DRUG & OR LABORATORY TEST INTERACTIONS SECTION.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions:. The following laboratory tests may be affected in patients who are receiving therapy with promethazine hydrochloride.. Pregnancy Tests:. Diagnostic pregnancy tests based on immunological reactions between HCG and anti-HCG may result in false-negative or false-positive interpretations.. Glucose Tolerance Test:. An increase in blood glucose has been reported in patients receiving promethazine.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride oral solution is contraindicated for children under years of age (see WARNINGS Black Box Warning and Use In Pediatric Patients ). The recommended doses are given in the following table:Adults And Children 12 Years And Over1 teaspoonful (5 mL) every to hours, not to exceed teaspoonsful (30 mL) in 24 hours.Children To Under 12 Years Of Age 1/2 to teaspoonful (2.5 to mL) every to hours, not to exceed teaspoonsful (30 mL) in 24 hours.Children To Under Years Of Age 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoonful (1.25 to 2.5 mL) every to hours.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

ADVERSE REACTIONS. Promethazine:Central Nervous System Drowsiness is the most prominent CNS effect of this drug. Sedation, somnolence, blurred vision, dizziness; confusion, disorientation, and extrapyramidal symptoms such as oculogyric crisis, torticollis, and tongue protrusion; lassitude, tinnitus, incoordination, fatigue, euphoria, nervousness, diplopia, insomnia, tremors, convulsive seizures, excitation, catatonic-like states, hysteria. Hallucinations have also been reported.Cardiovascular Increased or decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, bradycardia, faintness.Dermatologic Dermatitis, photosensitivity, urticaria.Hematologic Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, agranulocytosis.Gastrointestinal Dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, jaundice.Respiratory Asthma, nasal stuffiness, respiratory depression (potentially fatal) and apnea (potentially fatal). (See WARNINGS Promethazine; Respiratory Depression.) Other Angioneurotic edema. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (potentially fatal) has also been reported. (See WARNINGS Promethazine; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.) Paradoxical Reactions Hyperexcitability and abnormal movements have been reported in patients following single administration of promethazine HCI. Consideration should be given to the discontinuation of promethazine HCl and to the use of other drugs if these reactions occur. Respiratory depression, nightmares, delirium, and agitated behavior have also been reported in some of these patients.Phenylephrine:Nervous System Restlessness, anxiety, nervousness, and dizziness.Cardiovascular Hypertension (see WARNINGS). Other Precordial pain, respiratory distress, tremor, and weakness.

BOXED WARNING SECTION.

