Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definition	Drug id	CAS RN
	692	2030-63-9

Description:

Molecule	Description
Molfile Inchi Smiles Synonyms: lamprene clofazimine chlofazimine	A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619) Molecular weight: 473.40 Formula: C27H22Cl2N4 CLOGP: 7.55 LIPINSKI: 1 HAC: 4 HDO: 1 TPSA: 39.99 ALOGS: -5.50 ROTB: 4 Status: OFM Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent

Molecule

Description

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

lamprene
clofazimine
chlofazimine

A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)

Molecular weight: 473.40
Formula: C27H22Cl2N4
CLOGP: 7.55
LIPINSKI: 1
HAC: 4
HDO: 1
TPSA: 39.99
ALOGS: -5.50
ROTB: 4

Status: OFM

Legend:
OFP - off patent
OFM - off market
ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

Dose	Unit	Route
0.10	g	O

ADMET properties:

Property	Value	Reference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System)	2	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility)	0.00 mg/mL	Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine)	0.20 %	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose)	7.03 µM/kg/day	Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability)	57 %	Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

Property	Description	Value	Unit	Confidence	Similarity
azlogd74	LogD at pH 7.4	4.763		High	1
caco2-efflux	Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB)	4.932		High	1
caco2-intrinsic-papp	Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability	0.033	10^-6 cm/s	High	1
dh-clint	Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	5.093	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
dppb	Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound)	0.220	%	High	1
fcs-ppb	Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound)	0.320	%	High	1
herg	hERG pIC50	5.455	pIC50	High	1
hh-clint	Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	1.581	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
hlm-clint	Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance	4.710	uL/min/mg protein	High	1
hppb	Human plasma protein binding (% unbound)	0.520	%	High	1
kinase-safety-class	ACVR2A,ACVR2B,ACVRL1,AKT1,AKT2,AKT3,ALK,AURKA,AXL,BRAF,BTK,CAMK2B,CAMK2D,CDK1,CDK5,CDK9,CHEK1,CSF1R,DDR1,DYRK1B,EIF2AK3,EPHB4,ERBB2,FLT3,GRK2,GSK3B,ITK,JAK1,JAK2,JAK3,MAP2K6,MAP3K1,MAP3K11,MAP3K21,MAP3K7,MAP4K1,MAP4K3,MAPK10,MAPK7,MAPK9,MAPKAPK2,MARK4,MELK,MET,MTOR,NTRK2,PDK4,PDPK1,PIK3CA,PIK3CB,PIK3CD,PIK3CG,PIM2,PRKCD,PRKDC,SGK1,SIK2,SIK3,STK33,SYK,TEK,TGFBR1,TTK,ULK1,ZAP70	65
kinase-selectivity-class	ACVR2B,BRAF,ERBB2,SIK2,SIK3,ZAP70	6
mdck-mdr1-efflux	MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio	2.489		High	1
mh-clint	Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	14.521		High	1
mppb	Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound)	0.170		High	1
nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux	NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio	1.503		High	1
pfas-class	PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False)	0
pppb	Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound)	0.200	%	High	1
rh-clint	Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	5.420	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
rh-fuinc	Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation	0.120	%	High	1
rppb	Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound)	0.230	%	High	1
solubility-dd	Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO	0.393	uM	High	1

Approvals:

