AI ASSISTANT
Ask DrugCentral
Explore drug information in your own words.
Type a question in the search bar above to get started. Each question is answered independently.
Try a sample question
Select a question to fill the search bar, then submit it or edit it first.
AI can make mistakes. Verify answers against the original sources before relying on them.
primidone 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |
| Stem definition | Drug id | CAS RN |
|---|---|---|
| 2267 | 125-33-7 |
Description:
| Molecule | Description |
|---|---|
|
Synonyms:
|
A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.
Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent |
Drug dosage:
| Dose | Unit | Route |
|---|---|---|
| 1.25 | g | O |
ADMET properties:
| Property | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) | 2 | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| S (Water solubility) | 0.60 mg/mL | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) | 35 % | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) | 98.18 µM/kg/day | Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD |
| BA (Bioavailability) | 92 % | Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H |
Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):
| Property | Description | Value | Unit | Confidence | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| azlogd74 | LogD at pH 7.4 | 0.807 | High | 1 | |
| caco2-efflux | Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB) | 2.133 | High | 1 | |
| caco2-intrinsic-papp | Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability | 10.495 | 10^-6 cm/s | High | 1 |
| dh-clint | Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 4.550 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 1 |
| dppb | Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 63.530 | % | High | 1 |
| fcs-ppb | Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound) | 60.600 | % | High | 1 |
| herg | hERG pIC50 | 3.998 | pIC50 | High | 1 |
| hh-clint | Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 1.968 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 1 |
| hlm-clint | Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance | 3.170 | uL/min/mg protein | High | 1 |
| hppb | Human plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 60.490 | % | High | 1 |
| kinase-safety-class | ACVR2B,AXL,BRAF,CAMK2D,CDK5,CDK9,EIF2AK3,ERBB2,GRK2,ITK,MAPK7,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,PIK3CB,PRKDC | 16 | |||
| kinase-selectivity-class | AXL,GRK2,PDK4 | 3 | |||
| mdck-mdr1-bcrp-efflux | MDCK-MDR1-BCRP efflux ratio | 1.236 | High | 1 | |
| mdck-mdr1-efflux | MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio | 1.330 | High | 1 | |
| mh-clint | Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 10.914 | High | 1 | |
| mppb | Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 53.680 | High | 1 | |
| nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux | NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio | 5.875 | High | 1 | |
| pfas-class | PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) | 0 | |||
| pppb | Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 69.270 | % | High | 1 |
| rat-kpuu-brain | Rat brain Kpuu | 0.206 | % | High | 1 |
| rh-clint | Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 3.945 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 1 |
| rh-fuinc | Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation | 92.270 | % | High | 1 |
| rppb | Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 50.060 | % | High | 1 |
| solubility-dd | Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO | 926.830 | uM | High | 1 |
Approvals:
| Date | Agency | Company | Orphan |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 8, 1954 | FDA | VALEANT |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seizure | 170.13 | 14.06 | 136 | 9498 | 152493 | 90466320 |
