ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

ADVERSE REACTIONS. Clinical Adverse Experience Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema is usually well tolerated. Most adverse effects have been mild and transient.ADVERSE REACTIONS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN 0.1% OF MESALAMINE RECTAL SUSPENSION ENEMA TREATED PATIENTS (COMPARISON TO PLACEBO) SYMPTOMMESALAMINE RECTAL SUSPENSION ENEMA = 815 PLACEBO = 128 %N% Abdominal Pain/Cramps/Discomfort 66 8.10 10 7.81 Headache 53 6.50 16 12.50 Gas/Flatulence 50 6.13 3.91 Nausea 47 5.77 12 9.38 Flu 43 5.28 0.78 Tired/Weak/Malaise/Fatigue 28 3.44 6.25 Fever 26 3.19 0.00 Rash/Spots 23 2.82 3.12 Cold/Sore Throat 19 2.33 7.03 Diarrhea 17 2.09 3.91 Leg/Joint Pain 17 2.09 0.78 Dizziness 15 1.84 2.34 Bloating 12 1.47 1.56 Back Pain 11 1.35 0.78 Pain on Insertion of Enema Tip 11 1.35 0.78 Hemorrhoids 11 1.35 0.00 Itching 10 1.23 0.78 Rectal Pain 10 1.23 0.00 Constipation 0.98 3.12 Hair Loss 0.86 0.00 Peripheral Edema 0.61 11 8.59 UTI/Urinary Burning 0.61 3.12 Rectal Pain/Soreness/Burning 0.61 2.34 Asthenia 0.12 3.12 Insomnia 0.12 2.34In addition, the following adverse events have been identified during post-approval use of products which contain (or are metabolized to) mesalamine in clinical practice: nephrotoxicity, pancreatitis, fibrosing alveolitis, elevated liver enzymes, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, intracranial hypertension and nephrolithiasis. Cases of pancreatitis and fibrosing alveolitis have been reported as manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease as well.Published case reports and/or spontaneous post marketing surveillance have described rare instances of aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, oligospermia, and infertility in men. Anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis can be part of the clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease. Postmarketing cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SJS/TEN, DRESS, and AGEP) and pleurisy/pleuritis have been reported. Hair Loss Mild hair loss characterized by more hair in the comb but no withdrawal from clinical trials has been observed in of 815 mesalamine patients but none of the placebo-treated patients. In the literature there are at least six additional patients with mild hair loss who received either mesalamine or sulfasalazine. Retreatment is not always associated with repeated hair loss.Postmarketing ExperienceThe following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of mesalamine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure. Renal Disorders Urine discoloration occurring ex-vivo caused by contact of mesalamine including inactive metabolite, with surfaces or water treated with hypochlorite containing bleach (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients).

