INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Flutamide capsules are indicated for use in combination with LHRH agonists for the management of locally confined Stage B2-C and Stage D2 metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.. Stage B2-C Prostatic Carcinoma. Treatment with flutamide capsules and the goserelin acetate implant should start weeks prior to initiating radiation therapy and continue during radiation therapy.. Stage D2 Metastatic Carcinoma. To achieve benefit from treatment, flutamide capsules should be initiated with the LHRH agonist and continued until progression.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

Information for Patients. Patients should be informed that flutamide capsules and the drug used for medical castration should be administered concomitantly, and that they should not interrupt their dosing or stop taking these medications without consulting their physician.

LABORATORY TESTS SECTION.

Laboratory Tests. Regular assessment of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) may be helpful in monitoring the patients response. If PSA levels rise significantly and consistently during flutamide therapy the patient should be evaluated for clinical progression. For patients who have objective progression of disease together with an elevated PSA, treatment-free period of antiandrogen while continuing the LHRH analogue may be considered.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

ADVERSE REACTIONS. Stage B2-C Prostatic Carcinoma. Treatment with flutamide capsules and the goserelin acetate implant did not add substantially to the toxicity of radiation treatment alone. The following adverse experiences were reported during multicenter clinical trial comparing flutamide capsules goserelin acetate implant radiation versus radiation alone. The most frequently reported (greater than 5%) adverse experiences are listed below.Adverse Events During Acute Radiation Therapy(within first 90 days of radiation therapy)Adverse Events During Late Radiation Phase(after 90 days of radiation therapy) (n 231)Goserelin Acetate Implant Flutamide Capsules Radiation% All(n 235)Radiation Only% All(n 231)Goserelin Acetate Implant Flutamide Capsules Radiation% All(n 235)Radiation Only% AllRectum/large bowel 80 76 Diarrhea 36 40 Bladder 58 60 Cystitis 16 16 Skin 37 37 Rectal bleeding 14 20 Proctitis 8 Hematuria 12 Stage D2 Metastatic Carcinoma. The following adverse experiences were reported during multicenter clinical trial comparing flutamide capsules LHRH agonist versus placebo LHRH agonist.The most frequently reported (greater than 5%) adverse experiences during treatment with flutamide capsules in combination with an LHRH agonist are listed in the table below. For comparison, adverse experiences seen with an LHRH agonist and placebo are also listed in the following table. (n 294)Flutamide LHRH agonist% All(n 285)Placebo LHRH agonist% AllHot flashes 61 57 Loss of libido 36 31 Impotence 33 29 Diarrhea 12 Nausea/vomiting 11 10 Gynecomastia 11 Other 9 Other GI 4 Cardiovascular System. Hypertension in 1% of patients. Central Nervous System. CNS (drowsiness/confusion/depression/anxiety/nervousness) reactions occurred in 1% of patients. Gastrointestinal System. Anorexia 4%, and other GI disorders occurred in 6% of patients. Hematopoietic System. Anemia occurred in 6%, leukopenia in 3%, and thrombocytopenia in 1% of patients. Liver and Biliary System. Hepatitis and jaundice in less than 1% of patients. Skin. Irritation at the injection site and rash occurred in 3% of patients. Other. Edema occurred in 4%, genitourinary and neuromuscular symptoms in 2%, and pulmonary symptoms in less than 1% of patients.In addition, the following spontaneous adverse experiences have been reported during the marketing of flutamide: hemolytic anemia, macrocytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, photosensitivity reactions (including erythema, ulceration, bullous eruptions, and epidermal necrolysis), and urine discoloration. The urine was noted to change to an amber or yellow-green appearance which can be attributed to the flutamide and/or its metabolites. Also reported were cholestatic jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatic necrosis. The hepatic conditions were often reversible after discontinuing therapy; however, there have been reports of death following severe hepatic injury associated with use of flutamide.Malignant breast neoplasms have occurred rarely in male patients being treated with flutamide.. Abnormal Laboratory Test Values. Laboratory abnormalities including elevated SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin values, SGGT, BUN, and serum creatinine have been reported.