WARNING:PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN YEARS OF AGE BECAUSE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR FATAL RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION.POSTMARKETING CASES OF RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, INCLUDING FATALITIES, HAVE BEEN REPORTED WITH USE OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN YEARS OF AGE. WIDE RANGE OF WEIGHT-BASED DOSES OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE HAVE RESULTED IN RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN THESE PATIENTS.CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHEN ADMINISTERING PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE TO PEDIATRIC PATIENTS YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE LOWEST EFFECTIVE DOSE OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE BE USED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER AND CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF OTHER DRUGS WITH RESPIRATORY DEPRESSANT EFFECTS BE AVOIDED.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility:. Promethazine:. Long-term animal studies have not been performed to assess the carcinogenic potential of promethazine, nor are there other animal or human data concerning carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility with this drug. Promethazine was nonmutagenic in the Salmonella test system of Ames. Phenylephrine:. study which followed the development of cancer in 143,574 patients over four-year period indicated that in 11,981 patients who received phenylephrine (systemic or topical), there was no statistically significant association between the drug and cancer at any or all sites.Long-term animal studies have not been performed to assess the carcinogenic potential of phenylephrine, nor are there other animal or human data concerning mutagenicity.A study of the effects of adrenergic drugs on ovum transport in rabbits indicated that treatment with phenylephrine did not alter incidence of pregnancy; the number of implantations was significantly reduced when high doses of the drug were used.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Promethazine:. Promethazine is phenothiazine derivative which differs structurally from the antipsychotic phenothiazines by the presence of branched side chain and no ring substitution. It is thought that this configuration is responsible for its relative lack (1/10 that of chlorpromazine) of dopamine antagonist properties.Promethazine is an 1 receptor blocking agent. In addition to its antihistaminic action, it provides clinically useful sedative and antiemetic effects. Promethazine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical effects are apparent within 20 minutes after oral administration and generally last four to six hours, although they may persist as long as 12 hours. Promethazine is metabolized by the liver to variety of compounds; the sulfoxides of promethazine and N-demethylpromethazine are the predominant metabolites appearing in the urine.. Phenylephrine:. Phenylephrine is potent postsynaptic -receptor agonist with little effect on -receptors of the heart. Phenylephrine has no effect on -adrenergic receptors of the bronchi or peripheral blood vessels. direct action at receptors accounts for the greater part of its effects, only small part being due to its ability to release norepinephrine.Therapeutic doses of phenylephrine mainly cause vasoconstriction. Phenylephrine increases resistance and, to lesser extent, decreases capacitance of blood vessels. Total peripheral resistance is increased, resulting in increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulmonary arterial pressure is usually increased, and renal blood flow is usually decreased. Local vasoconstriction and hemostasis occur following topical application or infiltration of phenylephrine into tissues. The main effect of phenylephrine on the heart is bradycardia; it produces positive inotropic effect on the myocardium in doses greater than those usually used therapeutically. Rarely, the drug may increase the irritability of the heart, causing arrhythmias. Cardiac output is decreased slightly. Phenylephrine increases the work of the heart by increasing peripheral arterial resistance.Phenylephrine has mild central stimulant effect.Following oral administration or topical application of phenylephrine to the mucosa, constriction of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa relieves nasal congestion associated with allergy or head colds. Following oral administration, nasal decongestion may occur within 15 or 20 minutes and may persist for up to hours.Phenylephrine is irregularly absorbed from and readily metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract. Phenylephrine is metabolized in the liver and intestine by monoamine oxidase. The metabolites and their route and rate of excretion have not been identified. The pharmacologic action of phenylephrine is terminated at least partially by uptake of the drug into tissues.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

CONTRAINDICATIONS. Promethazine is contraindicated in comatose states, and in individuals known to be hypersensitive or to have had an idiosyncratic reaction to promethazine or to other phenothiazines.Antihistamines are contraindicated for use in the treatment of lower respiratory tract symptoms, including asthma.Phenylephrine is contraindicated in patients with hypertension or with peripheral vascular insufficiency (ischemia may result with risk of gangrene or thrombosis of compromised vascular beds). Phenylephrine should not be used in patients known to be hypersensitive to the drug or in those receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

DESCRIPTION. Each mL (one teaspoonful), for oral administration contains: Promethazine hydrochloride 6.25 mg; phenylephrine hydrochloride mg. Alcohol 7%.Inactive Ingredients: Apricot peach flavor, ascorbic acid, citric acid, FD&C yellow 6, menthol, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate and sucrose.Promethazine hydrochloride, phenothiazine derivative, is chemically designated as (+-)-10-[2-(Dimethylamino)propyl] phenothiazine monohydrochloride.Promethazine hydrochloride occurs as white to faint yellow, practically odorless, crystalline powder which slowly oxidizes and turns blue on prolonged exposure to air. It is soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. It has molecular weight of 320.88, molecular formula of 17H 20N 2SoHCI, and the following structural formula: Phenylephrine hydrochloride is sympathomimetic amine salt which is chemically designated as (-)-m-Hydroxy--[(methylamino)methyl] benzyl alcohol hydrochloride. It occurs as white or nearly white crystals, having bitter taste. It is freely soluble in water and alcohol. Phenylephrine hydrochloride is subject to oxidation and must be protected from light and air. It has molecular weight of 203.67, molecular formula of 9H 13NO 2oHCI, and the following structural formula: promethazine hydrochloride structural formula. phenylephrine hydrochloride structural formula.