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Mesalamine caused no increase in the incidence of neoplastic lesions over controls in 2-year study of Wistar rats fed up to 320 mg/kg/day of mesalamine admixed with diet. Mesalamine is not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538. There were no reverse mutations in an assay using E. coli strain WP2UVRA. There were no effects in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at 600 mg/kg and in an in vivo sister chromatid exchange at doses up to 610 mg/kg. No effects on fertility were observed in rats receiving up to 320 mg/kg/day. The oligospermia and infertility in men associated with sulfasalazine has very rarely been reported among patients treated with mesalamine.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Each Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema delivers up to g of mesalamine to the left side of the colon.The mechanism of action of mesalamine (and sulfasalazine) is not fully understood, but appears to be topical anti-inflammatory effect on colonic epithelial cells. Mucosal production of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, both through the cyclooxygenase pathways, i.e., prostanoids, and through the lipoxygenase pathways, i.e., leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) is increased in patients with ulcerative colitis, and it is possible that mesalamine diminishes inflammation by blocking cyclooxygenase and inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) production in the colon.Preclinical Toxicology Preclinical studies have shown the kidney to be the major target organ for mesalamine toxicity. Adverse renal function changes were observed in rats after single 600 mg/kg oral dose, but not after 200 mg/kg dose. Gross kidney lesions, including papillary necrosis, were observed after single oral >900 mg/kg dose, and after I.V. doses of >214 mg/kg. Mice responded similarly. In 13-week oral (gavage) dose study in rats, the high dose of 640 mg/kg/day mesalamine caused deaths, probably due to renal failure, and dose-related renal lesions (papillary necrosis and/or multifocal tubular injury) were seen in most rats given the high dose (males and females) as well as in males receiving lower doses 160 mg/kg/day. Renal lesions were not observed in the 160 mg/kg/day female rats. Minimal tubular epithelial damage was seen in the 40 mg/kg/day males and was reversible. In six-month oral study in dogs, the no-observable dose level of mesalamine was 40 mg/kg/day and doses of 80 mg/kg/day and higher caused renal pathology similar to that described for the rat. In combined 52-week toxicity and 127-week carcinogenicity study in rats, degeneration in kidneys was observed at doses of 100 mg/kg/day and above admixed with diet for 52 weeks, and at 127 weeks increased incidence of kidney degeneration and hyalinization of basement membranes and Bowmans capsule were seen at 100 mg/kg/day and above. In the 12-month eye toxicity study in dogs, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) occurred at oral doses of 40 mg/kg/day and above. The oral preclinical studies were done with highly bioavailable suspension where absorption throughout the gastrointestinal tract occurred. The human dose of grams represents approximately 80 mg/kg but when mesalamine is given rectally as suspension, absorption is poor and limited to the distal colon (see Pharmacokinetics). Overt renal toxicity has not been observed (see ADVERSE REACTIONS and PRECAUTIONS), but the potential must be considered.Pharmacokinetics Mesalamine administered rectally as Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema is poorly absorbed from the colon and is excreted principally in the feces during subsequent bowel movements. The extent of absorption is dependent upon the retention time of the drug product, and there is considerable individual variation. At steady state, approximately 10 to 30% of the daily 4-gram dose can be recovered in cumulative 24-hour urine collections. Other than the kidney, the organ distribution and other bioavailability characteristics of absorbed mesalamine in man are not known. It is known that the compound undergoes acetylation but whether this process takes place at colonic or systemic sites has not been elucidated.Whatever the metabolic site, most of the absorbed mesalamine is excreted in the urine as the N-acetyl-5-ASA metabolite. The poor colonic absorption of rectally administered mesalamine is substantiated by the low serum concentration of 5-ASA and N-acetyl-5-ASA seen in ulcerative colitis patients after dosage with mesalamine. Under clinical conditions patients demonstrated plasma levels 10 to 12 hours post mesalamine administration of ug/mL, about two-thirds of which was the N-acetyl metabolite. While the elimination half-life of mesalamine is short (0.5 to 1.5 h), the acetylated metabolite exhibits half-life of to 10 hours [U. Klotz, Clin. Pharmacokin. 10:285-302 (1985)]. In addition, steady state plasma levels demonstrated lack of accumulation of either free or metabolized drug during repeated daily administrations.Efficacy In placebo-controlled, international, multicenter trial of 153 patients with active distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis or proctitis, Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema reduced the overall disease activity index (DAI) and individual components as follows: EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON SEVERITY OF DISEASE DATA FROM U.S.-CANADATRIAL COMBINED RESULTS OF EIGHT CENTERS Activity Indices, mean Baseline Day 22 End Point Change Baseline to End PointOverall DAI Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema76 7.42 4.05+ 3.37 -55.07% Placebo77 7.40 6.03 5.83 -21.58%Stool Frequency Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema 1.58 1.11 1.01+ -0.57 Placebo 1.92 1.47 1.50 -0.41Rectal Bleeding Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema 1.82 0.59 0.51 -1.30 Placebo 1.73 1.21 1.11 -0.61Mucosal Inflammation Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema 2.17 1.22+ 0.96 -1.21+ Placebo 2.18 1.74 1.61 -0.56Physicians Assessment of Disease Severity Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema 1.86 1.13 0.88 -0.97 Placebo 1.87 1.62 1.55 -0.30Each parameter has 4-point scale with numerical rating:0 normal, = mild, = moderate, = severe. The four parameters are added together to produce maximum overall DAI of 12. Percent change for overall DAI only (calculated by taking the average of the change for each individual patient).+ Significant Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP/placebo difference. < 0.01 Significant Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP/placebo difference. < 0.001 Significant Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP/placebo difference. < 0.05Differences between Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema and placebo were also statistically different in subgroups of patients on concurrent sulfasalazine and in those having an upper disease boundary between and 20 or 20 and 40 cm. Significant differences between Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema and placebo were not achieved in those subgroups of patients on concurrent prednisone or with an upper disease boundary between 40 and 50 cm.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

CONTRAINDICATIONS. Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema is contraindicated in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to salicylates, aminosalicylates, sulfites or any other component of this medication.

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

DESCRIPTION. The active ingredient in Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP Enema, disposable (60 mL) unit, is mesalamine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Chemically, mesalamine is 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.The empirical formula is C7H7NO3, representing molecular weight of 153.14. The structural formula is:Each rectal suspension enema unit contains grams of mesalamine. In addition to mesalamine the preparation contains the inactive ingredients carbomer 934P, edetate disodium, potassium acetate, potassium metabisulfite, purified water and xanthan gum. Sodium benzoate is added as preservative. The disposable unit consists of an applicator tip protected by polyethylene cover and lubricated with USP white petrolatum. The unit has one-way valve to prevent back flow of the dispensed product.. str.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

DOSAGE ADMINISTRATION. The recommended adult dosage of Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema in 60 mL units is one rectal instillation (4 grams) once day, preferably at bedtime, and retained for approximately eight hours. While the effect of Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema may be seen within to 21 days, the usual course of therapy would be from to weeks depending on symptoms and sigmoidoscopic findings. Studies available to date have not assessed if Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema will modify relapse rates after the 6-week short-term treatment. Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema is for rectal use only.Drink an adequate amount of fluids during treatment.Patients should be instructed to shake the bottle well to make sure the suspension is homogeneous. The patient should remove the protective sheath from the applicator tip. Holding the bottle at the neck will not cause any of the medication to be discharged. The position most often used is obtained by lying on the left side (to facilitate migration into the sigmoid colon); with the lower leg extended and the upper right leg flexed forward for balance. An alternative is the knee-chest position. The applicator tip should be gently inserted in the rectum pointing toward the umbilicus. steady squeezing of the bottle will discharge most of the preparation. The preparation should be taken at bedtime with the objective of retaining it all night. Patient instructions are included with every seven units.