| Tremor | 109.28 | 14.06 | 106 | 9528 | 153067 | 90465746 |
| Completed suicide | 108.42 | 14.06 | 103 | 9531 | 144955 | 90473858 |
| Fall | 89.57 | 14.06 | 173 | 9461 | 481637 | 90137176 |
| Petit mal epilepsy | 68.20 | 14.06 | 24 | 9610 | 4934 | 90613879 |
| Ataxia | 57.23 | 14.06 | 31 | 9603 | 18011 | 90600802 |
| Drug interaction | 53.35 | 14.06 | 101 | 9533 | 276352 | 90342461 |
| Drug withdrawal convulsions | 40.02 | 14.06 | 12 | 9622 | 1488 | 90617325 |
| Myoclonic epilepsy | 39.06 | 14.06 | 12 | 9622 | 1615 | 90617198 |
| Anticonvulsant drug level increased | 38.29 | 14.06 | 12 | 9622 | 1724 | 90617089 |
| Somnolence | 37.37 | 14.06 | 74 | 9560 | 209010 | 90409803 |
| Product complaint | 36.80 | 14.06 | 21 | 9613 | 13479 | 90605334 |
| Essential tremor | 36.39 | 14.06 | 11 | 9623 | 1401 | 90617412 |
| Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | 36.10 | 14.06 | 8 | 9626 | 297 | 90618516 |
| Generalised tonic-clonic seizure | 30.33 | 14.06 | 27 | 9607 | 34876 | 90583937 |
| Cerebellar atrophy | 28.37 | 14.06 | 8 | 9626 | 799 | 90618014 |
| Balance disorder | 27.32 | 14.06 | 42 | 9592 | 97038 | 90521775 |
| Diplopia | 26.52 | 14.06 | 23 | 9611 | 28691 | 90590122 |
| Infusion related reaction | 24.46 | 14.06 | 7 | 9627 | 416773 | 90202040 |
| Contraindicated product administered | 23.80 | 14.06 | 3 | 9631 | 320136 | 90298677 |
| Hallucination | 23.63 | 14.06 | 32 | 9602 | 65927 | 90552886 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 23.33 | 14.06 | 5 | 9629 | 361891 | 90256922 |
| Urinary tract infection | 22.91 | 14.06 | 78 | 9556 | 305554 | 90313259 |
| Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic | 21.65 | 14.06 | 6 | 9628 | 563 | 90618250 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 21.19 | 14.06 | 20 | 9614 | 27820 | 90590993 |
| Toxicity to various agents | 21.17 | 14.06 | 73 | 9561 | 287773 | 90331040 |
| Hemianopia | 20.93 | 14.06 | 8 | 9626 | 2074 | 90616739 |
| Joint swelling | 20.81 | 14.06 | 14 | 9620 | 503286 | 90115527 |
| Product substitution issue | 19.90 | 14.06 | 16 | 9618 | 17992 | 90600821 |
| Nystagmus | 19.05 | 14.06 | 11 | 9623 | 7216 | 90611597 |
| Loss of consciousness | 18.57 | 14.06 | 44 | 9590 | 140194 | 90478619 |
| Multiple-drug resistance | 18.30 | 14.06 | 11 | 9623 | 7765 | 90611048 |
| Glossodynia | 17.80 | 14.06 | 6 | 9628 | 321773 | 90297040 |
| Drug ineffective for unapproved indication | 17.59 | 14.06 | 28 | 9606 | 66616 | 90552197 |
| Dysarthria | 17.37 | 14.06 | 25 | 9609 | 54457 | 90564356 |
| Status epilepticus | 17.19 | 14.06 | 15 | 9619 | 18859 | 90599954 |
| Multiple sclerosis relapse | 16.68 | 14.06 | 24 | 9610 | 52281 | 90566532 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 16.50 | 14.06 | 9 | 9625 | 362605 | 90256208 |
| Abdominal discomfort | 16.34 | 14.06 | 16 | 9618 | 477312 | 90141501 |
| Product dose omission issue | 15.70 | 14.06 | 67 | 9567 | 291620 | 90327193 |
| Hyperacusis | 15.38 | 14.06 | 7 | 9627 | 2804 | 90616009 |
| Drug intolerance | 15.32 | 14.06 | 15 | 9619 | 447576 | 90171237 |
| Hypokalaemia | 15.10 | 14.06 | 39 | 9595 | 131077 | 90487736 |
| Dyskinesia | 15.06 | 14.06 | 19 | 9615 | 36515 | 90582298 |
| Psoriatic arthropathy | 15.02 | 14.06 | 3 | 9631 | 228332 | 90390481 |
| Gait disturbance | 14.92 | 14.06 | 61 | 9573 | 260435 | 90358378 |
| Deafness transitory | 14.13 | 14.06 | 6 | 9628 | 2037 | 90616776 |
| Dizziness | 14.13 | 14.06 | 109 | 9525 | 589175 | 90029638 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataxia | 88.07 | 17.33 | 46 | 6959 | 16079 | 42598251 |
| Developmental delay | 76.13 | 17.33 | 26 | 6979 | 3156 | 42611174 |
| Somnolence | 74.22 | 17.33 | 103 | 6902 | 141002 | 42473328 |