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

Drug Interactions:. Promethazine. CNS Depressants . Promethazine may increase, prolong, or intensify the sedative action of other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, sedatives/hypnotics (including barbiturates), narcotics, narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, and tranquilizers; therefore, such agents should be avoided or administered in reduced dosage to patients receiving promethazine HCl. When given concomitantly with promethazine, the dose of barbiturates should be reduced by at least one-half, and the dose of narcotics should be reduced by one-quarter to one-half. Dosage must be individualized. Excessive amounts of promethazine HCl relative to narcotic may lead to restlessness and motor hyperactivity in the patient with pain; these symptoms usually disappear with adequate control of the pain.. Epinephrine . Because of the potential for promethazine to reverse epinephrines vasopressor effect, epinephrine should NOT be used to treat hypotension associated with promethazine overdose.. Anticholinergics . Concomitant use of other agents with anticholinergic properties should be undertaken with caution.. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) . Drug interactions, including an increased incidence of extrapyramidal effects, have been reported when some MAOI and phenothiazines are used concomitantly.. Phenylephrine. DrugPhenylephrine with prior administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). Effect Cardiac pressor response potentiated. May cause acute hypertensive crisis. DrugPhenylephrine with tricyclic antidepressants. Effect Pressor response increased. DrugPhenylephrine with ergot alkaloids. Effect Excessive rise in blood pressure. DrugPhenylephrine with bronchodilator sympathomimetic agents and with epinephrine or other sympathomimetics. Effect Tachycardia or other arrhythmias may occur. DrugPhenylephrine with atropine sulfate. Effect Reflex bradycardia blocked; pressor response enhanced. DrugPhenylephrine with prior administration of propranolol or other -adrenergic blockers. Effect Cardiostimulating effects blocked. DrugPhenylephrine with prior administration of phentolamine or other -adrenergic blockers. Effect Pressor response decreased. DrugPhenylephrine with diet preparations, such as amphetamines or phenylpropanolamine. Effect Synergistic adrenergic response.

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

General:. Drugs having anticholinergic properties should be used with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, and bladder-neck obstruction.Promethazine should be used cautiously in persons with cardiovascular disease or impairment of liver function.Phenylephrine should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension.

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

Geriatric Use:. Clinical studies of promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride oral solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.Sedating drugs may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly; elderly patients generally should be started on low doses of promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride syrup and observed closely.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

HOW SUPPLIED. This preparation is yellowish-orange oral solution with odor of apricot peach. Each mL (one teaspoonful) contains promethazine hydrochloride 6.25 mg, phenylephrine hydrochloride mg, and alcohol percent, and is available as:NDC 0121-0926-16: one pint (473 mL) bottle. Keep tightly closed. Protect from light.Store at 20-25C (68-77F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in tight, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure as defined in the USP.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride syrup is indicated for the temporary relief of upper respiratory symptoms, including nasal congestion, associated with allergy or the common cold.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

Information For Patients:. Promethazine and phenylephrine may cause marked drowsiness or may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks, such as driving vehicle or operating machinery. Ambulatory patients should be told to avoid engaging in such activities until it is known that they do not become drowsy or dizzy from promethazine and phenylephrine therapy. Children should be supervised to avoid potential harm in bike riding or in other hazardous activities.The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, including narcotic analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers, may have an additive effect and should be avoided or their dosage reduced.Patients should be advised to report any involuntary muscle movements.Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun.

LABOR & DELIVERY SECTION.

Labor And Delivery:. Administration of phenylephrine to patients in late pregnancy or labor may cause fetal anoxia or bradycardia by increasing contractility of the uterus and decreasing uterine blood flow.See also Nonteratogenic Effects..

NONTERATOGENIC EFFECTS SECTION.

