pioglitazone 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, thiazolidinedione derivatives 2179 111025-46-8

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • pioglitazone
  • glustin
  • sepioglin
  • pioglitazone hydrochloride
  • pioglitazone HCl
Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that depends on the presence of insulin for its mechanism of action. Pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance in the periphery and in the liver resulting in increased insulin-dependent glucose disposal and decreased hepatic glucose output. Pioglitazone is not an insulin secretagogue. Pioglitazone is an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). PPAR receptors are found in tissues important for insulin action such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Activation of PPAR-gamma nuclear receptors modulates the transcription of a number of insulin responsive genes involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  • Molecular weight: 356.44
  • Formula: C19H20N2O3S
  • CLOGP: 3.53
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 5
  • HDO: 1
  • TPSA: 68.29
  • ALOGS: -4.91
  • ROTB: 7
  • Status: OFP
    • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

DoseUnitRoute
30 mg O

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) 2 Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) 0.50 % Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 1.80 µM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 83 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
S (Water solubility) 0.01 mg/mL Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) 0.01 % Kawashima H, Watanabe R, Esaki T, Kuroda M, Nagao C, Natsume-Kitatani Y, Ohashi R, Komura H, Mizuguchi K

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

PropertyDescriptionValueUnitConfidenceSimilarity
azlogd74 LogD at pH 7.4 2.838 Moderate 0.70
caco2-efflux Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB) 1.279 Moderate 0.70
caco2-intrinsic-papp Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability 49.431 10^-6 cm/s Moderate 0.70
dh-clint Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 11.508 uL/min/10^6 cells Moderate 0.70
dppb Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound) 0.700 % Moderate 0.70
fcs-ppb Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound) 1.180 % Moderate 0.70
herg hERG pIC50 4.902 pIC50 Moderate 0.70
hh-clint Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 15.704 uL/min/10^6 cells Moderate 0.70
hlm-clint Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance 65.163 uL/min/mg protein Moderate 0.70
hppb Human plasma protein binding (% unbound) 0.370 % Moderate 0.70
kinase-safety-class ACVR2B,EIF2AK3,GRK2,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,PRKDC 7
kinase-selectivity-class GRK2 1
mdck-mdr1-efflux MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio 5.164 Moderate 0.70
mh-clint Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 88.308 Moderate 0.70
mppb Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound) 0.530 Moderate 0.70
nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio 12.134 Moderate 0.70
pfas-class PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) 0
pld-class Phospholipidosis risk class (1 = positive, 0 = negative) 0 High 1
pppb Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound) 0.890 % Moderate 0.70
rh-clint Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 37.325 uL/min/10^6 cells Moderate 0.70