Date	Agency	Company	Orphan
Dec. 15, 1986	FDA	NOVARTIS

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged	702.20	24.64	254	7411	72202	90548580
Drug resistance	310.10	24.64	111	7554	30338	90590444
Neuropathy peripheral	168.21	24.64	118	7547	136852	90483930
Mycobacterium avium complex infection	145.65	24.64	39	7626	4059	90616723
Anaemia	141.35	24.64	161	7504	352641	90268141
Ototoxicity	126.11	24.64	30	7635	1934	90618848
Skin discolouration	113.13	24.64	61	7604	44254	90576528
Hepatotoxicity	97.59	24.64	56	7609	45786	90574996
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	93.07	24.64	53	7612	42705	90578077
Off label use	87.48	24.64	246	7419	1102006	89518776
Vomiting	84.23	24.64	197	7468	788096	89832686
Optic neuropathy	83.36	24.64	23	7642	2675	90618107
Haemoptysis	79.85	24.64	44	7621	33276	90587506
Polyneuropathy	73.92	24.64	35	7630	19306	90601476
Type 2 lepra reaction	72.30	24.64	11	7654	56	90620726
Mycobacterium abscessus infection	72.04	24.64	17	7648	1058	90619724
Skin hyperpigmentation	69.73	24.64	25	7640	6826	90613956
Tinnitus	69.34	24.64	44	7621	43058	90577724
Alanine aminotransferase increased	63.09	24.64	63	7602	118275	90502507
Aspartate aminotransferase increased	62.77	24.64	59	7606	102878	90517904
Cough	62.76	24.64	112	7553	368850	90251932
Respiratory failure	59.40	24.64	61	7604	118357	90502425
Deafness	54.67	24.64	30	7635	22484	90598298
Nausea	52.18	24.64	208	7457	1110108	89510674
Deafness neurosensory	51.46	24.64	20	7645	6821	90613961
Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection	50.78	24.64	10	7655	262	90620520
Transaminases increased	50.14	24.64	34	7631	37158	90583624
Product use in unapproved indication	49.54	24.64	96	7569	336140	90284642
Pathogen resistance	44.80	24.64	19	7646	8096	90612686
Myelosuppression	41.14	24.64	35	7630	53556	90567226
Antimicrobial susceptibility test intermediate	39.52	24.64	6	7659	30	90620752
Mycobacterial infection	38.14	24.64	12	7653	2198	90618584
Dyspnoea	38.05	24.64	161	7504	880794	89739988
Bronchiectasis	36.41	24.64	23	7642	22307	90598475
Pain	32.98	24.64	22	7643	996319	89624463
Optic neuritis	32.40	24.64	16	7649	9662	90611120
Herbal toxicity	32.02	24.64	5	7660	31	90620751
Meningitis tuberculous	31.81	24.64	8	7657	650	90620132
Hypoacusis	31.80	24.64	23	7642	27827	90592955
Incorrect product administration duration	29.27	24.64	19	7646	19303	90601479
Nephropathy toxic	28.32	24.64	16	7649	12672	90608110
Pyelonephritis chronic	28.18	24.64	6	7659	233	90620549
Cystic fibrosis	27.80	24.64	11	7654	3930	90616852
Cardiopulmonary failure	27.16	24.64	11	7654	4177	90616605
Concomitant disease aggravated	27.00	24.64	15	7650	11503	90609279
Paradoxical drug reaction	26.93	24.64	12	7653	5754	90615028
Drug-induced liver injury	25.96	24.64	35	7630	90283	90530499
Hypokalaemia	25.08	24.64	42	7623	131074	90489708
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome	24.68	24.64	12	7653	7007	90613775
Atypical mycobacterial infection	24.65	24.64	8	7657	1618	90619164