BOXED WARNING SECTION.

BOXED WARNING. WARNINGS Hepatic Injury There have been postmarketing reports of hospitalization and rarely death due to liver failure in patients taking flutamide. Evidence of hepatic injury included elevated serum transaminase levels, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy and death related to acute hepatic failure. The hepatic injury was reversible after discontinuation of therapy in some patients. Approximately half of the reported cases occurred within the initial months of treatment with flutamide.Serum transaminase levels should be measured prior to starting treatment with flutamide. Flutamide is not recommended in patients whose ALT values exceed twice the upper limit of normal. Serum transaminase levels should then be measured monthly for the first months of therapy, and periodically thereafter. Liver function tests also should be obtained at the first signs and symptoms suggestive of liver dysfunction, e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, flu-like symptoms, hyperbilirubinuria, jaundice or right upper quadrant tenderness. If at any time, patient has jaundice, or their ALT rises above times the upper limit of normal, flutamide should be immediately discontinued with close follow-up of liver function tests until resolution.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. General. In animal studies, flutamide demonstrates potent antiandrogenic effects. It exerts its antiandrogenic action by inhibiting androgen uptake and/or by inhibiting nuclear binding of androgen in target tissues or both. Prostatic carcinoma is known to be androgen-sensitive and responds to treatment that counteracts the effect of androgen and/or removes the source of androgen, e.g., castration. Elevations of plasma testosterone and estradiol levels have been noted following flutamide administration.. Pharmacokinetics. Absorption. Analysis of plasma, urine, and feces following single oral 200 mg dose of tritium-labeled flutamide to human volunteers showed that the drug is rapidly and completely absorbed. Following single 250 mg oral dose to normal adult volunteers, the biologically active alpha-hydroxylated metabolite reaches maximum plasma concentrations in about hours, indicating that it is rapidly formed from flutamide. Food has no effect on bioavailability of flutamide.. Distribution. In male rats neither flutamide nor any of its metabolites is preferentially accumulated in any tissue except the prostate after an oral mg/kg dose of 14C-flutamide. Total drug levels were highest hours after drug administration in all tissues. Levels declined at roughly similar rates to low levels at 18 hours. The major metabolite was present at higher concentrations than flutamide in all tissues studied. Following single 250 mg oral dose to normal adult volunteers, low plasma levels of flutamide were detected. The plasma half-life for the alpha-hydroxylated metabolite of flutamide is about hours. Flutamide, in vivo, at steady-state plasma concentrations of 24 to 78 ng/mL, is 94% to 96% bound to plasma proteins. The active metabolite of flutamide, in vivo, at steady-state plasma concentrations of 1556 to 2284 ng/mL, is 92% to 94% bound to plasma proteins.. Metabolism. The composition of plasma radioactivity, following single 200 mg oral dose of tritium-labeled flutamide to normal adult volunteers, showed that flutamide is rapidly and extensively metabolized, with flutamide comprising only 2.5% of plasma radioactivity hour after administration. At least metabolites have been identified in plasma. The major plasma metabolite is biologically active alpha-hydroxylated derivative which accounts for 23% of the plasma tritium hour after drug administration. The major urinary metabolite is 2-amino-5-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol.. Excretion. Flutamide and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine with only 4.2% of the dose excreted in the feces over 72 hours.Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Flutamide and Hydroxyflutamide in Geriatric Volunteers (mean +- SD) Single DoseSteady State Flutamide HydroxyflutamideFlutamideHydroxyflutamideCm x (ng/mL) 25.2 +- 34.2 894 +- 406 113 +- 213 1629 +- 586 Elimination half-life (hr) 8.1 +- 1.3 7.8 9.6 +- 2.5 Tm x (hr) 1.9 +- 0.7 2.7 +- 1.3 +- 0.7 1.9 +- 0.6 Cm n (ng/mL) - 673 +- 316 Special Populations. Geriatric. Following multiple oral dosing of 250 mg t.i.d. in normal geriatric volunteers, flutamide and its active metabolite approached steady-state plasma levels (based on pharmacokinetic simulations) after the fourth flutamide dose. The half-life of the active metabolite in geriatric volunteers after single flutamide dose is about 8.1 hours and at steady state in 9.6 hours.. Race. There are no known alterations in flutamide absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion due to race.. Renal Impairment. Following single 250 mg dose of flutamide administered to subjects with chronic renal insufficiency, there appeared to be no correlation between creatinine clearance and either Cmax or AUC of flutamide. Renal impairment did not have an effect on the Cmax or AUC of the biologically active alpha-hydroxylated metabolite of flutamide. In subjects with creatinine clearance of 29 mL/min, the half-life of the active metabolite was slightly prolonged. Flutamide and its active metabolite were not well dialyzed. Dose adjustment in patients with chronic renal insufficiency is not warranted.. Hepatic Impairment. No information on the pharmacokinetics of flutamide in hepatic impairment is available (see BOXED WARNINGS, Hepatic Injury).. Women, Pediatrics. Flutamide has not been studied in women or pediatric patients.. Drug-Drug Interactions. Interactions between flutamide capsules and LHRH agonists have not occurred. Increases in prothrombin have been noted in patients receiving warfarin therapy (see PRECAUTIONS).. Clinical Studies. Flutamide has been demonstrated to interfere with testosterone at the cellular level. This can complement medical castration achieved with LHRH agonists which suppresses testicular androgen production by inhibiting luteinizing hormone secretion.The effects of combination therapy have been evaluated in two studies. One study evaluated the effects of flutamide and an LHRH agonist as neoadjuvant therapy to radiation in stage B2-C prostatic carcinoma and the other study evaluated flutamide and an LHRH agonist as the sole therapy in stage D2 metastatic carcinoma.. Stage B2-C Prostatic Carcinoma. The effects of hormonal treatment combined with radiation were studied in 466 patients (231 flutamide capsules goserelin acetate implant radiation, 235 radiation alone) with bulky primary tumors confined to the prostate (stage B2) or extending beyond the capsule (stage C), with or without pelvic node involvement.In this multicentered, controlled trial, administration of flutamide capsules (250 mg t.i.d.) and goserelin acetate (3.6 mg depot) prior to and during radiation was associated with significantly lower rate of local failure compared to radiation alone (16% vs. 33% at years, < 0.001). The combination therapy also resulted in trend toward reduction in the incidence of distant metastases (27% vs. 36% at years, = 0.058). Median disease-free survival was significantly increased in patients who received complete hormonal therapy combined with radiation as compared to those patients who received radiation alone (4.4 vs. 2.6 years, < 0.001). Inclusion of normal PSA level as criterion for disease-free survival also resulted in significantly increased median disease-free survival in patients receiving the combination therapy (2.7 vs. 1.5 years, < 0.001).. Stage D2 Prostatic Carcinoma. To study the effects of combination therapy in metastatic disease, 617 patients (311 leuprolide flutamide, 306 leuprolide placebo) with previously untreated advanced prostatic carcinoma were enrolled in large multicentered, controlled clinical trial.Three and one-half years after the study was initiated, median survival had been reached. The median actuarial survival time was 34.9 months for patients treated with leuprolide and flutamide versus 27.9 months for patients treated with leuprolide alone. This month increment represents 25% improvement in overall survival time with the flutamide therapy. Analysis of progression-free survival showed 2.6 month improvement in patients who received leuprolide plus flutamide, 19% increment over leuprolide and placebo.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