rh-fuinc Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation 32.470 % Moderate 0.70
rppb Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound) 0.180 % Moderate 0.70
solubility-dd Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO 26.303 uM Moderate 0.70

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
July 15, 1999 FDA TAKEDA PHARMS USA

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Bladder cancer 573.24 12.09 159 25010 5642 90597636
Hypoglycaemia 501.69 12.09 285 24884 69563 90533715
Blood glucose increased 461.37 12.09 302 24867 94944 90508334
Cardiac failure congestive 225.49 12.09 200 24969 98494 90504784
Diabetes mellitus inadequate control 157.99 12.09 85 25084 18599 90584679
Glycosylated haemoglobin increased 154.99 12.09 79 25090 15483 90587795
Blood glucose decreased 145.23 12.09 87 25082 23342 90579936
Diabetic ketoacidosis 141.95 12.09 87 25082 24320 90578958
Cardiac failure 131.45 12.09 157 25012 109339 90493939
Oedema peripheral 112.80 12.09 232 24937 257683 90345595
Lactic acidosis 89.65 12.09 89 25080 50374 90552904
Systemic lupus erythematosus 87.16 12.09 3 25166 361893 90241385
Diabetic metabolic decompensation 82.93 12.09 28 25141 1929 90601349
Myocardial infarction 78.25 12.09 120 25049 105852 90497426
Pemphigus 77.70 12.09 3 25166 326861 90276417
Glossodynia 76.33 12.09 3 25166 321776 90281502
Infusion related reaction 72.38 12.09 14 25155 416766 90186512
Hyperglycaemia 71.07 12.09 79 25090 50891 90552387
Drug intolerance 69.84 12.09 19 25150 447572 90155706
Acute kidney injury 69.39 12.09 221 24948 320166 90283112
Pancreatitis 67.64 12.09 90 25079 69736 90533542
Wound 65.15 12.09 5 25164 302975 90300303
Bladder neoplasm 58.95 12.09 17 25152 694 90602584
Maternal exposure during pregnancy 56.68 12.09 15 25154 360048 90243230
Arthropathy 54.44 12.09 17 25152 366225 90237053
Lower respiratory tract infection 54.27 12.09 4 25165 250655 90352623
Coronary artery disease 53.69 12.09 56 25113 33567 90569711
Macular oedema 52.03 12.09 26 25143 4883 90598395
Fall 51.62 12.09 267 24902 481543 90121735
Pericarditis 51.51 12.09 7 25162 270144 90333134
Diabetes mellitus 51.48 12.09 76 25093 64799 90538479
Contraindicated product administered 51.03 12.09 13 25156 320126 90283152
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma 50.73 12.09 16 25153 888 90602390
Myalgia 50.59 12.09 134 25035 174991 90428287
Pancreatitis acute 48.64 12.09 52 25117 32063 90571215
Renal failure 47.09 12.09 109 25060 130898 90472380
Off label use 46.78 12.09 154 25015 1102098 89501180
Weight decreased 45.97 12.09 218 24951 379692 90223586
Hypoglycaemic coma 44.47 12.09 20 25149 2970 90600308
Pancreatic carcinoma 44 12.09 28 25141 8349 90594929
General physical health deterioration 43.73 12.09 22 25147 355093 90248185
Treatment failure 43.59 12.09 15 25154 303913 90299365
Alopecia 43.53 12.09 44 25125 495027 90108251
Cardiomegaly 42.45 12.09 38 25131 18887 90584391
Inflammatory bowel disease 42.24 12.09 23 25146 5148 90598130
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis 40.96 12.09 24 25145 6177 90597101
Diabetic retinopathy 39.95 12.09 18 25151 2684 90600594
Weight increased 39.58 12.09 224 24945 417703 90185575
Joint swelling 38.54 12.09 50 25119 503250 90100028
Dehydration 38.33 12.09 130 25039 194317 90408961
Rheumatoid arthritis 38.27 12.09 27 25142 362587 90240691
Therapeutic product effect decreased 37.61 12.09 15 25154 277556 90325722
Discomfort 36.89 12.09 15 25154 274320 90328958
Hepatic enzyme increased 36.59 12.09 28 25141 360708 90242570
Product complaint 36.15 12.09 30 25139 13470 90589808
