ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. The following adverse reactions to Lanreotide injection are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis[see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Cardiovascular Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Thyroid Function Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis[see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Cardiovascular Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Thyroid Function Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Most common adverse reactions are:Acromegaly (>5%): diarrhea, cholelithiasis, abdominal pain, nausea and injection site reactions. (6.1)GEP-NET (>10%): abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain, vomiting, headache, injection site reaction, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cholelithiasis. (6.1)To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Exelan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-866-604-3268 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Acromegaly (>5%): diarrhea, cholelithiasis, abdominal pain, nausea and injection site reactions. (6.1). GEP-NET (>10%): abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain, vomiting, headache, injection site reaction, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cholelithiasis. (6.1). 6.1Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.AcromegalyThe data described below reflect exposure to Lanreotide injection in 416 acromegalic patients in seven studies. One study was fixed-dose pharmacokinetic study. The other six studies were open-label or extension studies, one had placebo-controlled, run-in period, and another had an active control. The population was mainly Caucasian (329/353, 93%) with median age of 53 years of age (range 19 to 84 years). Fifty-four subjects (13%) were age 66 to 74 and 18 subjects (4.3%) were 75 years of age and older.Patients were evenly matched for sex (205 males and 211 females). The median average monthly dose was 91.2 mg (e.g., 90 mg injected via the deep subcutaneous route every weeks) over 385 days with median cumulative dose of 1290 mg. Of the patients reporting acromegaly, severity at baseline (N=265), serum GH levels were less than 10 ng/mL for 69% (183/265) of the patients and 10 ng/mL or greater for 31% (82/265) of the patients.The most commonly reported adverse reactions reported by greater than 5% of patients who received Lanreotide injection (N=416) in the overall pooled safety studies in acromegaly patients were gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, flatulence, vomiting, loose stools), cholelithiasis, and injection site reactions.Tables and present adverse reaction data from clinical studies with Lanreotide injection in acromegalic patients. The tables include data from single clinical study and pooled data from seven clinical studies.Adverse Reactions in Parallel Fixed-Dose Phase of Study 1The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse reactions for Lanreotide injection 60, 90, and 120 mg by dose as reported during the first months (fixed-dose phase) of Study [see Clinical Studies (14.1)] are provided in Table 1.Table 1: Adverse Reactions at an Incidence of Greater than 5% with Lanreotide Acetate Overall and Occurring at Higher Rate than Placebo: Placebo-Controlled and Fixed-Dose Phase of Study By DoseA patient is counted only once for each body system and preferred term.Dictionary WHOART.Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind PhaseWeeks to 4Fixed-Dose Phase Double-Blind Single-BlindWeeks to 20Body System Preferred TermPlacebo (N=25)LANREOTIDE ACETATE Overall (N=83)LANREOTIDE ACETATE 60 mg (N=34)LANREOTIDE ACETATE 90 mg (N=36)LANREOTIDE ACETATE 120 mg (N=37)LANREOTIDE ACETATE Overall (N=107)N (%)N (%)N (%)N (%)N (%)N (%)Gastrointestinal System Disorders1 (4%)30 (36%)12 (35%)21 (58%)27 (73%)60 (56%) Diarrhea Abdominal pain Flatulence01 (4%)026 (31%)6 (7%)5 (6%)9 (26%)3 (9%)0 (0%)15 (42%)6 (17%)3 (8%)24 (65%)7 (19%)5 (14%)48 (45%)16 (15%)8 (7%)Application Site Disorders(Injection site mass/ pain/ reaction/ inflammation)0 (0%)5 (6%)3 (9%)4 (11%)8 (22%)15 (14%)Liver and Biliary System Disorders1 (4%)3 (4%)9 (26%)7 (19%)4 (11%)20 (19%) Cholelithiasis02 (2%)5 (15%)6 (17%)3 (8%)14 (13%)Heart Rate Rhythm Disorders08 (10%)7 (21%)2 (6%)5 (14%)14 (13%) Bradycardia07 (8%)6 (18%)2 (6%)2 (5%)10 (9%)Red Blood Cell Disorders06 (7%)2 (6%)5 (14%)2 (5%)9 (8%) Anemia06 (7%)2 (6%)5 (14%)2 (5%)9 (8%)Metabolic Nutritional Disorders3 (12%)13 (16%)8 (24%)9 (25%)4 (11%)21 (20%) Weight decrease07 (8%)3 (9%)4 (11%)2 (5%)9 (8%)In Study 1, the adverse reactions of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and flatulence increased in incidence with increasing dose of Lanreotide injection.Adverse Reactions in Long-Term Clinical TrialsTable provides the most common adverse reactions (greater than 5%) that occurred in 416 acromegalic patients treated with Lanreotide injection pooled from studies compared to those patients from the efficacy studies (Studies and 2). Patients with elevated GH and IGF-1 levels were either naive to somatostatin analog therapy or had undergone 3-month washout [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].Table 2: Adverse Reactions in Lanreotide Acetate -Treated Patients at an Incidence Greater than 5% in Overall Group Versus Adverse Reactions Reported in Studies and 2Dictionary MedDRA 7.1System Organ ClassNumber and Percentage of PatientsStudies & (N=170)Overall Pooled Data (N=416)N%N%Patients with any Adverse Reactions1579235686Gastrointestinal disorders1217123557 Diarrhea814815537 Abdominal pain34207919 Nausea1594611 Constipation95338 Flatulence127307 Vomiting85287 Loose stools169236Hepatobiliary disorders53319924 Cholelithiasis45278520General disorders and administration site conditions51309122 (Injection site pain /mass /induration/nodule/pruritus)2817379Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders44267017 Arthralgia1710307Nervous system disorders34208019 Headache95307In addition to the adverse reactions listed in Table 2, the following reactions were also seen:Sinus bradycardia occurred in 7% (12) of patients in the pooled Study and and in 3% (13) of patients in the overall pooled studies.Hypertension occurred in 7% (11) of patients in the pooled Study and and in 5% (20) of patients in the overall pooled studies.Anemia occurred in 7% (12) of patients in the pooled Study and and in 3% (14) of patients in the overall pooled studies.Gastrointestinal Adverse ReactionsIn the pooled clinical studies of Lanreotide injection therapy, variety of gastrointestinal (GI) reactions occurred, the majority of which were mild to moderate in severity. One percent of acromegalic patients treated with Lanreotide injection in the pooled clinical studies discontinued treatment because of gastrointestinal reactions.Pancreatitis was reported in less than 1% of patients.Gallbladder Adverse ReactionsIn clinical studies involving 416 acromegalic patients treated with Lanreotide injection, cholelithiasis and gallbladder sludge were reported in 20% of the patients. Among 167 acromegalic patients treated with Lanreotide injection who underwent routine evaluation with gallbladder ultrasound, 17% had gallstones at baseline. New cholelithiasis was reported in 12% of patients. Cholelithiasis may be related to dose or duration of exposure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Injection Site ReactionsIn the pooled clinical studies, injection site pain (4%) and injection site mass (2%) were the most frequently reported local adverse drug reactions that occurred with the administration of Lanreotide injection. In specific analysis, 20 of 413 patients (5%) presented indurations at the injection site. Injection site adverse reactions were more commonly reported soon after the start of treatment and were less commonly reported as treatment continued. Such adverse reactions were usually mild or moderate but did lead to withdrawal from clinical studies in two subjects.Glucose Metabolism Adverse ReactionsIn the clinical studies in acromegalic patients treated with Lanreotide injection, adverse reactions of dysglycemia (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes) were reported by 14% (47/332) of patients and were considered related to study drug in 7% (24/332) of patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Cardiac Adverse ReactionsIn the pooled clinical studies, sinus bradycardia (3%) was the most frequently observed heart rate and rhythm disorder. All other cardiac adverse drug reactions were observed in less than 1% of patients. The relationship of these events to Lanreotide injection could not be established because many of these patients had underlying cardiac disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].A comparative echocardiography study of lanreotide and another somatostatin analog demonstrated no difference in the development of new or worsening valvular regurgitation between the treatments over year. The occurrence of clinically significant mitral regurgitation (i.e., moderate or severe in intensity) or of clinically significant aortic regurgitation (i.e., at least mild in intensity) was low in both groups of patients throughout the study.Other Adverse ReactionsFor the most commonly occurring adverse reactions in the pooled analysis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cholelithiasis, there was no apparent trend for increasing incidence with age. GI disorders and renal and urinary disorders were more common in patients with documented hepatic impairment; however, the incidence of cholelithiasis was similar between groups.Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsThe safety of Lanreotide injection 120 mg for the treatment of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) was evaluated in Study 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients in Study were randomized to receive Lanreotide injection (N=101) or placebo (N=103) administered by deep subcutaneous injection once every weeks. The data below reflect exposure to Lanreotide injection in 101 patients with GEP-NETs, including 87 patients exposed for at least months and 72 patients exposed for at least year (median duration of exposure 22 months). Patients treated with Lanreotide injection had median age of 64 years (range 30 to 83 years), 53% were men and 96% were Caucasian. Eighty-one percent of patients (83/101) in the Lanreotide injection arm and 82% of patients (82/103) in the placebo arm did not have disease progression within months of enrollment and had not received prior therapy for GEP-NETs. The rates of discontinuation due to treatment-emergent adverse reactions were 5% (5/101 patients) in the Lanreotide injection arm and 3% (3/103 patients) in the placebo arm.Table compares the adverse reactions reported with an incidence of 5% and greater in patients receiving Lanreotide injection 120 mg administered every weeks and reported more commonly than placebo.Table 3: Adverse Reactions Occurring in 5% and Greater of Lanreotide Acetate -Treated Patients and at Higher Rate Than in Placebo- Treated Patients in Study 3Adverse ReactionLANREOTIDE ACETATE 120 mgN=101PlaceboN=103Any (%)SevereIncludes preferred terms of depression, depressed mood (%)Any (%)Severe (%)Any Adverse Reactions88269031Abdominal painDefined as hazardous to well-being, significant impairment of function or incapacitation 34Includes preferred terms of hypertension, hypertensive crisis 24 4Musculoskeletal painIncludes preferred terms of abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper/lower, abdominal discomfort 19 13 2Vomiting19 9 Headache160111Injection site reactionIncludes one or more serious adverse events (SAEs) defined as any event that results in death, is life threatening, results in hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability, results in congenital anomaly/birth defect, or may jeopardize the patient and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed. 15070HyperglycemiaIncludes preferred terms of myalgia, musculoskeletal discomfort, musculoskeletal pain, back pain 14 050HypertensionIncludes preferred terms of infusion site extravasation, injection site discomfort, injection site granuloma, injections site hematoma, injection site hemorrhage, injection site induration, injection site mass, injections site nodule, injection site pain, injection site pruritus, injection site rash, injection site reaction, injection site swelling 14 50Cholelithiasis14 70Dizziness902 0DepressionIncludes preferred terms of diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance impaired, hyperglycemia, type diabetes mellitus 7010Dyspnea6010. Sinus bradycardia occurred in 7% (12) of patients in the pooled Study and and in 3% (13) of patients in the overall pooled studies.. Hypertension occurred in 7% (11) of patients in the pooled Study and and in 5% (20) of patients in the overall pooled studies.. Anemia occurred in 7% (12) of patients in the pooled Study and and in 3% (14) of patients in the overall pooled studies.. 6.2 Immunogenicity. As with all peptides, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to lanreotide in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.Laboratory investigations of acromegalic patients treated with Lanreotide injection in clinical studies show that the percentage of patients with putative antibodies at any time point after treatment is low (less than 1% to 4% of patients in specific studies whose antibodies were tested). The antibodies did not appear to affect the efficacy or safety of Lanreotide injection.In Study 3, development of anti-lanreotide antibodies was assessed using radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In patients with GEP NETs receiving Lanreotide injection the incidence of anti-lanreotide antibodies was 4% (3 of 82) at 24 weeks, 10% (7 of 67) at 48 weeks, 11% (6 of 57) at 72 weeks, and 10% (8 of 84) at 96 weeks. Assessment for neutralizing antibodies was not conducted.. 6.3Postmarketing Experience. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Lanreotide injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.Hepatobiliary: steatorrhea; cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, which have sometimes required cholecystectomyHypersensitivity: angioedema and anaphylaxisInjection site reactions: injection site abscess.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Standard lifetime carcinogenicity bioassays were conducted in mice and rats. Mice were given daily subcutaneous doses of lanreotide at 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg for 104 weeks. Cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors of fibrous connective tissues at the injection sites were observed at the high dose of 30 mg/kg/day. Fibrosarcomas in both genders and malignant fibrous histiocytomas were observed in males at 30 mg/kg/day resulting in exposures times higher than the clinical therapeutic exposure at the maximum therapeutic dose of 120 mg given by monthly subcutaneous injection based on the AUC values. Rats were given daily subcutaneous doses of lanreotide at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/kg for 104 weeks. Increased cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors of fibrous connective tissues at the injection sites were observed at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day resulting in exposures less than the clinical therapeutic exposure at 120 mg given by monthly subcutaneous injection. The increased incidence of injection site tumors in rodents is likely related to the increased dosing frequency (daily) in animals compared to monthly dosing in humans and therefore may not be clinically relevant.Lanreotide was not genotoxic in tests for gene mutations in bacterial mutagenicity (Ames) assay, or mouse lymphoma cell assay with or without metabolic activation. Lanreotide was not genotoxic in tests for the detection of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.In fertility study conducted with lanreotide in rats, reduced female fecundity was observed at estimated exposure corresponding to approximately 10-fold the plasma exposure at the MRHD of 120 mg. The fertility of male rats was unaffected by the treatment up to an estimated exposure corresponding to approximately 11-fold the plasma exposure at the MRHD of 120 mg.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Lanreotide, the active component of Lanreotide acetate is an octapeptide analog of natural somatostatin. The mechanism of action of lanreotide is believed to be similar to that of natural somatostatin.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Lanreotide has high affinity for human somatostatin receptors (SSTR) and and reduced binding affinity for human SSTR1, 3, and 4. Activity at human SSTR2 and is the primary mechanism believed responsible for GH inhibition. Like somatostatin, lanreotide is an inhibitor of various endocrine, neuroendocrine, exocrine, and paracrine functions.The primary pharmacodynamic effect of lanreotide is reduction of GH and/or IGF-1 levels enabling normalization of levels in acromegalic patients [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. In acromegalic patients, lanreotide reduces GH levels in dose-dependent way. After single injection of Lanreotide acetate, plasma GH levels fall rapidly and are maintained for at least 28 days.Lanreotide inhibits the basal secretion of motilin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide, but has no significant effect on the secretion of secretin. Lanreotide inhibits postprandial secretion of pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, and cholecystokinin (CCK). In healthy subjects, lanreotide produces reduction and delay in postprandial insulin secretion, resulting in transient, mild glucose intolerance.Lanreotide inhibits meal-stimulated pancreatic secretions, and reduces duodenal bicarbonate and amylase concentrations, and produces transient reduction in gastric acidity.Lanreotide has been shown to inhibit gallbladder contractility and bile secretion in healthy subjects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].In healthy subjects, lanreotide inhibits meal-induced increases in superior mesenteric artery and portal venous blood flow, but has no effect on basal or meal-stimulated renal blood flow. Lanreotide has no effect on renal plasma flow or renal vascular resistance. However, transient decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and filtration fraction has been observed after single injection of lanreotide.In healthy subjects, non-significant reductions in glucagon levels were seen after lanreotide administration. In diabetic non-acromegalic subjects receiving continuous infusion (21-day) of lanreotide, serum glucose concentrations were temporarily decreased by 20% to 30% after the start and end of the infusion. Serum glucose concentrations returned to normal levels within 24 hours. significant decrease in insulin concentrations was recorded between baseline and Day only [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].Lanreotide inhibits the nocturnal increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) seen in healthy subjects. Lanreotide reduces prolactin levels in acromegalic patients treated on long-term