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

Drug Interactions. Nephrotoxic Agents, Including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs The concurrent use of mesalamine with known nephrotoxic agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitor patients taking nephrotoxic drugs for changes in renal function and mesalamine-related adverse reactions.Azathioprine or 6-Mercaptopurine The concurrent use of mesalamine with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine and/or any other drugs known to cause myelotoxicity may increase the risk for blood disorders, bone marrow failure, and associated complications. If concomitant use of Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema and azathioprine or 6--mercaptopurine cannot be avoided, monitor blood tests, including complete blood cell counts and platelet counts.

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

Geriatric Use. Clinical trials of Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Reports from uncontrolled clinical studies and postmarketing reporting systems suggested higher incidence of blood dyscrasias (i.e., agranulocytosis, neutropenia and pancytopenia) in patients receiving mesalamine-containing products such as Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema who were 65 years or older compared to younger patients, which may also be associated with ulcerative colitis, use of interacting drugs, or reduced renal function. Consider monitoring complete blood cell counts and platelet counts in elderly patients during treatment with Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema, especially if used concomitantly with anticoagulants. In general, consider the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concurrent disease or other drug therapy in elderly patients when prescribing Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema.To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Encube Ethicals Private Limited. at 1-833-285-4151 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

HOW SUPPLIED. Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP Enema for rectal administration is an off-white to tan colored suspension. Each disposable enema bottle contains grams of mesalamine in 60 mL aqueous suspension. Enema bottles are supplied in boxed, foil-wrapped trays as follows: NDC 21922-045-47..................Carton of BottlesNDC 21922-045-49..................Carton of 28 Bottles Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP Enemas are for rectal use only.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN Patient instructions are included.Storage Store at 20o to 25oC (68o to 77oF); excursions permitted to 15 to 30C (59 to 86F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Once the foil wrapped unit of seven bottles is opened, all enemas should be used promptly as directed by your physician. Contents of enemas removed from the foil pouch may darken with time. Slight darkening will not affect potency, however, enemas with dark brown contents should be discarded. NOTE: Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema will cause staining of direct contact surfaces, including but not limited to fabrics, flooring, painted surfaces, marble, granite, vinyl, and enamel. Take care in choosing suitable location for administration of this product. Rx only Made in Sweden, formulated in India.Rev: 12/23Manufactured by:Encube Ethicals Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. C1, Madkaim Industrial Estate, Madkaim, Post: Mardol, Ponda, Goa 403 404, India.Distributed by: Encube Ethicals, Inc. 200 Meredith Drive, Suite 202, Durham, North Carolina (NC) 27713, United States. For Medical Inquiries, Call Toll Free: 1-833-285-4151.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

INDICATIONS USAGE. Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema is indicated for the treatment of active mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis or proctitis in adults.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

Infromation for Patients. Urine Discoloration Advise patients that urine may become discolored reddish-brown while taking Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema when it comes in contact with surfaces or water treated with hypochlorite containing bleach. If discolored urine is observed, advise patients to observe their urine flow. Report to the healthcare provider only if urine is discolored on leaving the body, before contact with any surface or water (e.g., in the toilet).

NURSING MOTHERS SECTION.

Nursing Mothers. It is not known whether mesalamine or its metabolite(s) are excreted in human milk. As general rule, nursing should not be undertaken while patient is on drug since many drugs are excreted in human milk.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

OVERDOSAGE. Mesalamine absorption from the colon is limited; however, Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema is an aminosalicylate, and symptoms of salicylate toxicity include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, tachypnea, hyperpnea, tinnitus, and neurologic symptoms (headache, dizziness, confusion, seizures). Severe salicylate intoxication may lead to electrolyte and blood pH imbalance and potentially to other organ (e.g., renal and liver) involvement. There is no specific antidote for mesalamine overdose. Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance by the administration of appropriate intravenous therapy and maintain adequate renal function.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. CARTON LABELNDC 21922-045-47Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP Enema g/60mL, KIT FOR RECTAL USE ONLY7x60 mL Unit-Dose Bottles packRx only CARTON LABELNDC 21922-045-49Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP Enema g/60mL, KIT FOR RECTAL USE ONLY28x60 mL Unit-Dose Bottles 28 packRx onlyCONTAINER LABEL 60mlNDC 21922-045-01Mesalamine Rectal Suspension, USP Enema g/60mL, FOR RECTAL USE ONLYRx only. carton-7. carton-28. cnt-label.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