Musculoskeletal stiffness 35.57 12.09 19 25150 296513 90306765
Stomatitis 35.37 12.09 16 25153 274682 90328596
Oedema 35.24 12.09 129 25040 200166 90403112
Neoplasm skin 34.36 12.09 17 25152 3125 90600153
Asthenia 34.01 12.09 259 24910 533492 90069786
Face oedema 33.98 12.09 37 25132 23281 90579997
Irritable bowel syndrome 33.87 12.09 8 25161 207440 90395838
Ureteric cancer 33.65 12.09 7 25162 69 90603209
Liver injury 33.52 12.09 4 25165 170563 90432715
Dyspnoea 33.24 12.09 382 24787 880573 89722705
Nausea 30.81 12.09 455 24714 1109861 89493417
Angina unstable 30.54 12.09 21 25148 7122 90596156
Product use issue 30.51 12.09 28 25141 329891 90273387
Fibromyalgia 29.87 12.09 10 25159 206259 90397019
Blood triglycerides increased 29.62 12.09 27 25142 13734 90589544
Nasopharyngitis 29.57 12.09 42 25127 407062 90196216
Bladder adenocarcinoma stage unspecified 29.55 12.09 5 25164 13 90603265
Bladder trabeculation 29.34 12.09 6 25163 54 90603224
Abdominal discomfort 29.30 12.09 55 25114 477273 90126005
Blood glucose fluctuation 29.24 12.09 18 25151 5065 90598213
Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage 28.48 12.09 18 25151 5305 90597973
Vulvovaginal mycotic infection 28.03 12.09 19 25150 6295 90596983
Pleural effusion 27.68 12.09 81 25088 111910 90491368
Ketoacidosis 27.65 12.09 18 25151 5577 90597701
Intentional product use issue 27.35 12.09 13 25156 216879 90386399
Portal fibrosis 27.20 12.09 8 25161 350 90602928
Chest pain 26.79 12.09 166 25003 319479 90283799
Drug ineffective 26.36 12.09 252 24917 1384046 89219232
Diabetic neuropathy 25.81 12.09 16 25153 4558 90598720
Lipomatosis 25.55 12.09 6 25163 107 90603171
Psoriatic arthropathy 25.42 12.09 16 25153 228319 90374959
Transient ischaemic attack 25.21 12.09 44 25125 43132 90560146
High density lipoprotein decreased 25.06 12.09 13 25156 2638 90600640
Acute myocardial infarction 25.02 12.09 39 25130 34851 90568427
Cholelithiasis 25.00 12.09 49 25120 52457 90550821
Infection 24.70 12.09 39 25130 362055 90241223
Biopsy skin abnormal 24.45 12.09 6 25163 130 90603148
Ketosis 24.44 12.09 9 25160 800 90602478
Pancreatitis chronic 24.21 12.09 13 25156 2830 90600448
Therapeutic product effect incomplete 23.87 12.09 12 25157 193884 90409394
Bursitis 23.73 12.09 4 25165 131650 90471628
Haematuria 23.60 12.09 38 25131 34899 90568379
Hypersensitivity 23.24 12.09 58 25111 454619 90148659
Fluid retention 23.01 12.09 65 25104 88026 90515252
Renal impairment 23.01 12.09 73 25096 105348 90497930
Radius fracture 22.45 12.09 14 25155 4030 90599248
Visual acuity reduced 22.39 12.09 30 25139 23380 90579898
Fasting 21.77 12.09 4 25165 19 90603259
Impaired healing 21.50 12.09 20 25149 234179 90369099
Anaemia 21.21 12.09 169 25000 352633 90250645
Unresponsive to stimuli 21.17 12.09 38 25131 38083 90565195
Exposure during pregnancy 21.14 12.09 21 25148 238389 90364889
Pancreatic carcinoma metastatic 20.56 12.09 11 25158 2377 90600901
Gastrointestinal disorder 20.13 12.09 25 25144 256662 90346616
Hyperkalaemia 20.06 12.09 51 25118 64913 90538365
Rhabdomyolysis 19.91 12.09 44 25125 51212 90552066
Blister 19.83 12.09 25 25144 254973 90348305
Tibia fracture 19.44 12.09 15 25154 6072 90597206
Ankle fracture 19.32 12.09 26 25143 20344 90582934
Mobility decreased 19.06 12.09 25 25144 250709 90352569
Arteriosclerosis coronary artery 19.04 12.09 18 25151 9585 90593693
Joint range of motion decreased 18.91 12.09 7 25162 135636 90467642
Cerebrovascular accident 18.79 12.09 76 25093 123457 90479821
Vomiting 18.72 12.09 315 24854 787978 89815300