| Serotonin syndrome | 70.36 | 17.33 | 47 | 6958 | 25798 | 42588532 |
| Drug interaction | 64.63 | 17.33 | 138 | 6867 | 266861 | 42347469 |
| Growth hormone-producing pituitary tumour | 56.22 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 138 | 42614192 |
| Seizure | 54.56 | 17.33 | 82 | 6923 | 120479 | 42493851 |
| Gastric hypomotility | 52.14 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 205 | 42614125 |
| Shunt malfunction | 49.26 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 270 | 42614060 |
| Viral diarrhoea | 47.63 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 315 | 42614015 |
| Tremor | 46.81 | 17.33 | 68 | 6937 | 96861 | 42517469 |
| Status epilepticus | 46.45 | 17.33 | 30 | 6975 | 15548 | 42598782 |
| Hallucination | 46.25 | 17.33 | 52 | 6953 | 57455 | 42556875 |
| Blood growth hormone increased | 40.20 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 633 | 42613697 |
| Gingival atrophy | 39.97 | 17.33 | 7 | 6998 | 45 | 42614285 |
| Multiple-drug resistance | 37.44 | 17.33 | 20 | 6985 | 7302 | 42607028 |
| Breath odour | 35.38 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 992 | 42613338 |
| Shunt occlusion | 35.12 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 1016 | 42613314 |
| Generalised tonic-clonic seizure | 34.37 | 17.33 | 31 | 6974 | 26348 | 42587982 |
| Infrequent bowel movements | 33.79 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 1151 | 42613179 |
| Fall | 33.20 | 17.33 | 99 | 6906 | 234421 | 42379909 |
| Drug ineffective | 30.65 | 17.33 | 192 | 6813 | 630005 | 41984325 |
| Insulin-like growth factor increased | 30.14 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 1620 | 42612710 |
| Strabismus | 29.64 | 17.33 | 12 | 6993 | 2336 | 42611994 |
| Plantar fascial fibromatosis | 28.62 | 17.33 | 4 | 7001 | 3 | 42614327 |
| Bone metabolism disorder | 28.42 | 17.33 | 7 | 6998 | 265 | 42614065 |
| Open angle glaucoma | 28.37 | 17.33 | 7 | 6998 | 267 | 42614063 |
| Cervicobrachial syndrome | 27.10 | 17.33 | 7 | 6998 | 322 | 42614008 |
| Parkinsonian rest tremor | 27.06 | 17.33 | 7 | 6998 | 324 | 42614006 |
| Pleocytosis | 26.46 | 17.33 | 8 | 6997 | 657 | 42613673 |
| Foot deformity | 26.35 | 17.33 | 14 | 6991 | 5054 | 42609276 |
| Acute kidney injury | 26.07 | 17.33 | 14 | 6991 | 367323 | 42247007 |
| Completed suicide | 25.71 | 17.33 | 52 | 6953 | 96413 | 42517917 |
| Cerebellar atrophy | 25.43 | 17.33 | 8 | 6997 | 750 | 42613580 |
| Helicobacter infection | 25.04 | 17.33 | 11 | 6994 | 2621 | 42611709 |
| Product use issue | 24.92 | 17.33 | 45 | 6960 | 76706 | 42537624 |
| Encephalopathy | 24.43 | 17.33 | 32 | 6973 | 41301 | 42573029 |
| Focal dyscognitive seizures | 23.82 | 17.33 | 9 | 6996 | 1458 | 42612872 |
| Gingival disorder | 23.21 | 17.33 | 9 | 6996 | 1565 | 42612765 |
| Lens dislocation | 21.93 | 17.33 | 5 | 7000 | 135 | 42614195 |
| Eye movement disorder | 21.13 | 17.33 | 12 | 6993 | 4933 | 42609397 |
| Brain injury | 21.00 | 17.33 | 14 | 6991 | 7641 | 42606689 |
| Nosocomial infection | 20.43 | 17.33 | 8 | 6997 | 1428 | 42612902 |
| Nystagmus | 20.16 | 17.33 | 12 | 6993 | 5384 | 42608946 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 20.13 | 17.33 | 13 | 6992 | 6730 | 42607600 |
| Eructation | 19.97 | 17.33 | 12 | 6993 | 5474 | 42608856 |
| Balance disorder | 19.52 | 17.33 | 31 | 6974 | 47614 | 42566716 |
| Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic | 17.73 | 17.33 | 6 | 6999 | 707 | 42613623 |
| Jaw disorder | 17.38 | 17.33 | 8 | 6997 | 2125 | 42612205 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Completed suicide | 139.19 | 14.20 | 157 | 12932 | 242224 | 110333986 |
| Ataxia | 133.29 | 14.20 | 67 | 13022 | 30041 | 110546169 |
| Seizure | 123.10 | 14.20 | 141 | 12948 | 221044 | 110355166 |
| Drug interaction | 118.54 | 14.20 | 212 | 12877 | 499971 | 110076239 |