PRECAUTIONS. Hepatic Failure. There have been reports of hepatic failure in patients with pre-existing liver disease who have been administered other products containing mesalamine. Evaluate the risks and benefits of using Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema in patients with known liver impairment.. Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) have been reported with the use of mesalamine (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Discontinue Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation.. Photosensitivity. Patients with pre-existing skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and atopic eczema have reported more severe photosensitivity reactions. Advise patients to avoid sun exposure, wear protective clothing, and use broad-spectrum sunscreen when outdoors.. Nephrolithiasis. Cases of nephrolithiasis have been reported with the use of mesalamine, including stones with 100% mesalamine content. Mesalamine-containing stones are radiotransparent and undetectable by standard radiography or computed tomography (CT). Ensure adequate hydration during treatment.. Infromation for Patients. Urine Discoloration Advise patients that urine may become discolored reddish-brown while taking Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema when it comes in contact with surfaces or water treated with hypochlorite containing bleach. If discolored urine is observed, advise patients to observe their urine flow. Report to the healthcare provider only if urine is discolored on leaving the body, before contact with any surface or water (e.g., in the toilet).. Interference with Laboratory Tests. Use of mesalamine may lead to spuriously elevated test results when measuring urinary normetanephrine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection because of the similarity in the chromatograms of normetanephrine and mesalamines main metabolite, N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (N-Ac-5-ASA). Consider an alternative, selective assay for normetanephrine.. Drug Interactions. Nephrotoxic Agents, Including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs The concurrent use of mesalamine with known nephrotoxic agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitor patients taking nephrotoxic drugs for changes in renal function and mesalamine-related adverse reactions.Azathioprine or 6-Mercaptopurine The concurrent use of mesalamine with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine and/or any other drugs known to cause myelotoxicity may increase the risk for blood disorders, bone marrow failure, and associated complications. If concomitant use of Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema and azathioprine or 6--mercaptopurine cannot be avoided, monitor blood tests, including complete blood cell counts and platelet counts.. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Mesalamine caused no increase in the incidence of neoplastic lesions over controls in 2-year study of Wistar rats fed up to 320 mg/kg/day of mesalamine admixed with diet. Mesalamine is not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538. There were no reverse mutations in an assay using E. coli strain WP2UVRA. There were no effects in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at 600 mg/kg and in an in vivo sister chromatid exchange at doses up to 610 mg/kg. No effects on fertility were observed in rats receiving up to 320 mg/kg/day. The oligospermia and infertility in men associated with sulfasalazine has very rarely been reported among patients treated with mesalamine.. Pregnancy. Teratologic studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at oral doses up to five and eight times respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, and have revealed no evidence of harm to the embryo or the fetus. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women for either sulfasalazine or 5-ASA. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, 5-ASA should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.. Nursing Mothers. It is not known whether mesalamine or its metabolite(s) are excreted in human milk. As general rule, nursing should not be undertaken while patient is on drug since many drugs are excreted in human milk.. Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.. Geriatric Use. Clinical trials of Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Reports from uncontrolled clinical studies and postmarketing reporting systems suggested higher incidence of blood dyscrasias (i.e., agranulocytosis, neutropenia and pancytopenia) in patients receiving mesalamine-containing products such as Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema who were 65 years or older compared to younger patients, which may also be associated with ulcerative colitis, use of interacting drugs, or reduced renal function. Consider monitoring complete blood cell counts and platelet counts in elderly patients during treatment with Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema, especially if used concomitantly with anticoagulants. In general, consider the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concurrent disease or other drug therapy in elderly patients when prescribing Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema.To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Encube Ethicals Private Limited. at 1-833-285-4151 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

Pregnancy. Teratologic studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at oral doses up to five and eight times respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, and have revealed no evidence of harm to the embryo or the fetus. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women for either sulfasalazine or 5-ASA. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, 5-ASA should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.

Hepatic Failure. There have been reports of hepatic failure in patients with pre-existing liver disease who have been administered other products containing mesalamine. Evaluate the risks and benefits of using Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema in patients with known liver impairment.

WARNINGS SECTION.

WARNINGS. Hypersensitivity ReactionsSulfite-Related Reactions Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema contains potassium metabisulfite, sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown but probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic or in atopic nonasthmatic persons.Epinephrine is the preferred treatment for serious allergic or emergency situations even though epinephrine injection contains sodium or potassium metabisulfite with the above-mentioned potential liabilities. The alternatives to using epinephrine in life-threatening situation may not be satisfactory. The presence of sulfite(s) in epinephrine injection should not deter the administration of the drug for treatment of serious allergic or other emergency situations.Sulfasalazine-Associated Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients taking sulfasalazine. Some patients may have similar reaction to Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema or to other compounds that contain or are converted to mesalamine.As with sulfasalazine, mesalamine-induced hypersensitivity reactions may present as internal organ involvement, including myocarditis, pericarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, pneumonitis and hematologic abnormalities. Evaluate patients immediately if signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction are present. Discontinue Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema if an alternative etiology for the signs and symptoms cannot be established.Renal Impairment Renal impairment, including minimal change disease, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, and renal failure have been reported in patients given products that contain mesalamine or are converted to mesalamine. In animal studies, the kidney was the principal organ of mesalamine toxicity.Evaluate the risks and benefits of using Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema in patients with known renal impairment or history of renal disease or taking concomitant nephrotoxic drugs. Mesalamine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Evaluate renal function in all patients prior to initiation and periodically while on Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema therapy. Discontinue Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema if renal function deteriorates while on therapy.Mesalamine-Induced Acute Intolerance Syndrome Mesalamine has been associated with an acute intolerance syndrome that may be difficult to distinguish from flare of inflammatory bowel disease. Although the exact frequency of occurrence cannot be ascertained, it has occurred in 3% of patients in controlled clinical trials of mesalamine or sulfasalazine. Symptoms include cramping, acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, sometimes fever, headache, and rash. Monitor patients for worsening of these symptoms while on treatment. If acute intolerance syndrome is suspected, promptly discontinue treatment with Mesalamine Rectal Suspension Enema.