basis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. Lanreotide acetate is thought to form drug depot at the injection site due to the interaction of the formulation with physiological fluids. The most likely mechanism of drug release is passive diffusion of the precipitated drug from the depot towards the surrounding tissues, followed by the absorption to the bloodstream.After single, deep subcutaneous administration, the mean absolute bioavailability of Lanreotide acetate in healthy subjects was 73.4, 69.0, and 78.4% for the 60 mg, 90 mg, and 120 mg doses, respectively. Mean Cmax values ranged from 4.3 to 8.4 ng/mL during the first day. Single-dose linearity was demonstrated with respect to AUC and Cmax, and showed high inter-subject variability. Lanreotide acetate showed sustained release of lanreotide with half-life of 23 to 30 days. Mean serum concentrations were 1 ng/mL throughout 28 days at 90 mg and 120 mg and 0.9 ng/mL at 60 mg.In studies evaluating excretion, <5% of lanreotide was excreted in urine and less than 0.5% was recovered unchanged in feces, indicative of some biliary excretion.AcromegalyIn repeat-dose administration pharmacokinetics (PK) study in acromegalic patients, rapid initial release was seen giving peak levels during the first day after administration. At doses of Lanreotide acetate between 60 and 120 mg, linear pharmacokinetics were observed in acromegalic patients. At steady state, mean Cmax values were 3.8 +- 0.5, 5.7 +- 1.7, and 7.7 +- 2.5 ng/mL, increasing linearly with dose. The mean accumulation ratio index was 2.7, which is in line with the range of values for the half-life of Lanreotide acetate. The steady- state trough serum lanreotide concentrations in patients receiving Lanreotide acetate every 28 days were 1.8 +- 0.3; 2.5 +- 0.9 and 3.8 +- 1.0 ng/mL at 60 mg, 90 mg, and 120 mg doses, respectively. limited initial burst effect and low peak-to-trough fluctuation (81% to 108%) of the serum concentration at the plateau were observed.For the same doses, similar values were obtained in clinical studies after at least four administrations (2.3 +- 0.9, 3.2 +- 1.1, and 4.0 +- 1.4 ng/mL, respectively).Pharmacokinetic data from studies evaluating extended dosing use of Lanreotide injection 120 mg demonstrated mean steady-state, Cmin values between 1.6 and 2.3 ng/mL for the 8- and 6-week treatment interval, respectively.Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsIn patients with GEP-NETs treated with Lanreotide injection 120 mg every weeks, steady state concentrations were reached after to injections and the mean trough serum lanreotide concentrations at steady state ranged from 5.3 to 8.6 ng/mL.Specific PopulationsLanreotide injection has not been studied in specific populations. However, the pharmacokinetics of lanreotide in renal impaired, hepatic impaired, and geriatric subjects were evaluated after IV administration of lanreotide immediate release formulation (IRF) at mcg/kg dose.GeriatricStudies in healthy elderly subjects showed an 85% increase in half-life and 65% increase in mean residence time (MRT) of lanreotide compared to those seen in healthy young subjects; however, there was no change in either AUC or Cmax of lanreotide in elderly as compared to healthy young subjects. Age has no effect on clearance of lanreotide based on population PK analysis in patients with GEP-NET which included 122 patients aged 65 to 85 years with neuroendocrine tumors.Renal ImpairmentAn approximate 2-fold decrease in total serum clearance of lanreotide, with consequent 2--fold increase in half-life and AUC was observed. Patients with acromegaly and with moderate to severe renal impairment should begin treatment with Lanreotide injection 60 mg. Caution should be exercised when considering patients with moderate or severe renal impairment for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks.Mild (CLcr 60-89 mL/min) or moderate (CLcr 30-59 mL/min) renal impairment has no effect on clearance of lanreotide in patients with GEP-NET based on population PK analysis which included 106 patients with mild and 59 patients with moderate renal impairment treated with Lanreotide injection. GEP-NET patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr 30 mL/min) were not studied.Hepatic ImpairmentIn subjects with moderate to severe hepatic impairment, 30% reduction in clearance of lanreotide was observed. Patients with acromegaly and with moderate to severe hepatic impairment should begin treatment with Lanreotide injection 60 mg. Caution should be exercised when considering patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks.The effect of hepatic impairment on clearance of lanreotide has not been studied in patients with GEP-NET.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. 14.1 Acromegaly. The effect of Lanreotide injection on reducing GH and IGF-levels and control of symptoms in patients with acromegaly was studied in long-term, multiple-dose, randomized, multicenter studies.Study 1This 1-year study included 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase; 16-week single-blind, fixed-dose phase; and 32-week, open-label, dose-titration phase. Patients with active acromegaly, based on biochemical tests and medical history, entered 12-week washout period if there was previous treatment with somatostatin analog or dopaminergic agonist.Upon entry, patients were randomly allocated to receive single, deep subcutaneous injection of Lanreotide injection 60, 90, or 120 mg or placebo. Four weeks later, patients entered fixed-dose phase where they received injections of Lanreotide injection followed by dose-titration phase of injections for total of 13 injections over 52 weeks (including the placebo phase). Injections were given at 4-week intervals. During the dose-titration phase of the study, the dose was titrated twice (every fourth injection), as needed, according to individual GH and IGF-1 levels.A total of 108 patients (51 males, 57 females) were enrolled in the initial placebo-controlled phase of the study. Half (54/108) of the patients had never been treated with somatostatin analog or dopamine agonist, or had stopped treatment for at least months prior to their participation in the study and were required to have mean GH level greater than ng/mL at their first visit. The other half of the patients had received prior treatment with somatostatin analog or dopamine agonist before study entry and at study entry were required to have mean GH concentration greater than ng/mL and at least 100% increase in mean GH concentration after washout of medication.One hundred and seven (107) patients completed the placebo-controlled phase, 105 patients completed the fixed-dose phase, and 99 patients completed the dose-titration phase. Patients not completing withdrew due to adverse events (5) or lack of efficacy (4).In the double-blind phase of Study 1, total of 52 (63%) of the 83 lanreotide-treated patients had greater than 50% decrease in mean GH from baseline to Week 4, including 52%, 44%, and 90% of patients in the 60, 90, and 120 mg groups, respectively, compared to placebo (0%, 0/25). In the fixed-dose phase at Week 16, 72% of all 107 lanreotide-treated patients had decrease from baseline in mean GH of greater than 50%, including 68% (23/34), 64% (23/36), and 84% (31/37) of patients in the 60, 90, and 120 mg lanreotide treatment groups, respectively. Efficacy achieved in the first 16 weeks was maintained for the duration of the study (see Table 4).Table 4: Overall Efficacy Results Based on GH and IGF-1 Levels by Treatment Phase in Study 11 n=105, 2n=102, 3Age-adjustedBaseline N=107Before Titration 1(16 weeks)N=107Before Titration 2(32 weeks)N=105Last Value Available Last Observation Carried Forward N=107GH<=5.0 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)20(19%)72(67%)76(72%)74(69%)<=2.5 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)0(0%)52(49%)59(56%)55(51%)<=1.0 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)0(0%)15(14%)18(17%)17(16%)Median GHng/mL10.272.532.202.43GH ReductionMedian Reduction--75.578.275.5IGF-1Normal3 Number of Responders (%)9(8%)58(54%)57(54%)62(58%)Median IGF-1ng/mL775.0332.01 316.52 326.0IGF-1 ReductionMedian Reduction--52.31 54.52 55.4IGF-1 Normal3 GH <=2.5 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)0(0%)41(38%)46(44%)44(41%)Study 2This was 48-week, open-label, uncontrolled, multicenter study that enrolled patients who had an IGF-1 concentration 1.3 times or greater than the upper limit of the normal age-adjusted range. Patients receiving treatment with somatostatin analog (other than Lanreotide injection) or dopaminergic agonist had to attain this IGF-1 concentration after washout period of up to months.Patients were initially enrolled in 4-month, fixed-dose phase where they received deep subcutaneous injections of Lanreotide injection 90 mg, at 4-week intervals. Patients then entered dose-titration phase where the dose of Lanreotide injection was adjusted based on GH and IGF-1 levels at the beginning of the dose-titration phase and, if necessary, again after another injections. Patients titrated up to the maximum dose (120 mg) were not allowed to titrate down again.A total of 63 patients (38 males, 25 females) entered the fixed-dose phase of the trial and 57 patients completed 48 weeks of treatment. Six patients withdrew due to adverse reactions (3), other reasons (2), or lack of efficacy (1).After 48 weeks of treatment with Lanreotide injection at 4-week intervals, 43% (27/63) of the acromegalic patients in this study achieved normal age-adjusted IGF-1 concentrations. Mean IGF-1 concentrations after treatment completion were 1.3 +- 0.7 times the upper limit of normal