levocarnitine 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
513 541-15-1

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • carnitine
  • (-)-Carnitine
  • (-)-L-Carnitine
  • (R)-Carnitine
  • carniking
  • carnilean
  • carnitene
  • carnivit
  • l-Carnitine
  • levocarnitine
  • levocarnitine hydrochloride
  • levocarnitine HCl
A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.
  • Molecular weight: 161.20
  • Formula: C7H15NO3
  • CLOGP: -7.73
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 4
  • HDO: 1
  • TPSA: 60.36
  • ALOGS: -1.60
  • ROTB: 4
  • Status: OFP
    • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

DoseUnitRoute
2 g O
2 g P

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 305.16 µM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 15 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution) 0.40 L/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance) 1.60 mL/min/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) 1 % Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life) 5 hours Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
S (Water solubility) 32 mg/mL Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) 1 Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

PropertyDescriptionValueUnitConfidenceSimilarity
azlogd74 LogD at pH 7.4 -4.389 High 1
caco2-efflux Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB) 0.152 High 1
caco2-intrinsic-papp Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability 0.593 10^-6 cm/s High 1
dh-clint Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 1.175 uL/min/10^6 cells High 1
dppb Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound) 93.990 % High 1
fcs-ppb Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound) 64.480 % High 1
herg hERG pIC50 4.509 pIC50 High 1
hh-clint Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 1.459 uL/min/10^6 cells High 1
hlm-clint Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance 3.908 uL/min/mg protein High 1
hppb Human plasma protein binding (% unbound) 93.080 % High 1
kinase-safety-class ACVR2A,ACVR2B,ACVRL1,AKT2,AKT3,ALK,AURKA,AXL,BRAF,BTK,CAMK2B,CAMK2D,CDK4,CDK5,CDK9,DDR1,DYRK1B,EGFR,EIF2AK3,EPHB4,ERBB2,FLT3,GRK2,GSK3B,ITK,JAK1,JAK2,JAK3,MAP2K6,MAP3K21,MAP3K7,MAPK10,MAPK7,MAPK9,MAPKAPK2,MET,MTOR,NTRK2,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,PDPK1,PIK3CB,PIK3CD,PIK3CG,PIM2,PLK1,PRKCD,PRKDC,SIK2,SIK3,STK33,SYK,TEK,TGFBR1,TTK,ULK1,ZAP70 58
kinase-selectivity-class AXL,BRAF,CAMK2D,CDK4,GRK2,MAPK7 6
mdck-mdr1-efflux MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio 0.198 High 1
mh-clint Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 0.521 High 1
mppb Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound) 98.140 High 1
nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio 0.716 High 1
pfas-class PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) 0
pppb Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound) 97.350 % High 1
rh-clint Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 2.421 uL/min/10^6 cells High 1
rh-fuinc Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation 90.600 % High 1
rppb Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound) 97.640 % High 1
solubility-dd Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO 1018.591 uM High 1

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
Dec. 27, 1985 FDA SIGMA TAU

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Seizure 119.37 18.13 80 4259 152549 90471559
Fanconi syndrome 87.55 18.13 20 4319 1923 90622185
Status epilepticus 69.13 18.13 28 4311 18846 90605262
Hyperammonaemia 63.69 18.13 20 4319 6455 90617653
Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia 57.26 18.13 10 4329 241 90623867
Nephrocalcinosis 51.86 18.13 12 4327 1220 90622888
Mitochondrial cytopathy 44.06 18.13 8 4331 242 90623866
Insulin-like growth factor increased 38.42 18.13 9 4330 965 90623143
Ventricular hypokinesia 38.35 18.13 13 4326 5328 90618780
Congestive cardiomyopathy 37.94 18.13 14 4325 7340 90616768
Cardiac failure chronic 37.64 18.13 13 4326 5633 90618475
Sudden infant death syndrome 35.59 18.13 7 4332 327 90623781
Urine calcium/creatinine ratio increased 35.57 18.13 6 4333 117 90623991
Epilepsy 34.95 18.13 30 4309 82176 90541932
Orthopnoea 31.57 18.13 12 4327 6823 90617285
Ammonia increased 27.60 18.13 10 4329 4976 90619132
Product preparation issue 26.25 18.13 8 4331 2338 90621770
Upper respiratory tract inflammation 25.22 18.13 8 4331 2664 90621444
Tachypnoea 23.71 18.13 14 4325 21295 90602813
Metabolic disorder 23.68 18.13 10 4329 7460 90616648
Hypophosphataemia 22.64 18.13 12 4327 14842 90609266
Pharyngeal abscess 22.60 18.13 5 4334 415 90623693
Pulmonary congestion 22.23 18.13 13 4326 19420 90604688
Femur fracture 22.02 18.13 18 4321 46064 90578044
Spinal pain 21.96 18.13 12 4327 15755 90608353
Device related infection 21.25 18.13 14 4325 25772 90598336
Starvation 20.98 18.13 5 4334 577 90623531
Glycosuria 20.86 18.13 6 4333 1436 90622672
Rhabdomyolysis 20.35 18.13 18 4321 51238 90572870
Myoclonic epilepsy 20.15 18.13 6 4333 1621 90622487
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 19.51 18.13 20 4319 68316 90555792
Infantile spasms 19.26 18.13 4 4335 246 90623862
Metabolic acidosis 19.07 18.13 18 4321 55658 90568450
Off label use 18.95 18.13 103 4236 1102149 89521959