ANIMAL PHARMACOLOGY & OR TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology. Preclinical studies have shown the kidney to be the major target organ for mesalamine toxicity. Adverse renal function changes were observed in rats after single 600 mg/kg oral dose, but not after 200 mg/kg dose. Gross kidney lesions, including papillary necrosis, were observed after single oral >900 mg/kg dose, and after I.V. doses of >214 mg/kg. Mice responded similarly. In 13-week oral (gavage) dose study in rats, the high dose of 640 mg/kg/day mesalamine caused deaths, probably due to renal failure, and dose-related renal lesions (papillary necrosis and/or multifocal tubular injury) were seen in most rats given the high dose (males and females) as well as in males receiving lower doses 160 mg/kg/day. Renal lesions were not observed in the 160 mg/kg/day female rats. Minimal tubular epithelial damage was seen in the 40 mg/kg/day males and was reversible. In six-month oral study in dogs, the no-observable dose level of mesalamine was 40 mg/kg/day and doses of 80 mg/kg/day and higher caused renal pathology similar to that described for the rat. In combined 52-week toxicity and 127-week carcinogenicity study in rats, degeneration in kidneys was observed at doses of 100 mg/kg/day and above admixed with diet for 52 weeks, and at 127 weeks increased incidence of kidney degeneration and hyalinization of basement membranes and Bowmans capsule were seen at 100 mg/kg/day and above. In the 12- month eye toxicity study in dogs, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) occurred at oral doses of 40 mg/kg/day and above. The oral preclinical studies were done with highly bioavailable suspension where absorption throughout the gastrointestinal tract occurred.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. In 6-week placebo-controlled trial, international, multicenter trial of 153 patients with active distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis or proctitis, mesalamine rectal suspension enema reduced the overall disease activity index (DAI) and individual components as follows:EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON SEVERITY OF DISEASE DATA FROM U.S.-CANADA TRIAL COMBINED RESULTS OF EIGHT CENTERSActivity Indices, mean NBaselineDay 22End PointChangeBaselineto EndPointOverall DAIMesalamine rectal suspension enema 76 7.42 4.05 3.37 -55.07% Placebo 77 7.40 6.03 5.83 -21.58% Stool FrequencyMesalamine rectal suspension enema 1.58 1.11 1.01+ -0.57 Placebo 1.92 1.47 1.50 -0.41 Rectal BleedingMesalamine rectal suspension enema 1.82 0.59 0.51 -1.30 Placebo 1.73 1.21 1.11 -0.61 Mucosal InflammationMesalamine rectal suspension enema 2.17 1.22+ 0.96 -1.21+ Placebo 2.18 1.74 1.61 -0.56 Physicians Assessment of Disease SeverityMesalamine rectal suspension enema 1.86 1.13 0.88 -0.97 Placebo 1.87 1.62 1.55 -0.30 Each parameter has 4-point scale with numerical rating:0 normal, = mild, = moderate, = severe. The four parameters are added together to produce maximum overall DAI of 12. Percent change for overall DAI only (calculated by taking the average of the change for each individual patient). Significant mesalamine rectal suspension enema /placebo difference. < 0.01 Significant mesalamine rectal suspension enema /placebo difference. < 0.001 Significant mesalamine rectal suspension enema /placebo difference. < 0.05Differences between mesalamine rectal suspension enema and placebo were also statistically different in subgroups of patients on concurrent sulfasalazine and in those having an upper disease boundary between and 20 or 20 and 40 cm. Significant differences between mesalamine rectal suspension enema and placebo were not achieved in those subgroups of patients on concurrent prednisone or with an upper disease boundary between 40 and 50 cm.

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Rectal Suspension: g/60 mL enema bottle; off-white to tan colored suspension. Rectal Suspension: g/60 mL enema bottle (3).

LABOR & DELIVERY SECTION.

8.2 Lactation. Risk Summary Data from published literature report the presence of mesalamine and its metabolite, N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in human milk in small amounts with relative infant doses (RID) of 0.1% or less for mesalamine (see Data). There are case reports of diarrhea observed in breastfed infants exposed to mesalamine (see Clinical Considerations). There is no information on the effects of mesalamine on milk production. The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes clear determination of the risk of mesalamine rectal suspension enema to an infant during lactation; therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for mesalamine rectal suspension enema and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from mesalamine rectal suspension enema or from the underlying maternal condition.Clinical Considerations Advise the caregiver to monitor the breastfed infant for diarrhea.Data In published lactation studies, maternal mesalamine doses from various oral and rectal formulations and products ranged from 500 mg to 4.8 daily. The average concentration of mesalamine in milk ranged from non-detectable to 0.5 mg/L. The average concentration of N-acetyl- 5-aminosalicylic acid in milk ranged from 0.2 to 9.3 mg/L. Based on these concentrations, estimated infant daily dosages for an exclusively breastfed infant are to 0.075 mg/kg/day of mesalamine (RID 0% to 0.1%) and 0.03 to 1.4 mg/kg/day of N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. The mechanism of action of 5-ASA (mesalamine) is not fully understood, but appears to be topical anti-inflammatory effect on colonic epithelial cells. Mucosal production of arachidonic acid metabolites, both through the cyclooxygenase pathways (i.e., prostanoids), and through the lipoxygenase pathways (i.e., leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids) is increased in patients with ulcerative colitis, and it is possible that mesalamine diminishes inflammation by blocking cyclooxygenase and inhibiting prostaglandin production in the colon.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Carcinogenesis In 2-year carcinogenicity study in Wistar rats fed up to 320 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.78 times the maximum recommended human dose, based on body surface area comparison). of mesalamine admixed with diet, mesalamine did not cause an increase in the incidence of neoplastic lesions over controls.Mutagenesis Mesalamine is not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538. There were no reverse mutations in an assay using E. coli strain WP2UVRA. There were no evidence of genotoxicity in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at 600 mg/kg and in an in vivo sister chromatid exchange assay at doses up to 610 mg/kg.Impairment of Fertility Mesalamine had no effects on fertility in rats at doses up to 320 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.78 times the maximum recommended human dose, based on body surface area comparison).. 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology. Preclinical studies have shown the kidney to be the major target organ for mesalamine toxicity. Adverse renal function changes were observed in rats after single 600 mg/kg oral dose, but not after 200 mg/kg dose. Gross kidney lesions, including papillary necrosis, were observed after single oral >900 mg/kg dose, and after I.V. doses of >214 mg/kg. Mice responded similarly. In 13-week oral (gavage) dose study in rats, the high dose of 640 mg/kg/day mesalamine caused deaths, probably due to renal failure, and dose-related renal lesions (papillary necrosis and/or multifocal tubular injury) were seen in most rats given the high dose (males and females) as well as in males receiving lower doses 160 mg/kg/day. Renal lesions were not observed in the 160 mg/kg/day female rats. Minimal tubular epithelial damage was seen in the 40 mg/kg/day males and was reversible. In six-month oral study in dogs, the no-observable dose level of mesalamine was 40 mg/kg/day and doses of 80 mg/kg/day and higher caused renal pathology similar to that described for the rat. In combined 52-week toxicity and 127-week carcinogenicity study in rats, degeneration in kidneys was observed at doses of 100 mg/kg/day and above admixed with diet for 52 weeks, and at 127 weeks increased incidence of kidney degeneration and hyalinization of basement membranes and Bowmans capsule were seen at 100 mg/kg/day and above. In the 12- month eye toxicity study in dogs, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) occurred at oral doses of 40 mg/kg/day and above. The oral preclinical studies were done with highly bioavailable suspension where absorption throughout the gastrointestinal tract occurred.