compared to 2.5 +- 1.1 times the upper limit of normal at baseline.The reduction in IGF-1 concentrations over time correlated with corresponding marked decrease in mean GH concentrations. The proportion of patients with mean GH concentrations less than 2.5 ng/mL increased significantly from 35% to 77% after the fixed-dose phase and 85% at the end of the study. At the end of treatment, 24/63 (38%) of patients had both normal IGF-1 concentrations and GH concentration of less than or equal to 2.5 ng/mL (see Table 5) and 17/63 patients (27%) had both normal IGF-1 concentrations and GH concentration of less than ng/mL.Table 5: Overall Efficacy Results Based on GH and IGF-1 Levels by Treatment Phase in Study 21 Age-adjusted, 2N= 62,Baseline N=63Before Titration 1(12 wks)N=63Before Titration 2(28 wks)N=59Last Value AvailableLast Observation Carried Forward N=63IGF-1Normal1 Number of Responders (%)0(0%)17(27%)22(37%)27(43%)Median IGF-1ng/mL689.0382.0334.0317.0IGF-1 ReductionMedian Reduction--41.051.050.3GH<=5.0 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)40(64%)59(94%)57(97%)62(98%)<=2.5 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)21(33%)47(75%)47(80%)54(86 %)<=1.0 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)8(13%)19(30%)18(31%)28(44%)Median GHng/Ml3.711.651.481.13GH ReductionMedian Reduction--63.266.778.62 IGF-1 normal1 GH <=2.5 ng/mLNumber of Responders (%)0(0%)14(22%)20(34%)24(38%)Examination of age and gender subgroups did not identify differences in response to Lanreotide injection among these subgroups. The limited number of patients in the different racial subgroups did not raise any concerns regarding efficacy of Lanreotide injection in these subgroups.. 14.2 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. The efficacy of Lanreotide injection was established in multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 204 patients with unresectable, well or moderately differentiated, metastatic or locally advanced, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Patients were required to have non-functioning tumors without hormone-related symptoms. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive Lanreotide injection 120 mg (n=101) or placebo (n=103) every weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or maximum of 96 weeks of treatment. Randomization was stratified by the presence or absence of prior therapy and by the presence or absence of disease progression within months of enrollment. The major efficacy outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS), defined as time to disease progression as assessed by central independent radiological review using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.0) or death.The median patient age was 63 years (range 30 to 92 years) and 95% were Caucasian. Disease progression was present in nine of 204 patients (4.4%) in the months prior to enrollment and 29 patients (14%) received prior chemotherapy. Ninety-one patients (45%) had primary sites of disease in the pancreas, with the remainder originating in the midgut (35%), hindgut (7%), or unknown primary location (13%). The majority (69%) of the study population had grade tumors. Baseline prognostic characteristics were similar between arms with one exception; there were 39% of patients in the Lanreotide injection arm and 27% of patients in the placebo arm who had hepatic involvement by tumor of greater than 25%.Patients on the Lanreotide injection arm had statistically significant improvement in PFS compared to patients receiving placebo (see Table and Figure 1).Table 6: Efficacy Results in Study 31 NE not reached at 22 months Hazard Ratio is derived from Cox stratified proportional hazards modelLANREOTIDE ACETATEPlacebon=101n=103Number of Events (%)32 (31.7%)60 (58.3%)Median PFS (months)(95% CI)NE1 (NE, NE)16.6 (11.2, 22.1)HR (95% CI)0.47 (0.30, 0.73)2 Log-rank p-value<0.001Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-Free Survival. Figure 1.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. Lanreotide injection is contraindicated in patients with history of hypersensitivity to lanreotide. Allergic reactions (including angioedema and anaphylaxis) have been reported following administration of lanreotide [see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].. Hypersensitivity to lanreotide. (4).

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11 DESCRIPTION. Lanreotide (lanreotide) injection 60 mg/0.2 mL, 90 mg/0.3 mL, and 120 mg/0.5 mL is prolonged-release formulation for deep subcutaneous injection. It contains the drug substance lanreotide acetate, synthetic octapeptide with biological activity similar to naturally occurring somatostatin, water for injection and acetic acid (for pH adjustment).Lanreotide injection is available as sterile, ready-to-use, single-dose prefilled syringes containing lanreotide acetate supersaturated bulk solution of 24.6% w/w lanreotide base.Each syringe contains:LANREOTIDE ACETATE 60 mg/0.2 mLLANREOTIDE ACETATE 90 mg/0.3 mLLANREOTIDE ACETATE 120 mg/0.5 mLLanreotide acetate89.9 mg123.2 mg156.6 mgAcetic Acidq.s.q.s.q.s.Water for injection236.4 mg324.1 mg411.6 mgTotal Weight328.9 mg450.9 mg572.8 mgLanreotide acetate is synthetic cyclical octapeptide analog of the natural hormone, somatostatin. Lanreotide acetate is chemically known as [cyclo S-S]-3-(2-naphthyl)-D- alanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threoninamide, acetate salt. Its molecular weight is 1096.34 (base) and its amino acid sequence is:The Lanreotide Injection in the prefilled syringe is white to pale yellow, semi-solid formulation.. Chemical Structure.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Administration (2.1):For deep subcutaneous injection only.Intended for administration by healthcare provider.Administer in the superior external quadrant of the buttock.Alternate injection sites.Recommended Dosage (2.1)Acromegaly: 90 mg every weeks for months. Adjust thereafter based on GH and/or IGF-1 levels. See full prescribing information for titration regimen.GEP-NETs: 120 mg every weeks.Dosage Adjustment:See full prescribing information for dosage adjustment in patients with acromegaly and renal or hepatic impairment. (2.3, 2.4). For deep subcutaneous injection only.. Intended for administration by healthcare provider.. Administer in the superior external quadrant of the buttock.. Alternate injection sites.. Acromegaly: 90 mg every weeks for months. Adjust thereafter based on GH and/or IGF-1 levels. See full prescribing information for titration regimen.. GEP-NETs: 120 mg every weeks.. See full prescribing information for dosage adjustment in patients with acromegaly and renal or hepatic impairment. (2.3, 2.4). 2.1 Important Administration Instructions. For deep subcutaneous injection only.Lanreotide injection is intended for administration by healthcare provider.PreparationRemove Lanreotide injection from the refrigerator 30 minutes prior to administration and allow to come to room temperature.Keep pouch sealed until just prior to injection.Product left in its sealed pouch at room temperature (not to exceed 104F or 40C) for up to 24 hours may be returned to the refrigerator for continued storage and use at later time.Prior to administration, inspect the Lanreotide injection syringe visually for particulate matter and discoloration. Do not administer if particulate matter or discoloration is observed. The content of the prefilled syringe is semi-solid phase having gel-like appearance, with viscous characteristics and color varying from white to pale yellow. The supersaturated solution can also contain micro bubbles that can clear up during injection. These differences are normal and do not interfere with the quality of the product.AdministrationAdminister as deep subcutaneous injection in the superior external quadrant of the buttock.Alternate the injection site between the right and left sides from one injection to the next.. For deep subcutaneous injection only.. Lanreotide injection is intended for administration by healthcare provider.. Remove Lanreotide injection from the refrigerator 30 minutes prior to administration and allow to come to room temperature.. Keep pouch sealed until just prior to injection.. Product left in its sealed pouch at room temperature (not to exceed 104F or 40C) for up to 24 hours may be returned to the refrigerator for continued storage and use at later time.. Prior to administration, inspect the Lanreotide injection syringe visually for particulate matter and discoloration. Do not administer if particulate matter or discoloration is observed. The content of the prefilled syringe is semi-solid phase having gel-like appearance, with viscous characteristics and color varying from white to pale yellow. The supersaturated solution can also contain micro bubbles that can clear up during injection. These differences are normal and do not interfere with the quality of the product.. Administer as deep subcutaneous injection in the superior external quadrant of the buttock.. Alternate the injection site between the right and left sides from one injection to the next.. 2.2Recommended Dosage. AcromegalyThe recommended starting dosage of Lanreotide injection is 90 mg given via the deep subcutaneous route, at 4-week intervals for months.After months, the dosage may be adjusted as follows:GH greater than ng/mL to less than or equal to 2.5 ng/mL, IGF-1 normal, and clinical symptoms controlled: maintain Lanreotide injection dosage at 90 mg every weeks.GH greater than 2.5 ng/mL, IGF-1 elevated, and/or clinical symptoms uncontrolled: increase Lanreotide injection dosage to 120 mg every weeks.GH less than or equal to ng/mL, IGF-1 normal, and clinical symptoms controlled: reduce Lanreotide injection dosage to 60 mg every weeks.Thereafter, the dosage should be adjusted according to the response of the patient as judged by reduction in serum GH and/or IGF-1 levels; and/or changes in symptoms of acromegaly.Patients who are controlled on Lanreotide injection 60 or 90 mg may be considered for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks. GH and IGF-1 levels should be obtained weeks after this change in dosing regimen to evaluate persistence of patient response.Continued monitoring of patient response with dosage adjustments for biochemical and clinical symptom control, as necessary, is recommended.Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs)The recommended dosage of Lanreotide injection is 120 mg administered every weeks by deep subcutaneous injection.. GH greater than ng/mL to less than or equal to 2.5 ng/mL, IGF-1 normal, and clinical symptoms controlled: maintain Lanreotide injection dosage at 90 mg every weeks.. GH greater than 2.5 ng/mL, IGF-1 elevated, and/or clinical symptoms uncontrolled: increase Lanreotide injection dosage to 120 mg every weeks.. GH less than or equal to ng/mL, IGF-1 normal, and clinical symptoms controlled: reduce Lanreotide injection dosage to 60 mg every weeks.. 2.3 Dosage Adjustment in Renal Impairment. AcromegalyThe recommended starting dosage of Lanreotide injection in acromegalic patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min) is 60 mg via the deep subcutaneous route at 4-week intervals for months followed by dosage adjustment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].. 2.4 Dosage Adjustment in Hepatic Impairment. AcromegalyThe recommended starting dosage of Lanreotide injection in acromegalic patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class or C) is 60 mg via the deep subcutaneous route at 4-week intervals for months followed by dosage adjustment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Injection: 60 mg/0.2 mL, 90 mg/0.3 mL, and 120 mg/0.5 mL sterile, single-dose, prefilled syringes fitted with an automatic needle guard. The prefilled syringes contain white to pale yellow, semi-solid formulation.. Injection: 60 mg/0.2 mL, 90 mg/0.3 mL, and 120 mg/0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringes (3).

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS. Cyclosporine: Lanreotide injection may decrease the absorption of cyclosporine. Dosage adjustment of cyclosporine may needed. (7.2)Bromocriptine: Lanreotide injection may increase the absorption of bromocriptine. (7.3)Bradycardia-Inducing Drugs (e.g., beta-blockers): Lanreotide injection may decrease heart rate. Dosage adjustment of the coadministered drug may be necessary. (7.3). Cyclosporine: Lanreotide injection may decrease the absorption of cyclosporine. Dosage adjustment of cyclosporine may needed. (7.2). Bromocriptine: Lanreotide injection may increase the absorption of bromocriptine. (7.3). Bradycardia-Inducing Drugs (e.g., beta-blockers): Lanreotide injection may decrease heart rate. Dosage adjustment of the coadministered drug may be necessary. (7.3). 7.1 Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs. Lanreotide, like somatostatin and other somatostatin analogs, inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon. Therefore, blood glucose levels should be monitored when Lanreotide injection treatment is initiated or when the dose is altered, and antidiabetic treatment should be adjusted accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. 7.2 Cyclosporine. Concomitant administration of cyclosporine with Lanreotide injection may decrease the absorption of cyclosporine, and therefore, may necessitate adjustment of cyclosporine dose to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations. [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] 7.3 Bromocriptine. Limited published data indicate that concomitant administration of somatostatin analog and bromocriptine may increase the absorption of bromocriptine [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. 7.4 Bradycardia-Inducing Drugs. Concomitant administration of bradycardia-inducing drugs (e.g., beta-blockers) may have an additive effect on the reduction of heart rate associated with lanreotide. Dosage adjustments of concomitant drugs may be necessary.. 7.5 Drug Metabolism Interactions. The limited published data available indicate that somatostatin analogs may decrease the metabolic clearance of compounds known to be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, which may be due to the suppression of growth hormone. Since it cannot be excluded that Lanreotide injection may have this effect, avoid other drugs mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 and which have low therapeutic index (e.g., quinidine, terfenadine). Drugs metabolized by the liver may be metabolized more slowly during Lanreotide injection treatment and dose reductions of the concomitantly administered medications should be considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

FEMALES & MALES OF REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL SECTION.

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential. InfertilityFemalesBased on results from animal studies conducted in female rats, Lanreotide injection may reduce fertility in females of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.5 Geriatric Use. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly patients with acromegaly compared with younger patients and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Studies and 4, conducted in patients with neuroendocrine tumors, did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. Lanreotide injection is supplied in strengths of 60 mg/0.2 mL, 90 mg/0.3 mL, and 120 mg/0.5 mL as white to pale yellow, semi-solid formulation in single, sterile, prefilled, ready-to-use, polypropylene syringe (fitted with an automatic needle guard) fitted with 20 mm needle covered by sheath.Each prefilled syringe is sealed in laminated pouch and packed in carton.NDC 76282-709-67 60 mg/0.2 mL, sterile, prefilled syringe NDC 76282-710-67 90 mg/0.3 mL, sterile, prefilled syringe NDC 76282-711-67 120 mg/0.5 mL, sterile, prefilled syringeStorage and HandlingStore Lanreotide injection in the refrigerator at 2C to 8C (36F to 46F). Protect from light.Store in the original package.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Lanreotide injection is somatostatin analog indicated for:the long-term treatment of acromegalic patients who have had an inadequate response to or cannot be treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. (1.1)the treatment of adult patients with unresectable, well- or moderately- differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) to improve progression-free survival. (1.2). the long-term treatment of acromegalic patients who have had an inadequate response to or cannot be treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. (1.1). the treatment of adult patients with unresectable, well- or moderately- differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) to improve progression-free survival. (1.2). 1.1 Acromegaly. Lanreotide Injection is indicated for the long-term treatment of acromegalic patients who have had an inadequate response to surgery and/or radiotherapy, or for whom surgery and/or radiotherapy is not an option.The goal of treatment in acromegaly is to reduce growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels to normal.. 1.2 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Lanreotide Injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable, well or moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) to improve progression-free survival.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).Hypersensitivity ReactionsAdvise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider if they experience serious hypersensitivity reactions, such as angioedema or anaphylaxis [see Contraindications (4)].Cholelithiasis and Complications of CholelithiasisAdvise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they experience signs or symptoms of gallstones (cholelithiasis) or complications of gallstones (e.g., cholecystitis, cholangitis, or pancreatitis) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].Hyperglycemia and HypoglycemiaAdvise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider if they experience signs or symptoms of hyper- or hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].Cardiovascular AbnormalitiesAdvise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider if they experience bradycardia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].Thyroid Function AbnormalitiesAdvise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they experience signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].Laboratory TestsAdvise patients with acromegaly that response to Lanreotide injection should be monitored by periodic measurements of GH and IGF-1 levels, with goal of decreasing these levels to the normal range [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].LactationAdvise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Lanreotide injection and for months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].InfertilityAdvise females of reproductive potential of the potential for reduced fertility from Lanreotide injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].Manufactured by:Pharmathen International S.A. Industrial Park Sapes, Rodopi Prefecture, Block No 5, Rodopi 69300, GreeceManufactured for:Exelan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Boca Raton, FL 33432Issued: 02/2022.