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged	805.16	22.52	311	7699	47634	42565691
Type 2 lepra reaction	254.85	22.52	46	7964	309	42613016
Drug resistance	203.66	22.52	108	7902	34140	42579185
Hepatotoxicity	183.28	22.52	91	7919	25076	42588249
Neuropathy peripheral	179.03	22.52	150	7860	101703	42511622
Off label use	97.95	22.52	301	7709	638034	41975291
Anaemia	93.65	22.52	179	7831	280099	42333226
Intentional product use issue	87.07	22.52	86	7924	71747	42541578
Deafness neurosensory	75.88	22.52	28	7982	3718	42609607
Drug-induced liver injury	74.64	22.52	60	7950	38213	42575112
Nausea	71.88	22.52	199	7811	396600	42216725
Ototoxicity	68.63	22.52	23	7987	2302	42611023
Skin hyperpigmentation	65.81	22.52	26	7984	4155	42609170
Toxic optic neuropathy	63.63	22.52	18	7992	1022	42612303
Optic neuropathy	63.02	22.52	22	7988	2490	42610835
Deafness	60.33	22.52	35	7975	13105	42600220
Tuberculosis	54.76	22.52	30	7980	10069	42603256
Pathogen resistance	53.90	22.52	31	7979	11419	42601906
Product use in unapproved indication	53.21	22.52	111	7899	184345	42428980
Optic neuritis	52.32	22.52	22	7988	4120	42609205
Type 1 lepra reaction	51.16	22.52	9	8001	51	42613274
Incorrect product administration duration	51.01	22.52	24	7986	5856	42607469
Vomiting	50.02	22.52	143	7867	289580	42323745
Psoas abscess	48.85	22.52	14	7996	833	42612492
HIV infection	45.06	22.52	15	7995	1470	42611855
Urinary tract inflammation	43.74	22.52	10	8000	238	42613087
Tinnitus	41.38	22.52	38	7972	28900	42584425
Preterm premature rupture of membranes	41.29	22.52	8	8002	82	42613243
Polyneuropathy	40.11	22.52	31	7979	18630	42594695
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	39.51	22.52	44	7966	42031	42571294
Mycobacterium avium complex infection	37.97	22.52	16	7994	3011	42610314
Acoustic neuroma	37.11	22.52	8	8002	144	42613181
Ichthyosis	36.85	22.52	8	8002	149	42613176
Hypoacusis	35.76	22.52	29	7981	18673	42594652
Hepatitis cholestatic	34.39	22.52	22	7988	9802	42603523
Aspartate aminotransferase increased	34.27	22.52	56	7954	77107	42536218
Mycobacterium haemophilum infection	33.06	22.52	9	8001	443	42612882
Conductive deafness	31.86	22.52	9	8001	508	42612817
Myelosuppression	29.20	22.52	37	7973	40424	42572901
Hypertriglyceridaemia	28.97	22.52	20	7990	10106	42603219
Benign soft tissue neoplasm	27.24	22.52	6	8004	120	42613205
Blood sodium decreased	26.25	22.52	24	7986	18138	42595187
Deafness unilateral	25.91	22.52	11	7999	2108	42611217
Cardiopulmonary failure	25.63	22.52	14	7996	4669	42608656
Mycobacterial peritonitis	25.34	22.52	6	8004	167	42613158
Autism spectrum disorder	25.31	22.52	12	7998	2976	42610349
Vestibular disorder	24.58	22.52	9	8001	1168	42612157
Mycobacterium abscessus infection	24.35	22.52	8	8002	752	42612573
Hepatitis toxic	23.88	22.52	11	7999	2556	42610769
Pulmonary tuberculosis	23.53	22.52	14	7996	5487	42607838
Disseminated tuberculosis	22.88	22.52	11	7999	2813	42610512
Oral candidiasis	22.72	22.52	20	7990	14385	42598940
Haemoptysis	22.54	22.52	35	7975	46132	42567193