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The exposure-response relationship and time course of pharmacodynamic response for the safety and effectiveness of mesalamine have not been fully characterized.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. Absorption Mesalamine administered rectally as mesalamine rectal suspension enema is poorly absorbed from the colon and is excreted principally in the feces during subsequent bowel movements. The extent of absorption is dependent upon the retention time of the drug product, and there is considerable individual variation. Under clinical conditions patients demonstrated plasma levels 10 to 12 hours post mesalamine administration of mcg/mL, about two-thirds of which was the N-acetyl metabolite. In addition, steady state plasma levels demonstrated lack of accumulation of either parent drug or N-acetyl metabolite during repeated daily rectal administrations.Distribution Other than the kidney, the organ distribution and other bioavailability characteristics of absorbed mesalamine in man are not known. The poor colonic absorption of rectally administered mesalamine is substantiated by the low serum concentration of 5-ASA and N-acetyl-5-ASA seen in ulcerative colitis patients after dosage with mesalamine.EliminationMetabolism It is known that the compound undergoes acetylation but whether this process takes place at colonic or systemic sites has not been elucidated.ExcretionWhatever the metabolic site, most of the absorbed mesalamine is excreted in the urine as the N- acetyl-5- ASA metabolite. At steady state, approximately 10 to 30% of the daily 4-gram dose can be recovered in cumulative 24-hour urine collections. While the elimination half-life of mesalamine is short (0.5 to 1.5 hours), the acetylated metabolite exhibits half-life of to 10 hours.