Clinical Studies. Flutamide has been demonstrated to interfere with testosterone at the cellular level. This can complement medical castration achieved with LHRH agonists which suppresses testicular androgen production by inhibiting luteinizing hormone secretion.The effects of combination therapy have been evaluated in two studies. One study evaluated the effects of flutamide and an LHRH agonist as neoadjuvant therapy to radiation in stage B2-C prostatic carcinoma and the other study evaluated flutamide and an LHRH agonist as the sole therapy in stage D2 metastatic carcinoma.. Stage B2-C Prostatic Carcinoma. The effects of hormonal treatment combined with radiation were studied in 466 patients (231 flutamide capsules goserelin acetate implant radiation, 235 radiation alone) with bulky primary tumors confined to the prostate (stage B2) or extending beyond the capsule (stage C), with or without pelvic node involvement.In this multicentered, controlled trial, administration of flutamide capsules (250 mg t.i.d.) and goserelin acetate (3.6 mg depot) prior to and during radiation was associated with significantly lower rate of local failure compared to radiation alone (16% vs. 33% at years, < 0.001). The combination therapy also resulted in trend toward reduction in the incidence of distant metastases (27% vs. 36% at years, = 0.058). Median disease-free survival was significantly increased in patients who received complete hormonal therapy combined with radiation as compared to those patients who received radiation alone (4.4 vs. 2.6 years, < 0.001). Inclusion of normal PSA level as criterion for disease-free survival also resulted in significantly increased median disease-free survival in patients receiving the combination therapy (2.7 vs. 1.5 years, < 0.001).. Stage D2 Prostatic Carcinoma. To study the effects of combination therapy in metastatic disease, 617 patients (311 leuprolide flutamide, 306 leuprolide placebo) with previously untreated advanced prostatic carcinoma were enrolled in large multicentered, controlled clinical trial.Three and one-half years after the study was initiated, median survival had been reached. The median actuarial survival time was 34.9 months for patients treated with leuprolide and flutamide versus 27.9 months for patients treated with leuprolide alone. This month increment represents 25% improvement in overall survival time with the flutamide therapy. Analysis of progression-free survival showed 2.6 month improvement in patients who received leuprolide plus flutamide, 19% increment over leuprolide and placebo.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

CONTRAINDICATIONS. Flutamide capsules are contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to flutamide or any component of this preparation.Flutamide capsules are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment (baseline hepatic enzymes should be evaluated prior to treatment).

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

DESCRIPTION. Flutamide capsules, USP contain flutamide, an acetanilid, nonsteroidal, orally active antiandrogen having the chemical name, ,,-Trifluoro-2-methyl-4-nitro-m-propionotoluidide and has the following structural formula:C11H11F3N2O3 M.W. 276.21Flutamide is buff to yellow powder. Each capsule, for oral administration, contains 125 mg flutamide and has the following inactive ingredients: black iron oxide, corn starch, D&C yellow 10 aluminum lake, FD&C blue aluminum lake, FD&C blue aluminum lake, FD&C red 40 aluminum lake, gelatin, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, red iron oxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide.. iamge.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. The recommended dosage is capsules times day at hour intervals for total daily dose of 750 mg.

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

Drug Interactions. Increases in prothrombin time have been noted in patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy after flutamide was initiated. Therefore close monitoring of prothrombin time is recommended and adjustment of the anticoagulant dose may be necessary when flutamide capsules are administered concomitantly with warfarin.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

HOW SUPPLIED. Flutamide capsules, USP, 125 mg are available as light brown opaque body and light brown opaque cap linear printed with Cipla logo in black ink on cap and 915 along with 125 mg in black ink on body. They are supplied as follows:Bottle of 180 NDC 69097-915-91Bottle of 500 NDC 69097-915-12Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP, with child-resistant closure (as required).KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].Manufactured by:CIPLA Verna. Goa, IndiaManufactured for:Cipla USA, Inc. 1560 Sawgrass Corporate Parkway. Suite 130 Miami, FL 33323Issued: 05/2017.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