Blood ketone body increased 18.65 12.09 6 25163 355 90602923
Varicose vein ruptured 18.08 12.09 4 25165 54 90603224
Sleep disorder 18.07 12.09 17 25152 198013 90405265
Swelling 18.06 12.09 58 25111 419000 90184278
Pemphigoid 18.05 12.09 17 25152 9009 90594269
Transitional cell carcinoma 18.02 12.09 7 25162 720 90602558
Wheezing 17.83 12.09 24 25145 238056 90365222
Metabolic acidosis 17.49 12.09 44 25125 55632 90547646
Blood glucose abnormal 17.33 12.09 17 25152 9475 90593803
Acute coronary syndrome 17.24 12.09 18 25151 10795 90592483
Arteriosclerosis 17.19 12.09 18 25151 10835 90592443
IIIrd nerve paralysis 17.11 12.09 7 25162 825 90602453
Retinal aneurysm 16.82 12.09 5 25164 227 90603051
Acidosis hyperchloraemic 16.53 12.09 7 25162 899 90602379
Shock 16.38 12.09 29 25140 28749 90574529
Hypoglycaemic seizure 16.07 12.09 6 25163 554 90602724
Nicotinic acid deficiency 16.07 12.09 4 25165 92 90603186
Urinary tract infection 16.02 12.09 142 25027 305490 90297788
Left ventricular dysfunction 15.90 12.09 20 25149 14649 90588629
Ventricular extrasystoles 15.88 12.09 19 25150 13231 90590047
Incorrect dose administered 15.73 12.09 53 25116 78877 90524401
Wound infection 15.68 12.09 5 25164 106397 90496881
Ill-defined disorder 15.58 12.09 17 25152 184874 90418404
Pulmonary oedema 15.43 12.09 45 25124 62035 90541243
Musculoskeletal pain 15.27 12.09 15 25154 171236 90432042
Rash 15.04 12.09 145 25024 795955 89807323
Urine output decreased 14.98 12.09 18 25151 12585 90590693
C-reactive protein increased 14.93 12.09 17 25152 181372 90421906
Insulin resistance 14.89 12.09 7 25162 1151 90602127
Fibula fracture 14.77 12.09 11 25158 4226 90599052
Lung disorder 14.72 12.09 12 25157 149871 90453407
Postmortem blood drug level increased 14.65 12.09 6 25163 709 90602569
Generalised oedema 14.65 12.09 22 25147 19031 90584247
Respiratory arrest 14.55 12.09 30 25139 33281 90569997
Treatment noncompliance 14.33 12.09 39 25130 51688 90551590
Peripheral swelling 14.02 12.09 63 25106 413043 90190235
Pyrexia 13.91 12.09 117 25052 660368 89942910
Retinal haemorrhage 13.78 12.09 12 25157 5752 90597526
Prescribed overdose 13.67 12.09 5 25164 97620 90505658
Inflammation 13.37 12.09 18 25151 178574 90424704
Adult failure to thrive 13.12 12.09 4 25165 198 90603080
Faecal calprotectin increased 13.12 12.09 10 25159 3977 90599301
Anti-insulin antibody increased 13.08 12.09 3 25166 48 90603230
Sciatica 12.89 12.09 6 25163 101376 90501902
Diabetic complication 12.87 12.09 6 25163 967 90602311
Clostridium difficile colitis 12.80 12.09 25 25144 26681 90576597
Liver function test abnormal 12.77 12.09 37 25132 50808 90552470
Supraventricular extrasystoles 12.68 12.09 11 25158 5246 90598032
Contraindicated product prescribed 12.66 12.09 7 25162 1615 90601663
Upper airway obstruction 12.54 12.09 6 25163 1026 90602252
Cardiac failure acute 12.51 12.09 16 25153 11913 90591365
Liver function test increased 12.48 12.09 4 25165 84851 90518427
Hepatic steatosis 12.46 12.09 30 25139 36915 90566363
Dry mouth 12.37 12.09 20 25149 184039 90419239
Hypertriglyceridaemia 12.34 12.09 13 25156 7876 90595402
Lacunar infarction 12.29 12.09 9 25160 3368 90599910
Product use in unapproved indication 12.18 12.09 50 25119 336186 90267092
Altered state of consciousness 12.17 12.09 27 25142 31505 90571773
Urine ketone body present 12.10 12.09 8 25161 2544 90600734

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Bladder cancer 2399.50 12.13 750 28190 16297 42576098