SPL PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT SECTION.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE. Mesalamine (me-SAL-a-meen) rectal suspension enemaThis Instructions for Use contains information on how to use mesalamine rectal suspension enema. Read these Instructions for Use that come with your mesalamine rectal suspension enema before you start using it and each time you get refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.How should store mesalamine rectal suspension enema Store mesalamine rectal suspension enema at room temperature between 68F to 77F (20C to 25C). Mesalamine rectal suspension enema is an off white to tan colored suspension. The medicine removed from the foil pouch may darken with time. Slight darkening will not affect how well mesalamine rectal suspension enema works. Throw away mesalamine rectal suspensions enema with dark brown medicine. Keep mesalamine rectal suspension enema and all medicines out of the reach of children. Important information you need to know before using mesalamine rectal suspension enema Mesalamine rectal suspension enema is for rectal use only. Do not share mesalamine rectal suspension enema with other people, it may harm them. If caregiver is giving mesalamine rectal suspension enema make sure they read and understand these Instructions for Use. Use mesalamine rectal suspension enema exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to use it. It is recommended to use mesalamine rectal suspension enema bottle each day. After the foil wrapped unit of bottles is opened, use each bottle of mesalamine rectal suspension enema right away. Empty bowels right before the medicine is given. Give at bedtime. Mesalamine rectal suspension enema will stain some surfaces including but not limited to fabrics, flooring, painted surfaces, marble, granite, vinyl, and enamel. Take care in choosing the right place for giving the mesalamine rectal suspension enema.Preparing to use mesalamine rectal suspension enema Step 1. Remove the bottles. Remove all the bottles from the protective foil pouch by grasping at the seam and tearing downward or by using scissors at the top of the foil pouch (See Figure A). Be careful not to squeeze or puncture bottles. Figure Step 2. Prepare to give the medicine. Shake the first bottle well to make sure that the medicine is mixed well. Remove the protective sheath from the applicator tip. Hold the bottle at the neck so as not to cause any of the medicine to be released (See Figure B). Figure Step 3. Get in position. Lay on your left side with your left leg extended and your right leg flexed forward for balance (See Figure C). Figure oro Get in the knee-chest position as shown here (See Figure D). Figure Step 4. Giving the medicine. Lubricate the applicator tip. Gently insert the lubricated applicator tip into the rectum pointing slightly toward the belly button (navel) to prevent damage to the rectal wall. Grasp the bottle firmly, then tilt slightly so that the nozzle is aimed toward the back. Squeeze the bottle slowly to release the medicine into the rectum (See Figure E). Steady hand pressure will release most of the medicine. Figure o After giving the medicine, withdraw the applicator tip.o Remain in position for at least 30 minutes to allow the medicine to spread inside the body. Throw away (discard) the bottle. Try to keep the medicine inside your body all night, if possible.Rx only Made in Sweden, formulated in India.Manufactured by: Encube Ethicals Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. C1, Madkaim Industrial Estate, Madkaim, Post: Mardol, Ponda, Goa 403 404, India.Distributed by: Encube Ethicals, Inc. 200 Meredith Drive, Suite 202, Durham, NC 27713, USA.For Medical Inquiries, Call Toll Free: 1-833-285-4151Revised: 10/2024. image-01. image-02. image-03. image-04. image-05.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. Geriatric Patients: Increased risk of blood dyscrasias; monitor complete blood cell counts and platelet counts. (8.5). 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk Summary Published data from meta-analyses, cohort studies and case series on the use of mesalamine during pregnancy have not reliably informed an association with mesalamine and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes (see Data). There are adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcomes associated with ulcerative colitis in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). In animal reproduction studies, rats and rabbits administered mesalamine during organogenesis at oral doses up to and times the maximum recommended human dose, respectively, did not reveal any evidence of harm to the embryo or the fetus (see Data).The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and embryo/fetal risk Published data suggest that increased disease activity is associated with the risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with ulcerative colitis. Adverse pregnancy outcomes include preterm delivery (before 37 weeks of gestation), low birth weight (less than 2500 g) infants, and small for gestational age at birth.Data Human Data Published data from meta-analyses, cohort studies and case series on the use of mesalamine, the active moiety of mesalamine rectal suspension enema, during early pregnancy (first trimester) and throughout pregnancy have not reliably informed an association of mesalamine and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There is no clear evidence that mesalamine exposure in early pregnancy is associated with an increase risk in major congenital malformations, including cardiac malformations. Published epidemiologic studies have important methodological limitations which hinder interpretation of the data, including inability to control for confounders, such as underlying maternal disease, and maternal use of concomitant medications, and missing information on the dose and duration of use for mesalamine products.Animal Data Reproduction studies have been performed with mesalamine in rats and rabbits during organogenesis at oral doses up to and times respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, and have revealed no evidence of harm to the embryo or the fetus.. 8.2 Lactation. Risk Summary Data from published literature report the presence of mesalamine and its metabolite, N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in human milk in small amounts with relative infant doses (RID) of 0.1% or less for mesalamine (see Data). There are case reports of diarrhea observed in breastfed infants exposed to mesalamine (see Clinical Considerations). There is no information on the effects of mesalamine on milk production. The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes clear determination of the risk of mesalamine rectal suspension enema to an infant during lactation; therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for mesalamine rectal suspension enema and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from mesalamine rectal suspension enema or from the underlying maternal condition.Clinical Considerations Advise the caregiver to monitor the breastfed infant for diarrhea.Data In published lactation studies, maternal mesalamine doses from various oral and rectal formulations and products ranged from 500 mg to 4.8 daily. The average concentration of mesalamine in milk ranged from non-detectable to 0.5 mg/L. The average concentration of N-acetyl- 5-aminosalicylic acid in milk ranged from 0.2 to 9.3 mg/L. Based on these concentrations, estimated infant daily dosages for an exclusively breastfed infant are to 0.075 mg/kg/day of mesalamine (RID 0% to 0.1%) and 0.03 to 1.4 mg/kg/day of N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. Clinical trials of mesalamine rectal suspension enema did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Reports from uncontrolled clinical studies and postmarketing reporting systems suggested higher incidence of blood dyscrasias (i. e., agranulocytosis, neutropenia and pancytopenia) in patients receiving mesalamine-containing products such as mesalamine rectal suspension enema who were 65 years or older compared to younger adult patients, which may also be associated with ulcerative colitis, use of interacting drugs, or reduced renal function.Consider monitoring complete blood cell counts and platelet counts in patients 65 years and over during treatment with mesalamine rectal suspension enema. In general, consider the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concurrent disease or other drug therapy in patients 65 years and over when prescribing mesalamine rectal suspension enema.. 