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Seizure 104.21 18.23 91 4253 120470 42496521
Hyperammonaemia 65.33 18.23 26 4318 7840 42609151
Dyschromatopsia 41.93 18.23 10 4334 539 42616452
Status epilepticus 34.86 18.23 21 4323 15557 42601434
Ammonia increased 27.25 18.23 12 4332 4647 42612344
Keratouveitis 23.87 18.23 4 4340 33 42616958
Retinogram abnormal 23.71 18.23 5 4339 153 42616838
Product preparation issue 22.22 18.23 7 4337 1068 42615923
Upper respiratory tract inflammation 21.99 18.23 8 4336 1888 42615103
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 21.28 18.23 3 4341 6 42616985
Epilepsy 21.00 18.23 19 4325 26152 42590839
Pyrexia 20.67 18.23 87 4257 393955 42223036
Rhinovirus infection 20.51 18.23 11 4333 6537 42610454
Basal ganglia stroke 19.94 18.23 4 4340 95 42616896
Metabolic encephalopathy 19.80 18.23 10 4334 5255 42611736
Metabolic acidosis 19.18 18.23 25 4319 51833 42565158

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Seizure 172.64 16.30 137 7960 221048 110360154
Hyperammonaemia 119.61 16.30 43 8054 13689 110567513
Status epilepticus 91.02 16.30 45 8052 31526 110549676
Fanconi syndrome 80.60 16.30 23 8074 3496 110577706
Ammonia increased 54.15 16.30 21 8076 8229 110572973
Epilepsy 53.40 16.30 50 8047 100159 110481043
Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia 47.49 16.30 10 8087 427 110580775
Upper respiratory tract inflammation 46.93 16.30 16 8081 4355 110576847
Nephrocalcinosis 42.19 16.30 12 8085 1802 110579400
Product preparation issue 41.26 16.30 13 8084 2766 110578436
Mitochondrial cytopathy 37.01 16.30 8 8089 387 110580815
Dyschromatopsia 36.69 16.30 10 8087 1284 110579918
Seizure cluster 36.01 16.30 9 8088 824 110580378
Urine calcium/creatinine ratio increased 31.64 16.30 6 8091 149 110581053
Retinogram abnormal 31.62 16.30 7 8090 379 110580823
Prescribed underdose 29.97 16.30 30 8067 65144 110516058
Metabolic acidosis 28.78 16.30 36 8061 99708 110481494
Congestive cardiomyopathy 28.77 16.30 16 8081 14203 110566999
Tachypnoea 27.66 16.30 23 8074 39372 110541830
Device related infection 27.60 16.30 23 8074 39496 110541706
Hepatic failure 26.86 16.30 29 8068 68710 110512492
Somnolence 25.80 16.30 63 8034 297386 110283816
Keratouveitis 25.09 16.30 4 8093 34 110581168
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure 24.82 16.30 25 8072 54655 110526547
Cardiac failure chronic 23.81 16.30 14 8083 13797 110567405
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 23.49 16.30 3 8094 3 110581199
Rhinovirus infection 23.13 16.30 13 8084 11776 110569426
Insulin-like growth factor increased 23.07 16.30 8 8089 2288 110578914
Carnitine deficiency 22.06 16.30 5 8092 301 110580901
Myoclonic epilepsy 21.83 16.30 8 8089 2683 110578519
Zinc deficiency 21.27 16.30 5 8092 354 110580848
Orthopnoea 21.21 16.30 12 8085 11009 110570193
Ventricular hypokinesia 21.01 16.30 12 8085 11202 110570000
Hepatic encephalopathy 20.89 16.30 17 8080 28239 110552963
Enterocolitis 19.76 16.30 14 8083 18935 110562267
Femur fracture 19.58 16.30 20 8077 44449 110536753
Metabolic encephalopathy 18.51 16.30 11 8086 11049 110570153
Glycosuria 18.35 16.30 7 8090 2623 110578579
Pneumonia aspiration 18.33 16.30 26 8071 81207 110499995
Epileptic encephalopathy 18.06 16.30 5 8092 680 110580522
Ureaplasma infection 17.94 16.30 6 8091 1540 110579662
Basal ganglia stroke 17.76 16.30 4 8093 234 110580968
Pneumonia 17.60 16.30 117 7980 876597 109704605
Pharyngeal abscess 16.86 16.30 5 8092 868 110580334
Blood citric acid increased 16.69 16.30 3 8094 55 110581147
Blood bilirubin increased 16.67 16.30 24 8073 75948 110505254
Metabolic disorder 16.42 16.30 10 8087 10500 110570702
Pain 16.40 16.30 28 8069 954927 109626275

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC A16AA01 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
OTHER ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PRODUCTS
OTHER ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PRODUCTS
Amino acids and derivatives
FDA CS M0003493 Carnitine
FDA EPC N0000175903 Carnitine Analog
CHEBI has role CHEBI:22587 antiviral agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:27314 water-soluble vitamin (role)
CHEBI has role CHEBI:33282 antibacterial agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35526 hypoglycemic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35610 antineoplastic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35679 antilipemic drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35705 immunosuppressive agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35842 antirheumatic drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:38070 anti-arrhythmia drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50247 antidote
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50733 nutraceutical
CHEBI has role CHEBI:64946 anti-HIV agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:65023 anti-asthmatic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:66980 nootropic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:75772 <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </em> metabolite
CHEBI has role CHEBI:231911 renoprotective agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite
CHEBI has role CHEBI:77746 human metabolite

Related Drugs by ATC class:

A16AA Amino acids and derivatives 6 drugs
ademetioninebetainecarglumic acidglutaminemercaptaminemetreleptin

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
Carnitine deficiency indication 421784001
Recovery during viral myocarditis off-label use 89141000
Obstruction of bile duct contraindication 30144000
Low blood pressure contraindication 45007003
Blood coagulation disorder contraindication 64779008 DOID:1247
Kidney disease contraindication 90708001 DOID:557
Seizure disorder contraindication 128613002
Disease of liver contraindication 235856003 DOID:409
Vitamin K Deficiency Induced Hypoprothrombinemia contraindication




🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 3.86 acidic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])		Mechanism
action		Bioact sourceMoA source
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform Enzyme WOMBAT-PK
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform Enzyme Ki 4 CHEMBL
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 Enzyme Ki 4 CHEMBL

External reference:

IDSource
4020953 VUID
N0000148430 NUI
D02176 KEGG_DRUG
6645-46-1 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
1426681 RXNORM
C0087163 UMLSCUI
CHEBI:16347 CHEBI
152 PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL1149 ChEMBL_ID
CHEMBL172513 ChEMBL_ID
D002331 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
DB00583 DRUGBANK_ID
6098 INN_ID
0G389FZZ9M UNII
10917 PUBCHEM_CID
10540 MMSL
147388 MMSL
4970 MMSL
d00491 MMSL
329486002 SNOMEDCT_US
372601001 SNOMEDCT_US
4780 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
4018934 VANDF
4020870 VANDF
4020953 VANDF
000932 NDDF
003576 NDDF
005071 NDDF
0G389FZZ9M INXIGHT DRUGS

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0143-9852 INJECTION 1 g INTRAVENOUS ANDA 17 sections
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0517-1045 INJECTION, SOLUTION 200 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0517-1075 INJECTION, SOLUTION 200 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
Levocarnitine Human Prescription Drug Label 1 16571-762 TABLET 330 mg ORAL ANDA 19 sections
LEVOCARNITINE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 36000-368 INJECTION, SOLUTION 1 g INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50383-171 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL NDA 19 sections
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50383-172 TABLET 330 mg ORAL NDA 20 sections
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 52817-830 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL ANDA 20 sections
CARNITOR HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54482-144 TABLET 330 mg ORAL NDA 20 sections
Carnitor HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54482-145 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL NDA 20 sections
Carnitor HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54482-147 INJECTION, SOLUTION 1 g INTRAVENOUS NDA 20 sections
Carnitor SF HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54482-148 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL NDA 21 sections
Levocarnitine Human Prescription Drug Label 1 64980-503 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL ANDA 19 sections
Lipovite HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 13 70104-128 INJECTION 1 mg INTRAMUSCULAR unapproved drug other 1 sections
Levocarnitine Human Prescription Drug Label 1 70954-139 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL ANDA 19 sections
Levocarnitine Human Prescription Drug Label 1 70954-140 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL ANDA 19 sections
Levocarnitine Human Prescription Drug Label 1 70954-492 TABLET 330 mg ORAL ANDA 19 sections
Levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 71656-016 SOLUTION 1 g ORAL ANDA 20 sections
levocarnitine HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 73043-034 INJECTION, SOLUTION 1 g INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
Beautyturess Slimming Lifting Firming Cream HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL 2 84753-002 EMULSION 30 mg CUTANEOUS OTC Monograph Drug 9 sections
Non-proprietary name HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 85551-122 INJECTION 500 mg INTRAMUSCULAR unapproved drug other 6 sections