| Tremor | 112.65 | 14.20 | 129 | 12960 | 202103 | 110374107 |
| Fall | 93.03 | 14.20 | 214 | 12875 | 603268 | 109972942 |
| Somnolence | 75.38 | 14.20 | 130 | 12959 | 297319 | 110278891 |
| Developmental delay | 75.15 | 14.20 | 20 | 13069 | 1445 | 110574765 |
| Growth hormone-producing pituitary tumour | 59.38 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 144 | 110576066 |
| Hallucination | 53.55 | 14.20 | 63 | 13026 | 101369 | 110474841 |
| Gastric hypomotility | 51.95 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 294 | 110575916 |
| Shunt malfunction | 49.84 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 359 | 110575851 |
| Serotonin syndrome | 49.55 | 14.20 | 47 | 13042 | 59106 | 110517104 |
| Petit mal epilepsy | 49.40 | 14.20 | 22 | 13067 | 7525 | 110568685 |
| Status epilepticus | 47.08 | 14.20 | 35 | 13054 | 31536 | 110544674 |
| Viral diarrhoea | 44.66 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 583 | 110575627 |
| Cerebellar atrophy | 43.41 | 14.20 | 13 | 13076 | 1440 | 110574770 |
| Multiple-drug resistance | 43.09 | 14.20 | 24 | 13065 | 13211 | 110562999 |
| Generalised tonic-clonic seizure | 41.21 | 14.20 | 41 | 13048 | 54639 | 110521571 |
| Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | 40.53 | 14.20 | 9 | 13080 | 302 | 110575908 |
| Gingival atrophy | 38.75 | 14.20 | 7 | 13082 | 79 | 110576131 |
| Blood growth hormone increased | 38.26 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 1057 | 110575153 |
| Nystagmus | 37.71 | 14.20 | 21 | 13068 | 11556 | 110564654 |
| Toxicity to various agents | 35.38 | 14.20 | 131 | 12958 | 480424 | 110095786 |
| Parkinsonian rest tremor | 33.09 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 392 | 110575818 |
| Shunt occlusion | 32.99 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 1726 | 110574484 |
| Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic | 32.19 | 14.20 | 10 | 13079 | 1252 | 110574958 |
| Breath odour | 31.51 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 1981 | 110574229 |
| Drug ineffective for unapproved indication | 31.47 | 14.20 | 49 | 13040 | 102789 | 110473421 |
| Infrequent bowel movements | 30.57 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 2164 | 110574046 |
| Insulin-like growth factor increased | 29.99 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 2285 | 110573925 |
| Strabismus | 28.82 | 14.20 | 12 | 13077 | 3487 | 110572723 |
| Essential tremor | 28.40 | 14.20 | 10 | 13079 | 1848 | 110574362 |
| Myoclonic epilepsy | 28.29 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 2680 | 110573530 |
| Anticonvulsant drug level increased | 27.64 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 2847 | 110573363 |
| Balance disorder | 25.69 | 14.20 | 48 | 13041 | 116512 | 110459698 |
| Open angle glaucoma | 25.52 | 14.20 | 7 | 13082 | 567 | 110575643 |
| Bone metabolism disorder | 25.33 | 14.20 | 7 | 13082 | 583 | 110575627 |
| Focal dyscognitive seizures | 24.49 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 3838 | 110572372 |
| Mental status changes | 24.31 | 14.20 | 37 | 13052 | 76085 | 110500125 |
| Gingival disorder | 23.69 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 4142 | 110572068 |
| Anticonvulsant drug level decreased | 23.41 | 14.20 | 9 | 13080 | 2127 | 110574083 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 23.21 | 14.20 | 13 | 13076 | 7228 | 110568982 |
| Plantar fascial fibromatosis | 22.67 | 14.20 | 4 | 13085 | 39 | 110576171 |
| Choreoathetosis | 21.68 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 1690 | 110574520 |
| Pleocytosis | 21.56 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 1716 | 110574494 |
| Anticoagulation drug level below therapeutic | 21.51 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 1726 | 110574484 |