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged	1441.51	20.44	542	14263	108418	110466076
Neuropathy peripheral	385.37	20.44	260	14545	179017	110395477
Drug resistance	364.81	20.44	169	14636	56205	110518289
Type 2 lepra reaction	324.53	20.44	55	14750	360	110574134
Hepatotoxicity	267.14	20.44	142	14663	63258	110511236
Anaemia	231.67	20.44	323	14482	546763	110027731
Off label use	159.98	20.44	500	14305	1499685	109074809
Ototoxicity	149.18	20.44	44	14761	4087	110570407
Optic neuropathy	143.97	20.44	44	14761	4614	110569880
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	129.87	20.44	99	14706	81996	110492498
Skin hyperpigmentation	128.05	20.44	47	14758	8649	110565845
Polyneuropathy	118.89	20.44	66	14739	31946	110542548
Skin discolouration	111.96	20.44	74	14731	48972	110525522
Deafness	110.08	20.44	59	14746	26650	110547844
Vomiting	106.24	20.44	314	14491	910361	109664133
Drug-induced liver injury	104.66	20.44	103	14702	119964	110454530
Deafness neurosensory	98.78	20.44	40	14765	9579	110564915
Tinnitus	97.91	20.44	74	14731	60466	110514028
Aspartate aminotransferase increased	95.00	20.44	112	14693	159824	110414670
Pathogen resistance	92.94	20.44	46	14759	17626	110556868
Nausea	91.45	20.44	366	14439	1235324	109339170
Intentional product use issue	87.96	20.44	135	14670	247771	110326723
Toxic optic neuropathy	84.20	20.44	22	14783	1306	110573188
Optic neuritis	83.33	20.44	37	14768	11110	110563384
Product use in unapproved indication	80.69	20.44	182	14623	447195	110127299
Mycobacterium avium complex infection	80.05	20.44	30	14775	5847	110568647
Haemoptysis	79.10	20.44	70	14735	71284	110503210
Type 1 lepra reaction	78.86	20.44	13	14792	70	110574424
Incorrect product administration duration	78.12	20.44	43	14762	20455	110554039
Alanine aminotransferase increased	76.60	20.44	108	14697	183665	110390829
Hypoacusis	70.53	20.44	49	14756	35142	110539352
Myelosuppression	66.07	20.44	72	14733	94268	110480226
Respiratory failure	58.46	20.44	104	14701	215228	110359266
Tuberculosis	53.57	20.44	32	14773	17742	110556752
Transaminases increased	52.64	20.44	53	14752	63337	110511157
HIV infection	52.00	20.44	15	14790	1288	110573206
Meningitis tuberculous	47.84	20.44	14	14791	1264	110573230
Pain	47.80	20.44	35	14770	954920	109619574
Cough	44.18	20.44	149	14656	461492	110113002
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome	43.24	20.44	27	14778	16199	110558295
Cardiopulmonary failure	42.82	20.44	21	14784	7882	110566612
Pulmonary tuberculosis	42.80	20.44	22	14783	9117	110565377
Ichthyosis	42.78	20.44	9	14796	205	110574289
Decreased appetite	42.42	20.44	150	14655	475696	110098798
Urinary tract inflammation	42.40	20.44	10	14795	388	110574106
Pneumothorax	41.87	20.44	36	14769	35249	110539245
Psoas abscess	41.40	20.44	13	14792	1489	110573005
Fall	40.68	20.44	15	14790	603467	109971027
Mycobacterium abscessus infection	39.78	20.44	13	14792	1693	110572801
Infusion related reaction	39.60	20.44	3	14802	381159	110193335
Conductive deafness	39.52	20.44	9	14796	299	110574195
Hepatitis toxic	39.01	20.44	18	14787	5903	110568591
Drug hypersensitivity	38.76	20.44	7	14798	454083	110120411
Hypokalaemia	37.09	20.44	78	14727	182370	110392124
Antimicrobial susceptibility test intermediate	36.77	20.44	6	14799	30	110574464
Mycobacterium haemophilum infection	36.53	20.44	10	14795	709	110573785
Hepatitis cholestatic	36.46	20.44	25	14780	17541	110556953
Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection	34.87	20.44	9	14796	509	110573985
Malnutrition	34.76	20.44	29	14776	27250	110547244
Autism spectrum disorder	34.21	20.44	12	14793	1936	110572558
Mycobacterial infection	34.10	20.44	15	14790	4402	110570092
Acoustic neuroma	33.93	20.44	8	14797	310	110574184
Atypical mycobacterial infection	33.86	20.44	13	14792	2705	110571789
Nasopharyngitis	33.82	20.44	6	14799	394355	110180139
Hypertriglyceridaemia	33.55	20.44	23	14782	16131	110558363
Treatment noncompliance	33.54	20.44	45	14760	72945	110501549
Concomitant disease aggravated	33.29	20.44	23	14782	16341	110558153
Pigmentation disorder	32.52	20.44	17	14788	7294	110567200
Psychotic disorder	32.42	20.44	37	14768	50900	110523594
Foetal growth restriction	32.40	20.44	13	14792	3037	110571457
Swelling	30.85	20.44	5	14800	351036	110223458
Rheumatoid arthritis	29.38	20.44	3	14802	299610	110274884
Benign soft tissue neoplasm	28.76	20.44	6	14799	131	110574363
Hepatitis	27.69	20.44	46	14759	90008	110484486
Vestibular disorder	27.21	20.44	11	14794	2621	110571873
Joint swelling	26.63	20.44	13	14792	442832	110131662
Blood sodium decreased	26.38	20.44	29	14776	38290	110536204
Infective pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis	25.98	20.44	19	14786	14752	110559742
Histiocytosis	25.87	20.44	5	14800	73	110574421
Mycobacterial peritonitis	25.34	20.44	6	14799	237	110574257
Nephropathy toxic	24.71	20.44	24	14781	27454	110547040
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated tuberculosis	24.45	20.44	8	14797	1046	110573448
Pyelonephritis chronic	24.14	20.44	6	14799	291	110574203
Bronchiectasis	24.06	20.44	27	14778	36466	110538028
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	23.74	20.44	48	14757	109110	110465384
Facial paralysis	23.38	20.44	22	14783	24192	110550302
Herbal toxicity	23.24	20.44	4	14801	29	110574465
Weight increased	22.79	20.44	14	14791	419630	110154864
Bicytopenia	22.62	20.44	13	14792	6711	110567783
Tooth discolouration	22.43	20.44	8	14797	1355	110573139
Haemolytic anaemia	22.13	20.44	20	14785	20900	110553594
Electrolyte imbalance	22.06	20.44	26	14779	37002	110537492
Cor pulmonale	21.71	20.44	9	14796	2285	110572209
Preterm premature rupture of membranes	21.60	20.44	8	14797	1507	110572987
Dyspnoea	21.34	20.44	234	14571	1106638	109467856
Poor feeding infant	21.10	20.44	5	14800	198	110574296
Haemoglobin decreased	20.91	20.44	77	14728	248650	110325844