OVERDOSAGE. In animal studies with flutamide alone, signs of overdose included hypoactivity, piloerection, slow respiration, ataxia, and/or lacrimation, anorexia, tranquilization, emesis, and methemoglobinemia.Clinical trials have been conducted with flutamide in doses up to 1500 mg per day for periods up to 36 weeks with no serious adverse effects reported. Those adverse reactions reported included gynecomastia, breast tenderness, and some increases in SGOT. The single dose of flutamide ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdose or considered to be life-threatening has not been established.Flutamide is highly protein bound and is not cleared by hemodialysis. As in the management of overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been taken. If vomiting does not occur spontaneously, it should be induced if the patient is alert. General supportive care, including frequent monitoring of the vital signs and close observation of the patient, is indicated.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. RX only NDC 69097-915-91FlutamideCapsules, USP125mgEach capsule contains 125 mg flutamide, USP.180 tabletsCiplaRX only NDC 69097-915-12FlutamideCapsules, USP125mgEach capsule contains 125 mg flutamide, USP.500 tabletsCipla. image-2. flutamide.

PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION SECTION.

PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION SECTION. Rx onlyImportant information for patients taking flutamide capsules Read this information carefully each time your prescription is refilled because there may be new information available. This summary does not tell you everything you need to know about flutamide therapy. Your doctor is the best source of information about your treatment. Ask your doctor about questions you have.What is flutamide therapy Flutamide, in combination with other therapies, is treatment option for men with some types of prostate cancer.Prostate cancer results from the abnormal growth of prostate cells. Medical scientists do not know exactly what causes the abnormal cells, but age, environment and genetics are important factors. Male hormones (androgens) cause the cancer to grow. The cancer growth can be slowed down by blocking the effect of androgens.The flutamide product is used together with an injection called LHRH agonist, as combined treatment called total androgen blockade. The goal of this treatment is to reduce androgen levels and to block the effect of androgen on the tumor. The LHRH agonist reduces androgen levels. Flutamide therapy blocks the effect of androgen on the tumor.Who should not take the flutamide product You should not take flutamide if you have liver problems or if you are allergic to it. Flutamide is for use only in men; therefore women should not take flutamide.Are there important risks should know about flutamide therapy Some men taking the flutamide product had liver injury and needed to be hospitalized. In rare cases, men died because of liver failure while they were taking flutamide. In about half of these cases, the liver failure occurred in the first months that they were taking flutamide.Because the flutamide product may cause liver failure, it is very important that you have all blood tests recommended by your doctor. These tests help identify whether you are having liver problems. recommended schedule for these blood tests is:before starting flutamide treatmentevery month for the first months of therapyperiodically after the first monthsIn addition, you should call your doctor right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms:loss of appetitenausea and vomitingstomach or abdominal painfatigue (feeling extremely tired)flu-like symptoms (muscle aches, soreness)brown urinejaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes)drink plenty of fluidsreduce your intake of dairy products (for example, milk, cheese, yogurt)increase your intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetablesstop laxative usetake non-prescription anti-diarrheal medicinesIf your diarrhea continues or it becomes severe, contact your doctor right away.Are there any other lab tests my doctor will be performing Your doctor may perform other regular tests (such as the PSA blood test) to ensure that your body is responding to treatment. Ask your doctor if you have any questions about how your flutamide therapy is being monitored.Where can get further support Please ask your doctor about any questions concerning prostate cancer or flutamide therapy, or you can also ask for more detailed leaflet that is written for healthcare professionals.Manufactured by:CIPLA Verna. Goa, IndiaManufactured for:Cipla USA, Inc. 1560 Sawgrass Corporate Parkway. Suite 130 Miami, FL 33323Issued: 05/2017. before starting flutamide treatment. every month for the first months of therapy. periodically after the first months. loss of appetite. nausea and vomiting. stomach or abdominal pain. fatigue (feeling extremely tired). flu-like symptoms (muscle aches, soreness). brown urine. jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes). drink plenty of fluids. reduce your intake of dairy products (for example, milk, cheese, yogurt). increase your intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. stop laxative use. take non-prescription anti-diarrheal medicines.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