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma 410.21 12.13 126 28814 2550 42589845
Blood glucose increased 277.67 12.13 294 28646 73405 42518990
Hypoglycaemia 256.59 12.13 256 28684 59598 42532797
Cardiac failure congestive 163.32 12.13 243 28697 85359 42507036
Diabetes mellitus inadequate control 157.20 12.13 109 28831 15281 42577114
Glycosylated haemoglobin increased 142.58 12.13 96 28844 12828 42579567
Pancreatitis 132.44 12.13 155 28785 43113 42549282
Haematuria 112.92 12.13 166 28774 57633 42534762
Off label use 105.54 12.13 170 28770 638165 41954230
Oedema peripheral 100.84 12.13 259 28681 135817 42456578
Pancreatic carcinoma 91.64 12.13 65 28875 9441 42582954
Diabetic ketoacidosis 87.21 12.13 91 28849 22276 42570119
Bladder neoplasm 86.16 12.13 34 28906 1473 42590922
Myocardial infarction 70.10 12.13 214 28726 123795 42468600
Blood glucose decreased 68.66 12.13 65 28875 14154 42578241
Drug ineffective 67.12 12.13 213 28727 629984 41962411
Spirometry abnormal 63.48 12.13 41 28899 5105 42587290
Transitional cell carcinoma 61.83 12.13 32 28908 2626 42589769
Pulmonary vasculitis 58.45 12.13 42 28898 6224 42586171
Total lung capacity abnormal 53.83 12.13 35 28905 4408 42587987
Macular oedema 53.02 12.13 32 28908 3537 42588858
Necrotising oesophagitis 52.35 12.13 21 28919 950 42591445
Ureteric cancer 49.04 12.13 14 28926 217 42592178
Product use in unapproved indication 47.06 12.13 34 28906 184422 42407973
Conjunctivitis allergic 47.01 12.13 36 28904 5875 42586520
Weight increased 46.45 12.13 170 28770 107813 42484582
Malignant spinal cord compression 45.74 12.13 12 28928 133 42592262
Mite allergy 45.19 12.13 33 28907 5013 42587382
Oedema 44.83 12.13 105 28835 51896 42540499
Mycotic allergy 43.83 12.13 32 28908 4859 42587536
Drug abuse 43.60 12.13 9 28931 104762 42487633
Dust allergy 43.56 12.13 33 28907 5299 42587096
Normochromic normocytic anaemia 41.17 12.13 40 28900 8991 42583404
Neuritis 41.15 12.13 34 28906 6186 42586209
Diabetic nephropathy 40.06 12.13 23 28917 2318 42590077
Hyperglycaemia 39.96 12.13 93 28847 45766 42546629
Toxicity to various agents 38.57 12.13 60 28880 229076 42363319
Coronary artery disease 38.41 12.13 101 28839 53619 42538776
Bladder cancer recurrent 37.10 12.13 13 28927 402 42591993
Bladder cancer stage 0, with cancer in situ 36.06 12.13 8 28932 40 42592355
Pancreatitis acute 35.99 12.13 74 28866 33490 42558905
Respiratory symptom 35.98 12.13 41 28899 11065 42581330
Genital infection fungal 35.91 12.13 11 28929 220 42592175
Arteriosclerosis 34.13 12.13 51 28889 17938 42574457
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis 33.46 12.13 29 28911 5631 42586764
Treatment failure 31.60 12.13 3 28937 62621 42529774
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive 31.28 12.13 25 28915 4340 42588055
Product complaint 30.15 12.13 28 28912 5949 42586446
General physical health deterioration 30.10 12.13 35 28905 151211 42441184
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 29.88 12.13 33 28907 8605 42583790
Acute myocardial infarction 29.71 12.13 97 28843 58068 42534327
Hypoglycaemic coma 29.34 12.13 20 28920 2724 42589671
Diabetic metabolic decompensation 29.06 12.13 18 28922 2084 42590311
Arteriosclerosis coronary artery 28.59 12.13 48 28892 18629 42573766
Meningitis eosinophilic 28.55 12.13 6 28934 22 42592373
Pemphigoid 28.47 12.13 37 28903 11430 42580965
Capillaritis 28.09 12.13 18 28922 2210 42590185
Neurological symptom 27.60 12.13 34 28906 9957 42582438
Gallbladder neoplasm 27.39 12.13 6 28934 28 42592367
Febrile neutropenia 27.25 12.13 53 28887 185650 42406745