LACTATION SECTION.

8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryThere is no information available on the presence of lanreotide in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Studies show that lanreotide injection administered subcutaneously passes into the milk of lactating rats; however, due to specifies-specific differences in lactation physiology, animal data may not reliably predict drug levels in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from Lanreotide injection, including effects on glucose metabolism and bradycardia, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Lanreotide injection and for months (6 half-lives) following the last dose.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. Lanreotide, the active component of Lanreotide acetate is an octapeptide analog of natural somatostatin. The mechanism of action of lanreotide is believed to be similar to that of natural somatostatin.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Standard lifetime carcinogenicity bioassays were conducted in mice and rats. Mice were given daily subcutaneous doses of lanreotide at 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg for 104 weeks. Cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors of fibrous connective tissues at the injection sites were observed at the high dose of 30 mg/kg/day. Fibrosarcomas in both genders and malignant fibrous histiocytomas were observed in males at 30 mg/kg/day resulting in exposures times higher than the clinical therapeutic exposure at the maximum therapeutic dose of 120 mg given by monthly subcutaneous injection based on the AUC values. Rats were given daily subcutaneous doses of lanreotide at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/kg for 104 weeks. Increased cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors of fibrous connective tissues at the injection sites were observed at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day resulting in exposures less than the clinical therapeutic exposure at 120 mg given by monthly subcutaneous injection. The increased incidence of injection site tumors in rodents is likely related to the increased dosing frequency (daily) in animals compared to monthly dosing in humans and therefore may not be clinically relevant.Lanreotide was not genotoxic in tests for gene mutations in bacterial mutagenicity (Ames) assay, or mouse lymphoma cell assay with or without metabolic activation. Lanreotide was not genotoxic in tests for the detection of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.In fertility study conducted with lanreotide in rats, reduced female fecundity was observed at estimated exposure corresponding to approximately 10-fold the plasma exposure at the MRHD of 120 mg. The fertility of male rats was unaffected by the treatment up to an estimated exposure corresponding to approximately 11-fold the plasma exposure at the MRHD of 120 mg.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 60 mg/0.2 mL Carton Label. NDC 76282-709-67 Rx OnlyLanreotide Injection60 mg/0.2 mLFor deep subcutaneous injectionSingle dose only. Discard unused portion.Lanreotide Injection should be administered by healthcare professional.Leave at room temperature for 30 minutes before administration.CONTENTS: This box contains one (1) pre-filled syringe and one (1) safety needle.EXELAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.. 60 mg/0.2 mL Carton Label.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.4 Pediatric Use. The safety and effectiveness of Lanreotide injection in pediatric patients have not been established.

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Lanreotide has high affinity for human somatostatin receptors (SSTR) and and reduced binding affinity for human SSTR1, 3, and 4. Activity at human SSTR2 and is the primary mechanism believed responsible for GH inhibition. Like somatostatin, lanreotide is an inhibitor of various endocrine, neuroendocrine, exocrine, and paracrine functions.The primary pharmacodynamic effect of lanreotide is reduction of GH and/or IGF-1 levels enabling normalization of levels in acromegalic patients [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. In acromegalic patients, lanreotide reduces GH levels in dose-dependent way. After single injection of Lanreotide acetate, plasma GH levels fall rapidly and are maintained for at least 28 days.Lanreotide inhibits the basal secretion of motilin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide, but has no significant effect on the secretion of secretin. Lanreotide inhibits postprandial secretion of pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, and cholecystokinin (CCK). In healthy subjects, lanreotide produces reduction and delay in postprandial insulin secretion, resulting in transient, mild glucose intolerance.Lanreotide inhibits meal-stimulated pancreatic secretions, and reduces duodenal bicarbonate and amylase concentrations, and produces transient reduction in gastric acidity.Lanreotide has been shown to inhibit gallbladder contractility and bile secretion in healthy subjects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].In healthy subjects, lanreotide inhibits meal-induced increases in superior mesenteric artery and portal venous blood flow, but has no effect on basal or meal-stimulated renal blood flow. Lanreotide has no effect on renal plasma flow or renal vascular resistance. However, transient decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and filtration fraction has been observed after single injection of lanreotide.In healthy subjects, non-significant reductions in glucagon levels were seen after lanreotide administration. In diabetic non-acromegalic subjects receiving continuous infusion (21-day) of lanreotide, serum glucose concentrations were temporarily decreased by 20% to 30% after the start and end of the infusion. Serum glucose concentrations returned to normal levels within 24 hours. significant decrease in insulin concentrations was recorded between baseline and Day only [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].Lanreotide inhibits the nocturnal increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) seen in healthy subjects. Lanreotide reduces prolactin levels in acromegalic patients treated on long-term basis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. Lanreotide acetate is thought to form drug depot at the injection site due to the interaction of the formulation with physiological fluids. The most likely mechanism of drug release is passive diffusion of the precipitated drug from the depot towards the surrounding tissues, followed by the absorption to the bloodstream.After single, deep subcutaneous administration, the mean absolute bioavailability of Lanreotide acetate in healthy subjects was 73.4, 69.0, and 78.4% for the 60 mg, 90 mg, and 120 mg doses, respectively. Mean Cmax values ranged from 4.3 to 8.4 ng/mL during the first day. Single-dose linearity was demonstrated with respect to AUC and Cmax, and showed high inter-subject variability. Lanreotide acetate showed sustained release of lanreotide with half-life of 23 to 30 days. Mean serum concentrations were 1 ng/mL throughout 28 days at 90 mg and 120 mg and 0.9 ng/mL at 60 mg.In studies evaluating excretion, <5% of lanreotide was excreted in urine and less than 0.5% was recovered unchanged in feces, indicative of some biliary excretion.AcromegalyIn repeat-dose administration pharmacokinetics (PK) study in acromegalic patients, rapid initial release was seen giving peak levels during the first day after administration. At doses of Lanreotide acetate between 60 and 120 mg, linear pharmacokinetics were observed in acromegalic patients. At steady state, mean Cmax values were 3.8 +- 0.5, 5.7 +- 1.7, and 7.7 +- 2.5 ng/mL, increasing linearly with dose. The mean accumulation ratio index was 2.7, which is in line with the range of values for the half-life of Lanreotide acetate. The steady- state trough serum lanreotide concentrations in patients receiving Lanreotide acetate every 28 days were 1.8 +- 0.3; 2.5 +- 0.9 and 3.8 +- 1.0 ng/mL at 60 mg, 90 mg, and 120 mg doses, respectively. limited initial burst effect and low peak-to-trough fluctuation (81% to 108%) of the serum concentration at the plateau were observed.For the same doses, similar values were obtained in clinical studies after at least four administrations (2.3 +- 0.9, 3.2 +- 1.1, and 4.0 +- 1.4 ng/mL, respectively).Pharmacokinetic data from studies evaluating extended dosing use of Lanreotide injection 120 mg demonstrated mean steady-state, Cmin values between 1.6 and 2.3 ng/mL for the 8- and 6-week treatment interval, respectively.Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsIn patients with GEP-NETs treated with Lanreotide injection 120 mg every weeks, steady state concentrations were reached after to injections and the mean trough serum lanreotide concentrations at steady state ranged from 5.3 to 8.6 ng/mL.Specific PopulationsLanreotide injection has not been studied in specific populations. However, the pharmacokinetics of lanreotide in renal impaired, hepatic impaired, and geriatric subjects were evaluated after IV administration of lanreotide immediate release formulation (IRF) at mcg/kg dose.GeriatricStudies in healthy elderly subjects showed an 85% increase in half-life and 65% increase in mean residence time (MRT) of lanreotide compared to those seen in healthy young subjects; however, there was no change in either AUC or Cmax of lanreotide in elderly as compared to healthy young subjects. Age has no effect on clearance of lanreotide based on population PK analysis in patients with GEP-NET which included 122 patients aged 65 to 85 years with neuroendocrine tumors.Renal ImpairmentAn approximate 2-fold decrease in total serum clearance of lanreotide, with consequent 2--fold increase in half-life and AUC was observed. Patients with acromegaly and with moderate to severe renal impairment should begin treatment with Lanreotide injection 60 mg. Caution should be exercised when considering patients with moderate or severe renal impairment for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks.Mild (CLcr 60-89 mL/min) or moderate (CLcr 30-59 mL/min) renal impairment has no effect on clearance of lanreotide in patients with GEP-NET based on population PK analysis which included 106 patients with mild and 59 patients with moderate renal impairment treated with Lanreotide injection. GEP-NET patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr 30 mL/min) were not studied.Hepatic ImpairmentIn subjects with moderate to severe hepatic impairment, 30% reduction in clearance of lanreotide was observed. Patients with acromegaly and with moderate to severe hepatic impairment should begin treatment with Lanreotide injection 60 mg. Caution should be exercised when considering patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks.The effect of hepatic impairment on clearance of lanreotide has not been studied in patients with GEP-NET.