| Encephalopathy | 21.23 | 14.20 | 36 | 13053 | 81019 | 110495191 |
| Needle issue | 20.58 | 14.20 | 17 | 13072 | 17823 | 110558387 |
| Cervicobrachial syndrome | 20.47 | 14.20 | 7 | 13082 | 1185 | 110575025 |
| Dizziness | 20.47 | 14.20 | 147 | 12942 | 698046 | 109878164 |
| Dysarthria | 20.25 | 14.20 | 36 | 13053 | 84085 | 110492125 |
| Infusion related reaction | 20.09 | 14.20 | 10 | 13079 | 381152 | 110195058 |
| Drug ineffective | 19.81 | 14.20 | 270 | 12819 | 1520270 | 109055940 |
| Inhibitory drug interaction | 18.97 | 14.20 | 10 | 13079 | 4937 | 110571273 |
| Dementia | 18.95 | 14.20 | 21 | 13068 | 31652 | 110544558 |
| Jaw disorder | 18.48 | 14.20 | 10 | 13079 | 5202 | 110571008 |
| Urinary tract infection | 18.44 | 14.20 | 82 | 13007 | 326200 | 110250010 |
| Brain injury | 18.01 | 14.20 | 14 | 13075 | 13462 | 110562748 |
| Hemianopia | 17.62 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 2860 | 110573350 |
| Joint swelling | 17.48 | 14.20 | 16 | 13073 | 442829 | 110133381 |
| Contraindicated product administered | 17.43 | 14.20 | 4 | 13085 | 248263 | 110327947 |
| Eye movement disorder | 17.28 | 14.20 | 12 | 13077 | 9716 | 110566494 |
| Psychomotor retardation | 17.19 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 7781 | 110568429 |
| Oesophageal ulcer | 16.97 | 14.20 | 11 | 13078 | 7953 | 110568257 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 16.90 | 14.20 | 4 | 13085 | 243102 | 110333108 |
| Acute kidney injury | 16.81 | 14.20 | 31 | 13058 | 635399 | 109940811 |
| Nosocomial infection | 16.79 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 3191 | 110573019 |
| Lens dislocation | 16.73 | 14.20 | 4 | 13085 | 187 | 110576023 |
| Injection site haemorrhage | 16.57 | 14.20 | 20 | 13069 | 33008 | 110543202 |
| Loss of consciousness | 16.54 | 14.20 | 56 | 13033 | 196250 | 110379960 |
| Maternal exposure during pregnancy | 16.21 | 14.20 | 5 | 13084 | 254878 | 110321332 |
| Overdose | 15.73 | 14.20 | 62 | 13027 | 233732 | 110342478 |
| Febrile neutropenia | 15.68 | 14.20 | 9 | 13080 | 316758 | 110259452 |
| Altered state of consciousness | 15.63 | 14.20 | 26 | 13063 | 57600 | 110518610 |
| Death | 15.47 | 14.20 | 138 | 12951 | 698731 | 109877479 |
| Psychotic symptom | 15.35 | 14.20 | 8 | 13081 | 3859 | 110572351 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 15.30 | 14.20 | 17 | 13072 | 25681 | 110550529 |
| Gait disturbance | 15.02 | 14.20 | 69 | 13020 | 278139 | 110298071 |
| Anticoagulation drug level decreased | 15.01 | 14.20 | 4 | 13085 | 290 | 110575920 |
| Glossodynia | 14.77 | 14.20 | 4 | 13085 | 222000 | 110354210 |
| Upper limb fracture | 14.52 | 14.20 | 15 | 13074 | 20873 | 110555337 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 14.45 | 14.20 | 6 | 13083 | 254332 | 110321878 |
| Stomatitis | 14.37 | 14.20 | 7 | 13082 | 270235 | 110305975 |
| Electroencephalogram abnormal | 14.33 | 14.20 | 9 | 13080 | 6164 | 110570046 |
| International normalised ratio decreased | 14.26 | 14.20 | 10 | 13079 | 8226 | 110567984 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)
None
Pharmacologic Action:
| Source | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ATC | N03AA03 | NERVOUS SYSTEM ANTIEPILEPTICS ANTIEPILEPTICS Barbiturates and derivatives |
| FDA PE | N0000008486 | Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity |
| MeSH PA | D000927 | Anticonvulsants |
| MeSH PA | D018377 | Neurotransmitter Agents |
| MeSH PA | D018682 | GABA Agents |
| MeSH PA | D018757 | GABA Modulators |
| FDA EPC | N0000175753 | Anti-epileptic Agent |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:35623 | anticonvulsant |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:35703 | xenobiotic |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:78298 | environmental contaminant |