Diabetic retinopathy 26.84 12.13 17 28923 2046 42590349
Intentional product use issue 26.34 12.13 8 28932 71825 42520570
Type 2 diabetes mellitus 26.34 12.13 46 28894 18425 42573970
Nodule 24.44 12.13 36 28904 12498 42579897
Forced expiratory volume decreased 24.43 12.13 28 28912 7602 42584793
Pleural effusion 24.22 12.13 130 28810 97036 42495359
Sleep disorder due to a general medical condition 23.01 12.13 42 28898 17411 42574984
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage 22.58 12.13 38 28902 14778 42577617
Bladder papilloma 22.22 12.13 5 28935 27 42592368
Foetal exposure during pregnancy 22.03 12.13 3 28937 47308 42545087
Thrombocytopenia 21.76 12.13 62 28878 190217 42402178
Cerebral infarction 21.66 12.13 58 28882 31111 42561284
Pyrexia 21.55 12.13 168 28772 393874 42198521
Vasculitis 21.44 12.13 42 28898 18352 42574043
Renal cyst 21.28 12.13 30 28910 10009 42582386
Urethral cancer 21.02 12.13 6 28934 93 42592302
Cardiac failure 20.83 12.13 134 28806 106722 42485673
Infectious mononucleosis 20.56 12.13 10 28930 719 42591676
Malignant neoplasm of renal pelvis 19.80 12.13 5 28935 47 42592348
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma stage III 19.80 12.13 5 28935 47 42592348
Death 19.67 12.13 215 28725 470970 42121425
Hepatic cancer 18.96 12.13 26 28914 8454 42583941
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma stage II 18.93 12.13 5 28935 57 42592338
Urine cytology abnormal 18.89 12.13 3 28937 0 42592395
Diabetic neuropathy 18.78 12.13 19 28921 4483 42587912
Overdose 18.22 12.13 27 28913 105237 42487158
Inappropriate schedule of product administration 18.21 12.13 23 28917 95879 42496516
Neutropenia 18.00 12.13 72 28868 199359 42393036
Blood glucose abnormal 17.89 12.13 23 28917 7030 42585365
Pollakiuria 17.83 12.13 44 28896 22461 42569934
Somnolence 17.62 12.13 44 28896 141061 42451334
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased 17.41 12.13 72 28868 48266 42544129
Prostate cancer 17.28 12.13 68 28872 44575 42547820
Anti-insulin antibody positive 17.26 12.13 6 28934 181 42592214
Angina pectoris 16.92 12.13 55 28885 32841 42559554
Bladder adenocarcinoma stage unspecified 16.81 12.13 3 28937 3 42592392
Pulmonary oedema 16.63 12.13 76 28864 53196 42539199
Loss of consciousness 16.30 12.13 113 28827 92241 42500154
Cytokine release syndrome 16.25 12.13 5 28935 44522 42547873
Blood urea increased 16.12 12.13 54 28886 32739 42559656
Cerebrovascular accident 16.05 12.13 117 28823 97043 42495352
Post-thoracotomy pain syndrome 16.00 12.13 4 28936 36 42592359
Lactic acidosis 15.97 12.13 67 28873 45194 42547201
Hypothyroidism 15.92 12.13 53 28887 32031 42560364
Angina unstable 15.66 12.13 28 28912 11420 42580975
Orthopaedic procedure 15.62 12.13 4 28936 40 42592355
Mucosal inflammation 15.57 12.13 7 28933 49367 42543028
Drug intolerance 15.57 12.13 19 28921 80405 42511990
Metastatic carcinoma of the bladder 15.52 12.13 6 28934 246 42592149
Isosporiasis 15.47 12.13 5 28935 120 42592275
Abnormal weight gain 15.09 12.13 10 28930 1300 42591095
Weight decreased 15.04 12.13 211 28729 207737 42384658
Product use issue 15.00 12.13 18 28922 76733 42515662
Retinal aneurysm 14.94 12.13 5 28935 134 42592261
Hypoglycaemic unconsciousness 14.21 12.13 8 28932 776 42591619
Bladder mass 14.20 12.13 6 28934 310 42592085
Rash maculo-papular 14.07 12.13 4 28936 37499 42554896
Pancreatitis chronic 14.02 12.13 12 28928 2290 42590105
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 13.95 12.13 28 28912 97007 42495388