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryLimited available data based on postmarketing case reports with Lanreotide injection use in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, decreased embryo/fetal survival was observed in pregnant rats and rabbits at subcutaneous doses 5- and 2-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 120 mg, respectively (see Data).The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.DataAnimal DataA reproductive study in pregnant rats given 30 mg/kg of lanreotide by subcutaneous injection every weeks (5 times the human dose, based on body surface area comparisons) resulted in decreased embryo/fetal survival. study in pregnant rabbits given subcutaneous injections of 0.45 mg/kg/day (2 times the human therapeutic exposures at the maximum recommended dose of 120 mg, based on comparisons of relative body surface area) shows decreased fetal survival and increased fetal skeletal/soft tissue abnormalities.

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES SECTION.

Warnings and Precautions, Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis (5.1)4/2019.

SPL PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT SECTION.

Patient InformationLANREOTIDE (lan-REE-oh-tide) (lanreotide) injectionRead this Patient Information before you receive your first Lanreotide injection and before each injection. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.What is Lanreotide injection Lanreotide injection is prescription medicine used for:the long-term treatment of people with acromegaly when:surgery or radiotherapy have not worked well enough orthey are not able to have surgery or radiotherapy the treatment of adults with type of cancer known as neuroendocrine tumors, from the gastrointestinal tract or the pancreas (GEP-NETs) that has spread or cannot be removed by surgeryIt is not known if Lanreotide injection is safe and effective in children.Who should not receive Lanreotide injection Do not receive Lanreotide injection if you are allergic to lanreotide.What should tell my healthcare provider before receiving Lanreotide injection Before you receive Lanreotide injection, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have gallbladder problemshave diabeteshave heart problemshave thyroid problemshave kidney problemshave liver problemsare pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Lanreotide injection will harm your unborn babyare breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Lanreotide injection passes into your breast milk. You should not breastfeed if you receive Lanreotide injection and for months after your last dose of Lanreotide injectionare female who can become pregnant. Lanreotide injection may affect fertility in females and may affect your ability to become pregnant. Talk to your healthcare provider if this is concern for youTell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-- the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Lanreotide injection and other medicines may affect each other, causing side effects. Lanreotide injection may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how Lanreotide injection works. Your dose of Lanreotide injection or your other medicines may need to be changed.Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:insulin or other diabetes medicinescyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, or Sandimmune)medicines that lower your heart rate such as beta blockersHow will receive Lanreotide injection You will receive Lanreotide injection every weeks in your healthcare providers officeYour healthcare provider may change your dose of Lanreotide injection or the length of time between your injections. Your healthcare provider will tell you how long you need to receive Lanreotide injectionLanreotide injection is injected deep under the skin of the upper outer area of your buttock. Your injection site should change (alternate) between your right and left buttock from one injection of Lanreotide injection to the nextDuring your treatment with Lanreotide injection for acromegaly, your healthcare provider may do certain blood tests to see if Lanreotide injection is workingWhat should avoid while receiving Lanreotide injectionLanreotide injection can cause dizziness. If you have dizziness, do not drive car or operate machinery.What are the possible side effects of Lanreotide injection Lanreotide injection may cause serious side effects, including: Gallstones (cholelithiasis) and complications that can happen if you have gallstones. Gallstones are serious but common side effect in people who take Lanreotide injection and have acromegaly and GEP-NET. Your healthcare provider may check your gallbladder before and during treatment with Lanreotide injection. Possible complications of gallstones include inflammation and infection of the gall bladder, and pancreatitis. Tell your healthcare provider if you get any symptoms of gallstones, including: sudden pain in your upper right stomach area (abdomen) yellowing of your skin and whites of your eyes nausea sudden pain in your right shoulder or between your shoulder blades fever with chills Changes in your blood sugar (high blood sugar or low blood sugar). If you have diabetes, test your blood sugar as your healthcare provider tells you to. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of diabetes medicine especially when you first start receiving Lanreotide injection or if your dose of Lanreotide injection changes. High blood sugar is common side effect in people with GEP-NET.Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any signs or symptoms of high blood sugar or low blood sugar.Signs and symptoms of high blood sugar may include: increased thirst increased appetite nausea weakness or tiredness urinating more often than normal your breath smells like fruit Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may include: dizziness or lightheadedness sweating confusion headache blurred vision slurred speech shakiness fast heartbeat irritability or mood changes hunger Slow heart rate. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have slowing of your heart rate or if you have symptoms of slow heart rate, including: dizziness or lightheadedness fainting or near-fainting chest pain shortness of breath confusion or memory problems weakness, extreme tiredness High blood pressure. High blood pressure can happen in people who receive Lanreotide injection and is common side effect in people with GEP-NET.Changes in thyroid function. Lanreotide injection can cause the thyroid gland to not make enough thyroid hormones that the body needs (hypothyroidism) in people who have acromegaly. Tell your healthcare provider if you have signs and symptoms of low thyroid hormones levels, including: fatigue weight gain puffy face being cold all of the time constipation dry skin thinning, dry hair decreased sweating depression The most common side effects of Lanreotide injection in people with acromegaly include: diarrhea stomach area (abdominal) pain nausea pain, itching, or lump at the injection site The most common side effects of Lanreotide injection in people with GEP-NET include: stomach area (abdominal) pain muscle and joint aches vomiting headache pain, itching, or lump at the injection site Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have signs of an allergic reaction after receiving Lanreotide injection, including: swelling of your face, lips, mouth or tongue breathing problems fainting, dizziness, feeling lightheaded (low blood pressure) itching flushing or redness of your skin rash hives These are not all the possible side effects of Lanreotide injection. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.General information about the safe and effective use of Lanreotide injection. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in Patient Information leaflet. Do not receive Lanreotide injection for condition for which it was not prescribed. You can ask your healthcare provider for information about Lanreotide injection that is written for health professionals.What are the ingredients in Lanreotide injection Active ingredient: lanreotide acetateInactive ingredients: water for injection and acetic acid (for pH adjustment)Manufactured by: Pharmathen International S.A., Rodopi, GreeceManufactured for: Exelan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Boca Raton, FL 33432For more information, contact Exelan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-866-604-3268 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.Issued: 02/2022. the long-term treatment of people with acromegaly when:surgery or radiotherapy have not worked well enough orthey are not able to have surgery or radiotherapy surgery or radiotherapy have not worked well enough or. they are not able to have surgery or radiotherapy. the treatment of adults with type of cancer known as neuroendocrine tumors, from the gastrointestinal tract or the pancreas (GEP-NETs) that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. have gallbladder problems. have diabetes. have heart problems. have thyroid problems. have kidney problems. have liver problems. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Lanreotide injection will harm your unborn baby. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Lanreotide injection passes into your breast milk. You should not breastfeed if you receive Lanreotide injection and for months after your last dose of Lanreotide injection. are female who can become pregnant. Lanreotide injection may affect fertility in females and may affect your ability to become pregnant. Talk to your healthcare provider if this is concern for you. insulin or other diabetes medicines. cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, or Sandimmune). medicines that lower your heart rate such as beta blockers. You will receive Lanreotide injection every weeks in your healthcare providers office. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of Lanreotide injection or the length of time between your injections. Your healthcare provider will tell you how long you need to receive Lanreotide injection. Lanreotide injection is injected deep under the skin of the upper outer area of your buttock. Your injection site should change (alternate) between your right and left buttock from one injection of Lanreotide injection to the next. During your treatment with Lanreotide injection for acromegaly, your healthcare provider may do certain blood tests to see if Lanreotide injection is working. Gallstones (cholelithiasis) and complications that can happen if you have gallstones. Gallstones are serious but common side effect in people who take Lanreotide injection and have acromegaly and GEP-NET. Your healthcare provider may check your gallbladder before and during treatment with Lanreotide injection. Possible complications of gallstones include inflammation and infection of the gall bladder, and pancreatitis. Tell your healthcare provider if you get any symptoms of gallstones, including:. Changes in your blood sugar (high blood sugar or low blood sugar). If you have diabetes, test your blood sugar as your healthcare provider tells you to. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of diabetes medicine especially when you first start receiving Lanreotide injection or if your dose of Lanreotide injection changes. High blood sugar is common side effect in people with GEP-NET.. Slow heart rate. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have slowing of your heart rate or if you have symptoms of slow heart rate, including:. High blood pressure. High blood pressure can happen in people who receive Lanreotide injection and is common side effect in people with GEP-NET.. Changes in thyroid function. Lanreotide injection can cause the thyroid gland to not make enough thyroid hormones that the body needs (hypothyroidism) in people who have acromegaly. Tell your healthcare provider if you have signs and symptoms of low thyroid hormones levels, including:.

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.

1.1 Acromegaly. Lanreotide Injection is indicated for the long-term treatment of acromegalic patients who have had an inadequate response to surgery and/or radiotherapy, or for whom surgery and/or radiotherapy is not an option.The goal of treatment in acromegaly is to reduce growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels to normal.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment and for months after the last dose. (8.2). 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryLimited available data based on postmarketing case reports with Lanreotide injection use in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, decreased embryo/fetal survival was observed in pregnant rats and rabbits at subcutaneous doses 5- and 2-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 120 mg, respectively (see Data).The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.DataAnimal DataA reproductive study in pregnant rats given 30 mg/kg of lanreotide by subcutaneous injection every weeks (5 times the human dose, based on body surface area comparisons) resulted in decreased embryo/fetal survival. study in pregnant rabbits given subcutaneous injections of 0.45 mg/kg/day (2 times the human therapeutic exposures at the maximum recommended dose of 120 mg, based on comparisons of relative body surface area) shows decreased fetal survival and increased fetal skeletal/soft tissue abnormalities.. 8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryThere is no information available on the presence of lanreotide in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Studies show that lanreotide injection administered subcutaneously passes into the milk of lactating rats; however, due to specifies-specific differences in lactation physiology, animal data may not reliably predict drug levels in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from Lanreotide injection, including effects on glucose metabolism and bradycardia, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Lanreotide injection and for months (6 half-lives) following the last dose.. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential. InfertilityFemalesBased on results from animal studies conducted in female rats, Lanreotide injection may reduce fertility in females of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].. 8.4 Pediatric Use. The safety and effectiveness of Lanreotide injection in pediatric patients have not been established.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly patients with acromegaly compared with younger patients and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Studies and 4, conducted in patients with neuroendocrine tumors, did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.. 8.6Renal Impairment. AcromegalyLanreotide has been studied in patients with end-stage renal function on dialysis, but has not been studied in patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment. It is recommended that patients with moderate or severe renal impairment receive starting dose of lanreotide of 60 mg. Caution should be exercised when considering patients with moderate or severe renal impairment for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsNo effect was observed in total clearance of lanreotide in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment receiving Lanreotide injection 120 mg. Patients with severe renal impairment were not studied [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment. AcromegalyIt is recommended that patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment receive starting dose of lanreotide of 60 mg. Caution should be exercised when considering patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment for an extended dosing interval of Lanreotide injection 120 mg every or weeks [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsLanreotide injection has not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis: Monitor periodically. Discontinue if complications of cholelithiasis are suspected. Gallstones may occur; consider periodic monitoring. (5.1)Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia: Glucose monitoring is recommended and antidiabetic treatment adjusted accordingly. (5.2, 7.1)Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Decrease in heart rate may occur. Use with caution in at-risk patients. (5.3)Thyroid Function Abnormalities: Decreases in thyroid function may occur; perform tests where clinically indicated. (5.4). Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis: Monitor periodically. Discontinue if complications of cholelithiasis are suspected. Gallstones may occur; consider periodic monitoring. (5.1). Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia: Glucose monitoring is recommended and antidiabetic treatment adjusted accordingly. (5.2, 7.1). Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Decrease in heart rate may occur. Use with caution in at-risk patients. (5.3). Thyroid Function Abnormalities: Decreases in thyroid function may occur; perform tests where clinically indicated. (5.4). 5.1 Cholelithiasis and Complications of Cholelithiasis. Lanreotide injection may reduce gallbladder motility and lead to gallstone formation; therefore, patients may need to be monitored periodically [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. There have been postmarketing reports of cholelithiasis (gallstones) resulting in complications, including cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis, and requiring cholecystectomy in patients taking Lanreotide injection. If complications of cholelithiasis are suspected, discontinue Lanreotide injection and treat appropriately.. 5.2 Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia. Pharmacological studies in animals and humans show that lanreotide, like somatostatin and other somatostatin analogs, inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon. Hence, patients treated with Lanreotide injection may experience hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Blood glucose levels should be monitored when lanreotide treatment is initiated, or when the dose is altered, and antidiabetic treatment should be adjusted accordingly [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].. 5.3 Cardiovascular Abnormalities. The most common overall cardiac adverse reactions observed in three pooled Lanreotide injection cardiac studies in patients with acromegaly were sinus bradycardia (12/217, 5.5%), bradycardia (6/217, 2.8%), and hypertension (12/217, 5.5%) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].In 81 patients with baseline heart rates of 60 beats per minute (bpm) or greater treated with Lanreotide injection in Study 3, the incidence of heart rate less than 60 bpm was 23% (19/81) as compared to 16% (15/94) of placebo treated patients; 10 patients (12%) had documented heart rates less than 60 bpm on more than one visit. The incidence of documented episodes of heart rate less than 50 bpm as well as the incidence of bradycardia reported as an adverse event was 1% in each treatment group. Initiate appropriate medical management in patients who develop symptomatic bradycardia.In patients without underlying cardiac disease, Lanreotide injection may lead to decrease in heart rate without necessarily reaching the threshold of bradycardia. In patients suffering from cardiac disorders prior to Lanreotide injection treatment, sinus bradycardia may occur. Care should be taken when initiating treatment with Lanreotide injection in patients with bradycardia.. 5.4 Thyroid Function Abnormalities. Slight decreases in thyroid function have been seen during treatment with lanreotide in acromegalic patients, though clinical hypothyroidism is rare (less than 1%). Thyroid function tests are recommended where clinically indicated.. 5.5 Monitoring: Laboratory Tests. Acromegaly: Serum GH and IGF-1 levels are useful markers of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].