Nonteratogenic Effects -. Promethazine administered to pregnant woman within two weeks of delivery may inhibit platelet aggregation in the newborn.

NURSING MOTHERS SECTION.

Nursing Mothers:. It is not known whether promethazine or phenylephrine are excreted in human milk.Caution should be exercised when promethazine and phenylephrine is administered to nursing woman.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

OVERDOSAGE. Promethazine:. Signs and symptoms of overdosage with promethazine HCl range from mild depression of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system to profound hypotension, respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and sudden death. Other reported reactions include hyperreflexia, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, and extensor-plantar reflexes (Babinski reflex).Stimulation may be evident, especially in children and geriatric patients. Convulsions may rarely occur. paradoxical reaction has been reported in children receiving single doses of 75 mg to 125 mg orally, characterized by hyperexcitability and nightmares.Atropine-like signs and symptoms dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms, may occur.. Phenylephrine:. Signs and symptoms of overdosage with phenylephrine include hypertension, headache, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and vomiting. Ventricular premature beats and short paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia may also occur. Headache may be symptom of hypertension. Bradycardia may also be seen early in phenylephrine overdosage through stimulation of baroreceptors.. Treatment:. The treatment of overdosage with promethazine and phenylephrine is essentially symptomatic and supportive. Only in cases of extreme overdosage or individual sensitivity do vital signs including respiration, pulse, blood pressure, temperature, and EKG need to be monitored. Activated charcoal orally or by lavage may be given, or sodium or magnesium sulfate orally as cathartic. Attention should be given to the re-establishment of adequate respiratory exchange through provision of patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Diazepam may be used to control convulsions. Acidosis and electrolyte losses should be corrected. Note that any depressant effects of promethazine are not reversed by naloxone. Avoid analeptics which may cause convulsions.Severe hypotension usually responds to the administration of norepinephrine or phenylephrine. EPINEPHRINE SHOULD NOT BE USED, since its use in patient with partial adrenergic blockade may further lower the blood pressure.Limited experience with dialysis indicates that it is not helpful.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

Package Label One Pint (473 mL). NDC 0121-0926-16PROMETHAZINE VC ORAL SOLUTION(PROMETHAZINE PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE ORAL SOLUTIONEACH mL (ONE TEASPOONFUL) CONTAINS:Promethazine Hydrochloride.....6.25 mgPhenylephrine Hydrochlord...........5 mgAlcohol..................................7%USUAL DOSAGE: See accompanying package insert.Dispense in tight, light-resistant container with child-resitant closure as defined in the USP. Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep tightly closed. Protect from light. X0926160820 R08/20. Package Label One Pint (473 mL).

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

Use In Pediatric Patients. PROMETHAZINE PRODUCTS ARE CONTRAINDICATED FOR USE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN TWO YEARS OF AGE.CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHEN ADMINISTERING PROMETHAZINE PRODUCTS TO PEDIATRIC PATIENTS YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER BECAUSE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR FATAL RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION AND APNEA, SOMETIMES ASSOCIATED WITH DEATH, ARE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH PROMETHAZINE PRODUCTS AND ARE NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO INDIVIDUALIZED WEIGHT-BASED DOSING, WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PERMIT SAFE ADMINISTRATION. CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF PROMETHAZINE PRODUCTS WITH OTHER RESPIRATORY DEPRESSANTS HAS AN ASSOCIATION WITH RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, AND SOMETIMES DEATH, IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS.ANTIEMETICS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED FOR TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED VOMITING IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, AND THEIR USE SHOULD BE LIMITED TO PROLONGED VOMITING OF KNOWN ETIOLOGY. THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS WHICH CAN OCCUR SECONDARY TO PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE ADMINISTRATION MAY BE CONFUSED WITH THE CNS SIGNS OF UNDIAGNOSED PRIMARY DISEASE, e.g., ENCEPHALOPATHY OR REYES SYNDROME. THE USE OF PROMETHAZINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE AVOIDED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WHOSE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS MAY SUGGEST REYES SYNDROME OR OTHER HEPATIC DISEASES.Excessively large dosages of antihistamines, including promethazine hydrochloride, in pediatric patients may cause sudden death (see OVERDOSAGE). Hallucinations and convulsions have occurred with therapeutic doses and overdoses of promethazine hydrochloride in pediatric patients. In pediatric patients who are acutely ill associated with dehydration, there is an increased susceptibility to dystonias with the use of promethazine HCl.

PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

PRECAUTIONS. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with the drug combination--promethazine and phenylephrine. It is not known whether this drug combination can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Promethazine and phenylephrine should be given to pregnant woman only if clearly needed.. General:. Drugs having anticholinergic properties should be used with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, and bladder-neck obstruction.Promethazine should be used cautiously in persons with cardiovascular disease or impairment of liver function.Phenylephrine should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension.. Information For Patients:. Promethazine and phenylephrine may cause marked drowsiness or may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks, such as driving vehicle or operating machinery. Ambulatory patients should be told to avoid engaging in such activities until it is known that they do not become drowsy or dizzy from promethazine and phenylephrine therapy. Children should be supervised to avoid potential harm in bike riding or in other hazardous activities.The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, including narcotic analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers, may have an additive effect and should be avoided or their dosage reduced.Patients should be advised to report any involuntary muscle movements.Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun.. Drug Interactions:. Promethazine. CNS Depressants . Promethazine may increase, prolong, or intensify the sedative action of other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, sedatives/hypnotics (including barbiturates), narcotics, narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, and tranquilizers; therefore, such agents should be avoided or administered in reduced dosage to patients receiving promethazine HCl. When given concomitantly with promethazine, the dose of barbiturates should be reduced by at least one-half, and the dose of narcotics should be reduced by one-quarter to one-half. Dosage must be individualized. Excessive amounts of promethazine HCl relative to narcotic may lead to restlessness and motor hyperactivity in the patient with pain; these symptoms usually disappear with adequate control of the pain.. Epinephrine . Because of the potential for promethazine to reverse epinephrines vasopressor effect, epinephrine should NOT be used to treat hypotension associated with promethazine overdose.. Anticholinergics . Concomitant use of other agents with anticholinergic properties should be undertaken with caution.. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) . Drug interactions, including an increased incidence of extrapyramidal effects, have been reported when some MAOI and phenothiazines are used concomitantly.. Phenylephrine. DrugPhenylephrine with prior administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). Effect Cardiac pressor response potentiated. May cause acute hypertensive crisis. DrugPhenylephrine with tricyclic antidepressants. Effect Pressor response increased. DrugPhenylephrine with ergot alkaloids. Effect Excessive rise in blood pressure. DrugPhenylephrine with bronchodilator sympathomimetic agents and with epinephrine or other sympathomimetics. Effect Tachycardia or other arrhythmias may occur. DrugPhenylephrine with atropine sulfate. Effect Reflex bradycardia blocked; pressor response enhanced. DrugPhenylephrine with prior administration of propranolol or other -adrenergic blockers. Effect Cardiostimulating effects blocked. DrugPhenylephrine with prior administration of phentolamine or other -adrenergic blockers. Effect Pressor response decreased. DrugPhenylephrine with diet preparations, such as amphetamines or phenylpropanolamine. Effect Synergistic adrenergic response. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions:. The following laboratory tests may be affected in patients who are receiving therapy with promethazine hydrochloride.. Pregnancy Tests:. Diagnostic pregnancy tests based on immunological reactions between HCG and anti-HCG may result in false-negative or false-positive interpretations.. Glucose Tolerance Test:. An increase in blood glucose has been reported in patients receiving promethazine.. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility:. Promethazine:. Long-term animal studies have not been performed to assess the carcinogenic potential of promethazine, nor are there other animal or human data concerning carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility with this drug. Promethazine was nonmutagenic in the Salmonella test system of Ames. Phenylephrine:. study which followed the development of cancer in 143,574 patients over four-year period indicated that in 11,981 patients who received phenylephrine (systemic or topical), there was no statistically significant association between the drug and cancer at any or all sites.Long-term animal studies have not been performed to assess the carcinogenic potential of phenylephrine, nor are there other animal or human data concerning mutagenicity.A study of the effects of adrenergic drugs on ovum transport in rabbits indicated that treatment with phenylephrine did not alter incidence of pregnancy; the number of implantations was significantly reduced when high doses of the drug were used.. Pregnancy:. Teratogenic Effects -. Pregnancy Category C.. Promethazine:. Teratogenic effects have not been demonstrated in rat-feeding studies at doses of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg of promethazine HCl. These doses are from approximately 2.1 to 4.2 times the maximum recommended total daily dose of promethazine for 50-kg subject, depending upon the indication for which the drug is prescribed. Daily doses of 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally have been found to produce fetal mortality in rats.Specific studies to test the action of the drug on parturition, lactation, and development of the animal neonate were not done, but general preliminary study in rats indicated no effect on these parameters. Although antihistamines have been found to produce fetal mortality in rodents, the pharmacological effects of histamine in the rodent do not parallel those in man. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of promethazine in pregnant women.. Phenylephrine:. study in rabbits indicated that continued moderate overexposure to phenylephrine (3 mg/day) during the second half of pregnancy (22nd day of gestation to delivery) may contribute to perinatal wastage, prematurity, premature labor, and possibly fetal anomalies; when phenylephrine (3 mg/day) was given to rabbits during the first half of pregnancy (3rd day after mating for seven days), significant number gave birth to litters of low birth weight. Another study showed that phenylephrine was associated with anomalies of aortic arch and with ventricular septal defect in the chick embryo.Promethazine and phenylephrine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.. Nonteratogenic Effects -. Promethazine administered to pregnant woman within two weeks of delivery may inhibit platelet aggregation in the newborn.. Labor And Delivery:. Administration of phenylephrine to patients in late pregnancy or labor may cause fetal anoxia or bradycardia by increasing contractility of the uterus and decreasing uterine blood flow.See also Nonteratogenic Effects. Nursing Mothers:. It is not known whether promethazine or phenylephrine are excreted in human milk.Caution should be exercised when promethazine and phenylephrine is administered to nursing woman.. Pediatric Use:. PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE ORAL SOLUTION IS CONTRAINDICATED FOR USE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN TWO YEARS OF AGE (see WARNINGS Black Box Warning and Use In Pediatric Patients). Promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride oral solution should be used with caution in pediatric patients years of age and older (see WARNINGS Use In Pediatric Patients). Geriatric Use:. Clinical studies of promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride oral solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.Sedating drugs may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly; elderly patients generally should be started on low doses of promethazine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride syrup and observed closely.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