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

Source	Code	Description
ATC	J04BA01	ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF LEPRA Drugs for treatment of lepra
ATC	J04BA51	ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF LEPRA Drugs for treatment of lepra
FDA EPC	N0000175483	Antimycobacterial
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35475	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35816	leprostatic drug
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:37958	dye
MeSH PA	D000890	Anti-Infective Agents
MeSH PA	D000893	Anti-Inflammatory Agents
MeSH PA	D000900	Anti-Bacterial Agents
MeSH PA	D007917	Leprostatic Agents

Related Drugs by ATC class:

J04BA Drugs for treatment of lepra 3 drugs

aldesulfone dapsone rifampicin

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

Disease	Relation	SNOMED_ID	DOID
Pyoderma gangrenosum	indication	74578003	DOID:8553
Leprosy	indication	81004002	DOID:1024
Erythema nodosum leprosum	indication	240411003
Multibacillary leprosy	indication	416257001
Dapsone resistant leprosy	indication	416597004
Mycobacteriosis	off-label use	88415009
Nausea and vomiting	contraindication	16932000
Splenic infarction	contraindication	22996003	DOID:2533
Disorder of digestive system	contraindication	53619000	DOID:77
Diarrhea	contraindication	62315008
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	contraindication	74474003
Gastrointestinal obstruction	contraindication	126765001
Disease of liver	contraindication	235856003	DOID:409
Breastfeeding (mother)	contraindication	413712001

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation level	Dissociation constant	Type (acidic/basic)
pKa1	8.81	Basic
pKa2	5.53	Basic
pKa3	2.07	Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

Target	Class	Pharos	UniProt	Type	Activity value (-log[M])	Bioact source
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2	Transporter	Q9UNQ0	ABCG2_HUMAN	IC50	5.50	CHEMBL
Uncharacterized oxidoreductase CzcO-like	Enzyme		CZCO_GEOKA			WOMBAT-PK
Cruzipain	Enzyme		CYSP_TRYCR	IC50	5.22	CHEMBL
Spike glycoprotein	Glycoprotein		SPIKE_SARS2	Kd	5.42	CHEMBL

External reference:

ID	Source
4019504	VUID
N0000147624	NUI
D00278	KEGG_DRUG
203021	RXNORM
C0008996	UMLSCUI
CHEBI:3749	CHEBI
CHEMBL1292	ChEMBL_ID
D002991	MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
DB00845	DRUGBANK_ID
9184	IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
2248	INN_ID
D959AE5USF	UNII
2794	PUBCHEM_CID
1685	MMSL
4473	MMSL
d01121	MMSL
003007	NDDF
387410004	SNOMEDCT_US
72924009	SNOMEDCT_US
4019504	VANDF

Pharmaceutical products:

None

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clofazimine 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Description:

Drug dosage:

ADMET properties:

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

Approvals:

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

Pharmacologic Action:

Related Drugs by ATC class:

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

🐶 Veterinary products

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

Bioactivity Summary:

External reference:

Pharmaceutical products: