (7.3). oStrong to moderate CYP1A2 inhibitors: Coadministration may increase EXSERVAN-associated adverse reactions (7.1) oStrong to moderate CYP1A2 inducers: Coadministration may result in decreased efficacy (7.2) oHepatotoxic drugs: EXSERVAN-treated patients that take other hepatotoxic drugs may be at increased risk for hepatotoxicity (7.3). 7.1 Agents that may Increase Riluzole Blood Concentrations CYP1A2 InhibitorsCo-administration of EXSERVAN (a CYP1A substrate) with CYP1A2 inhibitors was not evaluated in clinical trial; however, in vitro findings suggest an increase in riluzole exposure is likely.The concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fluvoxamine, methoxsalen, mexiletine, oral contraceptives, thiabendazole, vemurafenib, zileuton) with EXSERVAN may increase the risk of EXSERVAN-associated adverse reactions [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. 7.2 Agents that may Decrease Riluzole Plasma Concentrations CYP1A2 InducersCo-administration of EXSERVAN (a CYP1A substrate) with CYP1A2 inducers was not evaluated in clinical trial; however, in vitro findings suggest decrease in riluzole exposure is likely. Lower exposures may result in decreased efficacy [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. 7.3 Hepatotoxic Drugs Clinical trials in ALS patients excluded patients on concomitant medications which were potentially hepatotoxic (e.g., allopurinol, methyldopa, sulfasalazine). EXSERVAN-treated patients who take other hepatotoxic drugs may be at an increased risk for hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise patients to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Instructions for Use).Administration InstructionsInstruct patients to place EXSERVAN on the top of the tongue where it will adhere and dissolve. Do not cut or split the film. Advise patients to not administer liquid, but saliva should be swallowed in normal manner. Instruct patients to not chew, spit, or talk while EXSERVAN is dissolving.Hepatic InjuryAdvise patients that EXSERVAN can cause liver injury, which can be fatal. Inform patients of the clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction (e.g., unexplained nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or jaundice and/or dark urine) and to contact healthcare provider promptly if these signs or symptoms occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].NeutropeniaAdvise patients that EXSERVAN can cause neutropenia, and to report to their healthcare provider if they have fever [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].Interstitial Lung DiseaseAdvise patients that EXSERVAN can cause interstitial lung disease, and to report to their healthcare provider if they have respiratory symptoms (e.g., dry cough and difficult or labored breathing) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].PregnancyAdvise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during EXSERVAN therapy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].Lactation Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are breastfeeding or intend to breastfeed during EXSERVAN therapy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility CarcinogenesisRiluzole was not carcinogenic in mice or rats when administered for years at daily oral doses up to 20 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, which are approximately equal to the recommended human daily dose (RHDD, 100 mg) on mg/m2 basis.MutagenesisRiluzole was negative in in vitro (bacterial reverse mutation (Ames), mouse lymphoma tk, chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes), and in vivo (rat cytogenetic and mouse micronucleus) assays.N-hydroxyriluzole, the major active metabolite of riluzole, was positive for clastogenicity in the in vitro mouse lymphoma tk assay and in the in vitro micronucleus assay using the same mouse lymphoma cell line. N-hydroxyriluzole was negative in the HPRT gene mutation assay, the Ames assay (with and without rat or hamster S9), the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes, and the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.Impairment of FertilityWhen riluzole (3, 8, or 15 mg/kg) was administered orally to male and female rats prior to and during mating and continuing in females throughout gestation and lactation, fertility indices were decreased and embryolethality was increased at the high dose. This dose was also associated with maternal toxicity. The mid dose, no-effect dose for effects on fertility and early embryonic development, is approximately equal to the RHDD on mg/m2 basis.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Carton Label Carton Label NDC 70510-2201-2Exservan(TM)(riluzole)oral film50 mgPlace film on top of tongueuntil film dissolvesMitsubishi Tanabe PharmaAmericaRx Only60 Pouches each containing1 Oral FilmEach Film Contains: 50 mg riluzoleHOW TO USE: Place film on top of tongue. Keep in place until filmdissolves. Do not administer with liquids. Take only as directed byphysician. See Instructions for Use for further instructions.Recommended Dosage: See prescribing information.KEEP THIS AND ALL DRUGS OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENStore at 20C to 25C (68F to 77F); excursions permitted to15C to 30C (59F to 86F) (see USP Controlled RoomTemperature). Protect from bright light.Keep product in foil pouch until ready to use.Manufactured by: Aquestive TherapeuticsDistributed by: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America,Jersey City, NJ 07310GTIN 00370510220121LOT ANNAANNNEXP MMM YYYYSN 123456789012. Principal Display Panel Carton Label.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics A pharmacokinetic study in healthy adult subjects under fasting conditions at 50 mg dose level demonstrated similar bioavailability for riluzole from EXSERVAN and riluzole tablets. Table displays the pharmacokinetic parameters of riluzole.Table 2. Pharmacokinetics of Riluzole1 Unless otherwise stated, information in this table is based on pharmacokinetic studies of riluzole tablets Information specific to EXSERVANAbsorptionBioavailability (oral)Approximately 60%Dose ProportionalityLinear over dose range of 25 mg to 100 mg every 12 hours (1/2 to times the recommended dosage)Food effect2 AUC 15% and Cmax 45% (high fat meal)Time to peak plasma concentration (Median)2 Under fasted state: hour; and under fed state (high-fat meal): 1.5 hoursDistributionPlasma Protein Binding96% (Mainly to albumin and lipoproteins)EliminationElimination half-lifeo12 hours (CV=35%)oThe high interindividual variability in the clearance of riluzole is potentially attributable to variability of CYP1A2. The clinical implications are not known.AccumulationApproximately 2-foldMetabolismFraction metabolized (% dose)At least 88%Primary metabolic pathway(s) [in vitro]oOxidation: CYP1A2oDirect and sequential glucoronidation: UGT-HP4Active MetabolitesSome metabolites appear pharmacologically active in vitro, but the clinical implications are not known.ExcretionPrimary elimination pathways (% dose)oFeces: 5%oUrine: 90% (2% unchanged riluzole)Specific PopulationsHepatic ImpairmentCompared with healthy volunteers, the AUC of riluzole was approximately 1.7-fold greater in patients with mild chronic hepatic impairment (CP score A) and approximately 3-fold greater in patients with moderate chronic hepatic impairment (CP score B). The pharmacokinetics of riluzole have not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (CP score C) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].RaceThe clearance of riluzole was 50% lower in male Japanese subjects than in Caucasian subjects, after normalizing for body weight [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].GenderThe mean AUC of riluzole was approximately 45% higher in female patients than male patients.SmokersThe clearance of riluzole in tobacco smokers was 20% greater than in nonsmokers.Geriatric Patients and Patients with Moderate to Severe Renal ImpairmentAge 65 years or older and moderate to severe renal impairment do not have meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of riluzole. The pharmacokinetics of riluzole in patients undergoing hemodialysis are unknown.Drug Interaction StudiesDrugs Highly Bound to Plasma ProteinsRiluzole and warfarin are highly bound to plasma proteins. In vitro, riluzole did not show any displacement of warfarin from plasma proteins. Riluzole binding to plasma proteins was unaffected by warfarin, digoxin, imipramine and quinine at high therapeutic concentrations in vitro.. o12 hours (CV=35%). oThe high interindividual variability in the clearance of riluzole is potentially attributable to variability of CYP1A2. The clinical implications are not known.. oOxidation: CYP1A2. oDirect and sequential glucoronidation: UGT-HP4. oFeces: 5%. oUrine: 90% (2% unchanged riluzole).

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary. There are no studies of riluzole in pregnant women, and case reports have been inadequate to inform the drug-associated risk. The background risk for major birth defects and miscarriage in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2- 4% and 15-20%, respectively.In studies in which riluzole was administered orally to pregnant animals, developmental toxicity (decreased embryofetal/offspring viability, growth, and functional development) was observed at clinically relevant doses [see Data]. Based on these results, women should be advised of possible risk to the fetus associated with use of EXSERVAN during pregnancy.. Data. Animal DataOral administration of riluzole (3, 9, or 27 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in decreases in fetal growth (body weight and length) at the high dose. The mid dose, no-effect dose for embryofetal developmental toxicity, is approximately equal to the recommended human daily dose (RHDD, 100 mg) on mg/m2 basis. When riluzole was administered orally (3, 10, or 60 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis, embryofetal mortality was increased at the high dose and fetal body weight was decreased and morphological variations increased at all but the lowest dose tested. The no-effect dose (3 mg/kg/day) for embryofetal developmental toxicity is less than the RHDD on mg/m2 basis. Maternal toxicity was observed at the highest dose tested in rat and rabbit.When riluzole was orally administered (3, 8, or 15 mg/kg/day) to male and female rats prior to and during mating and to female rats throughout gestation and lactation, increased embryofetal mortality and decreased postnatal offspring viability, growth, and functional development were observed at the high dose. The mid dose, no-effect dose for pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity, is approximately equal to the RHDD on mg/m2 basis.

SPL PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT SECTION.

Patient Package Insert Instructions for Use EXSERVAN(TM)(ex-ser-van) (riluzole) oral filmRead this Instructions for Use before you start using EXSERVAN and each time you get refill. There may be new information. The information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any questions about how to use EXSERVAN the right way.Important Information for Patient and Caregiver:oDo not take EXSERVAN until:oyou have read and understand these instructions.oyou have reviewed the steps with your healthcare provider on how to take it.oyou know the right time, how often, and the dose to take.oyou feel comfortable with how to use EXSERVAN.oIf you are not sure about giving treatment or when to give treatment, call your healthcare provider before using EXSERVAN. oEXSERVAN should be taken at least one hour before or two hours after meal. How should store EXSERVANoStore EXSERVAN at room temperature between 68F to 77F (20C to 25C).oKeep EXSERVAN in the foil pouch until you are ready to use. Use right away after opening foil pouch. Do not cut or split the filmoProtect from bright light.oAny films that were spit out or not used after opening should be flushed down the toilet or placed in sink and rinsed with water until film is no longer visible.oKeep EXSERVAN and all medicines out of the reach of children.Step 1. Before Giving EXSERVANoEnsure hands are clean and dry before handling EXSERVAN so the film does not stick to your fingers.oCheck expiration date printed on foil pouch before use as shown in Figure.Do not use EXSERVAN if expired.Step 2. Open PouchoFold foil pouch along solid line at top as shown in Figure 2. oWhile keeping top of pouch folded over at solid line, tear down at the slit along the arrow on the side of the pouch to open.Step 3. Remove FilmoRemove EXSERVAN film from foil pouch. Each pouch contains one dose of EXSERVAN.Step 4. Place Film on TongueoPlace EXSERVAN film on top of the tongue as shown in Figure 4. The film will stick to the tongue and begin to dissolve.Step 5. Close Mouth and Swallow Saliva NormallyoClose mouth as shown in Figure and swallow saliva normally as EXSERVAN dissolves.oDo not take EXSERVAN with liquids oDo not chew, spit or talk while EXSERVAN dissolves.oWash your hands after handling EXSERVAN.oThrow away the empty foil pouch in the regular trash.Manufactured by:Aquestive Therapeutics Warren, NJ 07059Distributed by:Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Inc. Jersey City, NJ 07310For more information or support about EXSERVAN: Call 1-888-292-0058.This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[126636] Revision Date: 04/2021. oDo not take EXSERVAN until:oyou have read and understand these instructions.oyou have reviewed the steps with your healthcare provider on how to take it.oyou know the right time, how often, and the dose to take.oyou feel comfortable with how to use EXSERVAN.oIf you are not sure about giving treatment or when to give treatment, call your healthcare provider before using EXSERVAN. oEXSERVAN should be taken at least one hour before or two hours after meal. oyou have read and understand these instructions.. oyou have reviewed the steps with your healthcare provider on how to take it.. oyou know the right time, how often, and the dose to take.. oyou feel comfortable with how to use EXSERVAN.oIf you are not sure about giving treatment or when to give treatment, call your healthcare provider before using EXSERVAN. oEXSERVAN should be taken at least one hour before or two hours after meal.. oIf you are not sure about giving treatment or when to give treatment, call your healthcare provider before using EXSERVAN. oEXSERVAN should be taken at least one hour before or two hours after meal.. oStore EXSERVAN at room temperature between 68F to 77F (20C to 25C).. oKeep EXSERVAN in the foil pouch until you are ready to use. Use right away after opening foil pouch. Do not cut or split the film. oProtect from bright light.. oAny films that were spit out or not used after opening should be flushed down the toilet or placed in sink and rinsed with water until film is no longer visible.. oKeep EXSERVAN and all medicines out of the reach of children.. oEnsure hands are clean and dry before handling EXSERVAN so the film does not stick to your fingers.. oCheck expiration date printed on foil pouch before use as shown in Figure.Do not use EXSERVAN if expired.. oFold foil pouch along solid line at top as shown in Figure 2. oWhile keeping top of pouch folded over at solid line, tear down at the slit along the arrow on the side of the pouch to open.. oRemove EXSERVAN film from foil pouch. Each pouch contains one dose of EXSERVAN.. oPlace EXSERVAN film on top of the tongue as shown in Figure 4. The film will stick to the tongue and begin to dissolve.. oClose mouth as shown in Figure and swallow saliva normally as EXSERVAN dissolves.. oDo not take EXSERVAN with liquids oDo not chew, spit or talk while EXSERVAN dissolves.. oWash your hands after handling EXSERVAN.. oThrow away the empty foil pouch in the regular trash.. IFU Figure 1. IFU Figure 2. IFU Figure 3. IFU Figure 4. IFU Figure 5.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS oHepatic injury: Use of EXSERVAN is not recommended in patients with baseline elevations of serum aminotransferases greater than times upper limit of normal; discontinue EXSERVAN if there is evidence of liver dysfunction (5.1)oNeutropenia: Advise patients to report any febrile illness (5.2)oInterstitial lung disease: Discontinue EXSERVAN if interstitial lung disease develops (5.3). oHepatic injury: Use of EXSERVAN is not recommended in patients with baseline elevations of serum aminotransferases greater than times upper limit of normal; discontinue EXSERVAN if there is evidence of liver dysfunction (5.1). oNeutropenia: Advise patients to report any febrile illness (5.2). oInterstitial lung disease: Discontinue EXSERVAN if interstitial lung disease develops (5.3). 5.1 Hepatic Injury EXSERVAN can cause liver injury. Cases of drug-induced liver injury, some of which were fatal, have been reported in patients taking riluzole. Asymptomatic elevations of hepatic transaminases have also been reported, and in some patients have recurred upon rechallenge with riluzole.In clinical studies, the incidence of elevations in hepatic transaminases was greater in riluzole- treated patients than in placebo-treated patients. The incidence of elevations of ALT above times the upper limit of normal (ULN) was 2% in riluzole-treated patients. Maximum increases in ALT occurred within months after starting riluzole. About 50% and 8% of riluzole-treated patients in pooled controlled efficacy studies (Studies and 2) had at least one elevated ALT level above ULN and above times ULN, respectively [see Clinical Studies (14)].Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hepatic injury, every month for the first months of treatment, and periodically thereafter. The use of EXSERVAN is not recommended if patients develop hepatic transaminases levels greater than times the ULN. Discontinue EXSERVAN if there is evidence of liver dysfunction (e.g., elevated bilirubin). Concomitant use with other hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk for hepatotoxicity [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].. 5.2 Neutropenia EXSERVAN can cause neutropenia. Cases of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count less than 500 per mm3) within the first months of riluzole treatment have been reported. Advise patients to report febrile illnesses.. 5.3 Interstitial Lung Disease EXSERVAN can cause interstitial lung disease, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Discontinue EXSERVAN immediately if interstitial lung disease develops.