8.6 Renal Impairment. Mesalamine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Evaluate renal function in all patients prior to initiation and periodically while on mesalamine rectal suspension enema therapy. Monitor patients with known renal impairment or history of renal disease or taking nephrotoxic drugs for decreased renal function and mesalamine-related adverse reactions. Discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if renal function deteriorates while on therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Sulfite-related reactions (mesalamine rectal suspension enema contains potassium metabisulfite) and sulfasalazine -associated reactions (myocarditis and pericarditis) can occur; evaluate patients immediately and discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. (5.3)Renal Impairment: Assess renal function at the beginning of treatment and periodically during treatment. Evaluate the risks and benefits of mesalamine rectal suspension enema in patients with known renal impairment or taking nephrotoxic drug. Discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if renal function deteriorates while on therapy. (5.1, 7.1)Mesalamine-Induced Acute Intolerance Syndrome: Discontinue treatment if acute intolerance syndrome (cramping, acute abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, sometimes fever, headache and rash) is suspected. (5.2)Hepatic Failure: Evaluate the risks and benefits of using mesalamine rectal suspension enema in patients with known liver impairment. (5.4)Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: Discontinue at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation. (5.5) Photosensitivity: Avoid sun exposure if pre-existing skin conditions. (5.6)Nephrolithiasis: Cases of nephrolithiasis have been reported with the use of mesalamine. Mesalamine -containing stones are undetectable by standard radiography or computed tomography (CT). Ensure adequate hydration during treatment. (5.7)Interference with Laboratory Tests: Mesalamine may lead to elevated urinary normetanephrine test results. (5.8). Hypersensitivity Reactions: Sulfite-related reactions (mesalamine rectal suspension enema contains potassium metabisulfite) and sulfasalazine -associated reactions (myocarditis and pericarditis) can occur; evaluate patients immediately and discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. (5.3). Renal Impairment: Assess renal function at the beginning of treatment and periodically during treatment. Evaluate the risks and benefits of mesalamine rectal suspension enema in patients with known renal impairment or taking nephrotoxic drug. Discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if renal function deteriorates while on therapy. (5.1, 7.1). Mesalamine-Induced Acute Intolerance Syndrome: Discontinue treatment if acute intolerance syndrome (cramping, acute abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, sometimes fever, headache and rash) is suspected. (5.2). Hepatic Failure: Evaluate the risks and benefits of using mesalamine rectal suspension enema in patients with known liver impairment. (5.4). Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: Discontinue at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation. (5.5) Photosensitivity: Avoid sun exposure if pre-existing skin conditions. (5.6). Nephrolithiasis: Cases of nephrolithiasis have been reported with the use of mesalamine. Mesalamine -containing stones are undetectable by standard radiography or computed tomography (CT). Ensure adequate hydration during treatment. (5.7). Interference with Laboratory Tests: Mesalamine may lead to elevated urinary normetanephrine test results. (5.8). 5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions. Sulfite-Related Reactions Mesalamine rectal suspension enema contains potassium metabisulfite, sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown but probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic or in atopic nonasthmatic persons.Epinephrine is the preferred treatment for serious allergic or emergency situations even though epinephrine injection contains sodium or potassium metabisulfite with the above-mentioned potential liabilities. The alternatives to using epinephrine in life-threatening situation may not be satisfactory. The presence of sulfite(s) in epinephrine injection should not deter the administration of the drug for treatment of serious allergic or other emergency situations.Sulfasalazine-Associated Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients taking sulfasalazine. Some patients may have similar reaction to mesalamine rectal suspension enema or to other compounds that contain or are converted to mesalamine.As with sulfasalazine, mesalamine induced hypersensitivity reactions may present as internal organ involvement, including myocarditis, pericarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, pneumonitis and hematologic abnormalities. Evaluate patients immediately if signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction are present. Discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if an alternative etiology for the signs and symptoms cannot be established.. 5.2 Renal Impairment. Renal impairment, including minimal change disease, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, and renal failure have been reported in patients given mesalamine rectal suspension enema or other products that contain mesalamine or are converted to mesalamine. In animal studies, the kidney was the principal organ of mesalamine toxicity [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.2)].Evaluate the risks and benefits of using mesalamine rectal suspension enema in patients with known renal impairment or history of renal disease or taking concomitant nephrotoxic drugs. Evaluate renal function in all patients prior to initiation and periodically while on mesalamine rectal suspension enema therapy. Discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema if renal function deteriorates while on therapy [see Drug Interactions (7.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].. 5.3 Mesalamine-Induced Acute Intolerance Syndrome. Mesalamine has been associated with an acute intolerance syndrome that may be difficult to distinguish from flare of inflammatory bowel disease. Although the exact frequency of occurrence cannot be ascertained, it has occurred in 3% of patients in controlled clinical trials of mesalamine or sulfasalazine. Symptoms include cramping, acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, sometimes fever, headache, and rash. Monitor patients for worsening of these symptoms while on treatment. If acute intolerance syndrome is suspected, promptly discontinue treatment with mesalamine rectal suspension enema.. 5.4 Hepatic Failure. There have been reports of hepatic failure in patients with pre-existing liver disease who have been administered other products containing mesalamine. Evaluate the risks and benefits of using mesalamine rectal suspension enema in patients with known liver impairment.. 5.5 Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) ,and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) have been reported with the use of mesalamine [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. Discontinue mesalamine rectal suspension enema at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation.. 5.6 Photosensitivity. Patients with pre-existing skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and atopic eczema have reported more severe photosensitivity reactions. Advise patients to avoid sun exposure, wear protective clothing, and use broad-spectrum sunscreen when outdoors.. 5.7 Nephrolithiasis. Cases of nephrolithiasis have been reported with the use of mesalamine, including stones with 100% mesalamine content. Mesalamine containing stones are radiotransparent and undetectable by standard radiography or computed tomography (CT). Ensure adequate fluid intake during treatment.. 5.8 Interference with Laboratory Tests. Use of mesalamine may lead to spuriously elevated test results when measuring urinary normetanephrine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection because of the similarity in the chromatograms of normetanephrine and the main metabolite of mesalamine, N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (N-Ac-5-ASA). Consider an alternative, selective assay for normetanephrine.