Related Drugs by ATC class:
N03AA Barbiturates and derivatives 4 drugs
Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|
| Disease | Relation | SNOMED_ID | DOID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic-clonic seizure | indication | 54200006 | |
| Epilepsy | indication | 84757009 | DOID:1826 |
| Bipolar disorder in remission | indication | 85248005 | |
| Localization-related epilepsy | indication | 230381009 | DOID:2234 |
| Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | indication | 230418006 | |
| Tonic-clonic epilepsy | indication | 352818000 | DOID:7725 |
| Epilepsy characterized by intractable complex partial seizures | indication | 442481002 | |
| Simple partial seizure | indication | 117891000119100 | |
| Bipolar affective disorder, current episode depression | off-label use | 191627008 | DOID:3312 |
| Neuropathic pain | off-label use | 247398009 | |
| Essential tremor | off-label use | 609558009 | DOID:4990 |
| Rapid Cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder | off-label use | ||
| Suicidal thoughts | contraindication | 6471006 | |
| Alcoholism | contraindication | 7200002 | |
| Constitutional aplastic anemia | contraindication | 28975000 | DOID:1342 |
| Depressive disorder | contraindication | 35489007 | |
| Megaloblastic anemia | contraindication | 53165003 | DOID:13382 |
| Acute nephropathy | contraindication | 58574008 | |
| Sleep apnea | contraindication | 73430006 | DOID:0050847 |
| Leukopenia | contraindication | 84828003 | DOID:615 |
| Kidney disease | contraindication | 90708001 | DOID:557 |
| Pancytopenia | contraindication | 127034005 | DOID:12450 |
| Non-infective meningitis | contraindication | 230155003 | |
| Disease of liver | contraindication | 235856003 | DOID:409 |
| Anemia | contraindication | 271737000 | DOID:2355 |
| Pregnancy, function | contraindication | 289908002 | |
| Thrombocytopenic disorder | contraindication | 302215000 | DOID:1588 |
| Neutropenic disorder | contraindication | 303011007 | DOID:1227 |
| Aplastic anemia | contraindication | 306058006 | DOID:12449 |
| Granulocytopenic disorder | contraindication | 417672002 | |
| Porphyria | contraindication | 418470004 | |
| Primidone Toxicity | contraindication |
🐶 Veterinary Drug Use
| Species | Use | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| Dogs | Convulsions associated with idiopathic epilepsy | Indication |
| Dogs | Epileptiform convulsions | Indication |
| Dogs | Viral encephalitis | Indication |
| Dogs | Distemper | Indication |
| Dogs | Hardpad disease | Indication |
🐶 Veterinary products
| Product | Applicant | Ingredients |
|---|---|---|
| Primidone | Zoetis Inc. | 1 |
| Mylepsin Tablets | Zoetis Inc. | 1 |
| Mylepsin, Primidone Medi-Pets | Zoetis Inc. | 1 |
| Neurosyn Tablets | Cronus Pharma Specialities India Private Limited | 1 |
Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0
| Dissociation level | Dissociation constant | Type (acidic/basic) |
|---|---|---|
| pKa1 | 13.99 | acidic |
Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)
None
Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)
None
Bioactivity Summary:
| Target | Class | Pharos | UniProt | Action | Type | Activity value (-log[M]) | Mechanism action | Bioact source | MoA source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2 | Ion channel | POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR | WOMBAT-PK | CHEMBL | |||||
| Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 | Ion channel | BLOCKER | IC50 | 6.20 | IUPHAR |
External reference:
| ID | Source |
|---|---|
| 4018485 | VUID |
| N0000146807 | NUI |
| D00474 | KEGG_DRUG |
| 4018485 | VANDF |
| C0033148 | UMLSCUI |
| CHEBI:8412 | CHEBI |
| A1AIA | PDB_CHEM_ID |
| CHEMBL856 | ChEMBL_ID |
| DB00794 | DRUGBANK_ID |
| D011324 | MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI |
| 4909 | PUBCHEM_CID |
| 5338 | IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID |
| 248 | INN_ID |
| 13AFD7670Q | UNII |
| 8691 | RXNORM |
| 390 | MMSL |
| 5355 | MMSL |
| d00352 | MMSL |
| 001626 | NDDF |
| 387256009 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 47120002 | SNOMEDCT_US |
Pharmaceutical products:
| Product | Category | Ingredients | NDC | Form | Quantity | Route | Marketing | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0527-1231 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0527-1301 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0591-5321 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 13 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0615-8206 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 11 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 10135-522 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 15 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 10135-540 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 15 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 42291-509 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 16 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 42291-511 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 16 sections |
| PRIMIDONE | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 42549-680 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 50090-1622 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 13 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 50268-686 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 11 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 50268-686 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 11 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 50268-687 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 11 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 50268-687 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 11 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 51407-637 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 51407-638 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 52817-117 | TABLET | 125 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 15 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 53746-544 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 12 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 53746-545 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 12 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 54868-1691 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 54868-5067 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 55111-476 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 13 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 55111-477 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 13 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 62135-468 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 11 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 63629-7811 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 12 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 65162-544 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 12 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 65162-545 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 12 sections |
| Mysoline | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 66490-690 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | NDA | 15 sections |
| Mysoline | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 66490-691 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | NDA | 15 sections |
| Primidone | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 68084-202 | TABLET | 50 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 15 sections |