Pregnancy:. Teratogenic Effects -. Pregnancy Category C.. Promethazine:. Teratogenic effects have not been demonstrated in rat-feeding studies at doses of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg of promethazine HCl. These doses are from approximately 2.1 to 4.2 times the maximum recommended total daily dose of promethazine for 50-kg subject, depending upon the indication for which the drug is prescribed. Daily doses of 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally have been found to produce fetal mortality in rats.Specific studies to test the action of the drug on parturition, lactation, and development of the animal neonate were not done, but general preliminary study in rats indicated no effect on these parameters. Although antihistamines have been found to produce fetal mortality in rodents, the pharmacological effects of histamine in the rodent do not parallel those in man. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of promethazine in pregnant women.. Phenylephrine:. study in rabbits indicated that continued moderate overexposure to phenylephrine (3 mg/day) during the second half of pregnancy (22nd day of gestation to delivery) may contribute to perinatal wastage, prematurity, premature labor, and possibly fetal anomalies; when phenylephrine (3 mg/day) was given to rabbits during the first half of pregnancy (3rd day after mating for seven days), significant number gave birth to litters of low birth weight. Another study showed that phenylephrine was associated with anomalies of aortic arch and with ventricular septal defect in the chick embryo.Promethazine and phenylephrine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.. Nonteratogenic Effects -. Promethazine administered to pregnant woman within two weeks of delivery may inhibit platelet aggregation in the newborn.

STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION.

Keep tightly closed. Protect from light.Store at 20-25C (68-77F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in tight, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure as defined in the USP.

TERATOGENIC EFFECTS SECTION.

Teratogenic Effects -. Pregnancy Category C.. Promethazine:. Teratogenic effects have not been demonstrated in rat-feeding studies at doses of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg of promethazine HCl. These doses are from approximately 2.1 to 4.2 times the maximum recommended total daily dose of promethazine for 50-kg subject, depending upon the indication for which the drug is prescribed. Daily doses of 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally have been found to produce fetal mortality in rats.Specific studies to test the action of the drug on parturition, lactation, and development of the animal neonate were not done, but general preliminary study in rats indicated no effect on these parameters. Although antihistamines have been found to produce fetal mortality in rodents, the pharmacological effects of histamine in the rodent do not parallel those in man. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of promethazine in pregnant women.. Phenylephrine:. study in rabbits indicated that continued moderate overexposure to phenylephrine (3 mg/day) during the second half of pregnancy (22nd day of gestation to delivery) may contribute to perinatal wastage, prematurity, premature labor, and possibly fetal anomalies; when phenylephrine (3 mg/day) was given to rabbits during the first half of pregnancy (3rd day after mating for seven days), significant number gave birth to litters of low birth weight. Another study showed that phenylephrine was associated with anomalies of aortic arch and with ventricular septal defect in the chick embryo.Promethazine and phenylephrine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

WARNINGS SECTION.

WARNINGS. WARNING:PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN YEARS OF AGE BECAUSE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR FATAL RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION.POSTMARKETING CASES OF RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, INCLUDING FATALITIES, HAVE BEEN REPORTED WITH USE OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN YEARS OF AGE. WIDE RANGE OF WEIGHT-BASED DOSES OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE HAVE RESULTED IN RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN THESE PATIENTS.CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHEN ADMINISTERING PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE TO PEDIATRIC PATIENTS YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE LOWEST EFFECTIVE DOSE OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE BE USED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER AND CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF OTHER DRUGS WITH RESPIRATORY DEPRESSANT EFFECTS BE AVOIDED.. Promethazine:. CNS Depression -. Promethazine may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks, such as driving vehicle or operating machinery. The impairment may be amplified by concomitant use of other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol, sedatives/hypnotics (including barbiturates), narcotics, narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, and tranquilizers; therefore, such agents should either be eliminated or given in reduced dosage in the presence of promethazine HCl (see PRECAUTIONS Information For Patients and Drug Interactions). Respiratory Depression -. Promethazine may lead to potentially fatal respiratory depression.Use of promethazine in patients with compromised respiratory function (e.g., COPD, sleep apnea) should be avoided.. Lower Seizure Threshold -. Promethazine may lower seizure threshold. It should be used with caution in persons with seizure disorders or in persons who are using concomitant medications, such as narcotics or local anesthetics, which may also affect seizure threshold.. Bone Marrow Depression -. Promethazine should be used with caution in patients with bone marrow depression. Leukopenia and agranulocytosis have been reported, usually when promethazine HCl has been used in association with other known marrow toxic agents.. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome -. potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with promethazine HCl alone or in combination with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis and cardiac dysrhythmias).The diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated. In arriving at diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (e.g., pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS). Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology.The management of NMS should include 1) immediate discontinuation of promethazine HCl, antipsychotic drugs, if any, and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, 2) intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring, and 3) treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available. There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS.Since recurrences of NMS have been reported with phenothiazines, the reintroduction of promethazine HCl should be carefully considered.