Pharmacokinetics. Absorption. Analysis of plasma, urine, and feces following single oral 200 mg dose of tritium-labeled flutamide to human volunteers showed that the drug is rapidly and completely absorbed. Following single 250 mg oral dose to normal adult volunteers, the biologically active alpha-hydroxylated metabolite reaches maximum plasma concentrations in about hours, indicating that it is rapidly formed from flutamide. Food has no effect on bioavailability of flutamide.. Distribution. In male rats neither flutamide nor any of its metabolites is preferentially accumulated in any tissue except the prostate after an oral mg/kg dose of 14C-flutamide. Total drug levels were highest hours after drug administration in all tissues. Levels declined at roughly similar rates to low levels at 18 hours. The major metabolite was present at higher concentrations than flutamide in all tissues studied. Following single 250 mg oral dose to normal adult volunteers, low plasma levels of flutamide were detected. The plasma half-life for the alpha-hydroxylated metabolite of flutamide is about hours. Flutamide, in vivo, at steady-state plasma concentrations of 24 to 78 ng/mL, is 94% to 96% bound to plasma proteins. The active metabolite of flutamide, in vivo, at steady-state plasma concentrations of 1556 to 2284 ng/mL, is 92% to 94% bound to plasma proteins.. Metabolism. The composition of plasma radioactivity, following single 200 mg oral dose of tritium-labeled flutamide to normal adult volunteers, showed that flutamide is rapidly and extensively metabolized, with flutamide comprising only 2.5% of plasma radioactivity hour after administration. At least metabolites have been identified in plasma. The major plasma metabolite is biologically active alpha-hydroxylated derivative which accounts for 23% of the plasma tritium hour after drug administration. The major urinary metabolite is 2-amino-5-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol.. Excretion. Flutamide and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine with only 4.2% of the dose excreted in the feces over 72 hours.Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Flutamide and Hydroxyflutamide in Geriatric Volunteers (mean +- SD) Single DoseSteady State Flutamide HydroxyflutamideFlutamideHydroxyflutamideCm x (ng/mL) 25.2 +- 34.2 894 +- 406 113 +- 213 1629 +- 586 Elimination half-life (hr) 8.1 +- 1.3 7.8 9.6 +- 2.5 Tm x (hr) 1.9 +- 0.7 2.7 +- 1.3 +- 0.7 1.9 +- 0.6 Cm n (ng/mL) - 673 +- 316.

PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

PRECAUTIONS. General. In clinical trials, gynecomastia occurred in 9% of patients receiving flutamide together with medical castration.. Information for Patients. Patients should be informed that flutamide capsules and the drug used for medical castration should be administered concomitantly, and that they should not interrupt their dosing or stop taking these medications without consulting their physician.. Laboratory Tests. Regular assessment of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) may be helpful in monitoring the patients response. If PSA levels rise significantly and consistently during flutamide therapy the patient should be evaluated for clinical progression. For patients who have objective progression of disease together with an elevated PSA, treatment-free period of antiandrogen while continuing the LHRH analogue may be considered.. Drug Interactions. Increases in prothrombin time have been noted in patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy after flutamide was initiated. Therefore close monitoring of prothrombin time is recommended and adjustment of the anticoagulant dose may be necessary when flutamide capsules are administered concomitantly with warfarin.. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. In 1 year dietary study in male rats, interstitial cell adenomas of the testes were present in 49% to 75% of all treated rats (daily oral doses of 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg/day were administered). These produce plasma Cmax values that are 1, to 3, and fold, respectively, those associated with therapeutic doses in humans. In male rats similarly dosed for year, tumors were still present after year of drug-free period, but the incidences were 43% to 47%. In 2 year carcinogenicity study in male rats, daily administration of flutamide at these same doses produced testicular interstitial cell adenomas in 91% to 95% of all treated rats as opposed to 11% of untreated control rats. Mammary adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and fibroadenomas were increased in treated male rats at exposure levels that were to fold those observed during therapeutic dosing in humans. There are likewise reports of malignant breast neoplasms in men treated with flutamide capsules (see ADVERSE REACTIONS section).Flutamide did not demonstrate DNA modifying activity in the Ames Salmonella/Microsome Mutagenesis Assay. Dominant lethal tests in rats were negative.Reduced sperm counts were observed during 6 week study of flutamide monotherapy in normal human volunteers.Flutamide did not affect estrous cycles or interfere with the mating behavior of male and female rats when the drug was administered at 25 and 75 mg/kg/day prior to mating. Males treated with 150 mg/kg/day (30 times the minimum effective antiandrogenic dose) failed to mate; mating behavior returned to normal after dosing was stopped. Conception rates were decreased in all dosing groups. Suppression of spermatogenesis was observed in rats dosed for 52 weeks at approximately 3, 8, or 17 times the human dose and in dogs dosed for 78 weeks at 1.4, 2.3, and 3.7 times the human dose.. Animal Toxicology. Serious cardiac lesions were observed in 2/10 beagle dogs receiving 25 mg/kg/day for 78 weeks and 3/16 receiving 40 mg/kg/day for to years. These lesions, indicative of chronic injury and repair processes, included chronic myxomatous degeneration, intra-atrial fibrosis, myocardial acidophilic degeneration, vasculitis and perivasculitis. The doses at which these lesions occurred were associated with 2-hydroxyflutamide levels that were to 12 fold greater than those observed in humans at therapeutic levels.. Pregnancy. Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category There was decreased 24 hour survival in the offspring of pregnant rats treated with flutamide at doses of 30, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day (approximately 3, 9, and 19 times the human dose). slight increase in minor variations in the development of the sternebrae and vertebrae was seen in fetuses of cats treated with two higher doses. Feminization of the male cats also occurred at the two higher dose levels. There was decreased survival rate in the offspring of rabbits receiving the highest dose (15 mg/kg/day, equal to 1.4 times the human dose).

PREGNANCY SECTION.

Pregnancy. Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category There was decreased 24 hour survival in the offspring of pregnant rats treated with flutamide at doses of 30, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day (approximately 3, 9, and 19 times the human dose). slight increase in minor variations in the development of the sternebrae and vertebrae was seen in fetuses of cats treated with two higher doses. Feminization of the male cats also occurred at the two higher dose levels. There was decreased survival rate in the offspring of rabbits receiving the highest dose (15 mg/kg/day, equal to 1.4 times the human dose).

TERATOGENIC EFFECTS SECTION.

Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category There was decreased 24 hour survival in the offspring of pregnant rats treated with flutamide at doses of 30, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day (approximately 3, 9, and 19 times the human dose). slight increase in minor variations in the development of the sternebrae and vertebrae was seen in fetuses of cats treated with two higher doses. Feminization of the male cats also occurred at the two higher dose levels. There was decreased survival rate in the offspring of rabbits receiving the highest dose (15 mg/kg/day, equal to 1.4 times the human dose).

WARNINGS SECTION.

WARNINGS. Hepatic Injury. See BOXED WARNINGS. Use in Women. Flutamide capsules are for use only in men. This product has no indication for women and should not be used in this population, particularly for nonserious or non life-threatening conditions.. Fetal Toxicity. Flutamide may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant woman (see Pregnancy).. Aniline Toxicity. One metabolite of flutamide is 4-nitro-3-fluoro-methylaniline. Several toxicities consistent with aniline exposure, including methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia and cholestatic jaundice have been observed in both animals and humans after flutamide administration. In patients susceptible to aniline toxicity (e.g., persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hemoglobin disease and smokers), monitoring of methemoglobin levels should be considered.