Insulin resistance 13.94 12.13 8 28932 805 42591590
Rectal cancer 13.85 12.13 12 28928 2328 42590067
Cholelithiasis 13.82 12.13 41 28899 23305 42569090
Rheumatoid arthritis 13.41 12.13 6 28934 42434 42549961
Sleep talking 12.92 12.13 7 28933 630 42591765
Hepatic function abnormal 12.84 12.13 69 28871 51498 42540897
Blood urine present 12.73 12.13 26 28914 11707 42580688
Pancreatic carcinoma metastatic 12.55 12.13 13 28927 3153 42589242
Urogenital infection fungal 12.54 12.13 3 28937 22 42592373
Diabetic retinal oedema 12.45 12.13 5 28935 227 42592168

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Bladder cancer 2445.33 11.45 701 43075 19591 110525932
Hypoglycaemia 677.78 11.45 473 43303 115631 110429892
Blood glucose increased 543.64 11.45 437 43339 132059 110413464
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma 499.51 11.45 132 43644 2684 110542839
Cardiac failure congestive 308.25 11.45 338 43438 150662 110394861
Diabetes mellitus inadequate control 290.45 11.45 168 43608 29607 110515916
Diabetic ketoacidosis 234.96 11.45 167 43609 41891 110503632
Glycosylated haemoglobin increased 200.88 11.45 122 43654 23497 110522026
Oedema peripheral 179.08 11.45 399 43377 328261 110217262
Haematuria 162.67 11.45 182 43594 82823 110462700
Blood glucose decreased 150.79 11.45 111 43665 29377 110516146
Myocardial infarction 148.62 11.45 270 43506 191813 110353710
Bladder neoplasm 143.20 11.45 46 43730 1888 110543635
Cardiac failure 119.64 11.45 243 43533 187383 110358140
Pancreatic carcinoma 116.73 11.45 73 43703 14799 110530724
Off label use 109.09 11.45 274 43502 1499911 109045612
Diabetic metabolic decompensation 108.45 11.45 45 43731 3844 110541679
Pancreatitis 104.12 11.45 155 43621 93378 110452145
Hyperglycaemia 97.58 11.45 143 43633 84947 110460576
Lactic acidosis 95.10 11.45 148 43628 92663 110452860
Ureteric cancer 87.19 11.45 21 43755 288 110545235
Macular oedema 86.24 11.45 46 43730 6920 110538603
Drug intolerance 85.92 11.45 27 43749 406485 110139038
Spirometry abnormal 84.52 11.45 42 43734 5455 110540068
Coronary artery disease 81.50 11.45 120 43656 71570 110473953
Transitional cell carcinoma 79.39 11.45 34 43742 3141 110542382
Pulmonary vasculitis 77.52 11.45 42 43734 6518 110539005
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis 76.31 11.45 51 43725 11572 110533951
Infusion related reaction 74.22 11.45 29 43747 381133 110164390
Total lung capacity abnormal 70.42 11.45 35 43741 4548 110540975
Drug ineffective 70.25 11.45 337 43439 1520203 109025320
Acute myocardial infarction 70.17 11.45 122 43654 83655 110461868
Hypoglycaemic coma 69.80 11.45 37 43739 5496 110540027
Glossodynia 68.63 11.45 5 43771 221999 110323524
Pemphigus 65.85 11.45 5 43771 214565 110330958
Pericarditis 64.78 11.45 6 43770 219108 110326415
General physical health deterioration 64.15 11.45 45 43731 425250 110120273
Arteriosclerosis 64.04 11.45 63 43713 24704 110520819
Lower respiratory tract infection 63.68 11.45 10 43766 243096 110302427
Diabetic retinopathy 63.13 11.45 30 43746 3534 110541989
Rheumatoid arthritis 63.11 11.45 20 43756 299593 110245930
Treatment failure 63.03 11.45 16 43760 277218 110268305
Conjunctivitis allergic 62.02 11.45 37 43739 6894 110538629
Maternal exposure during pregnancy 61.34 11.45 13 43763 254870 110290653
Mite allergy 57.25 11.45 33 43743 5770 110539753
Wound 56.33 11.45 12 43764 234425 110311098
Dust allergy 56.22 11.45 33 43743 5968 110539555
Pleural effusion 54.96 11.45 175 43601 177534 110367989
Neuritis 54.77 11.45 35 43741 7364 110538159
Pancreatitis acute 54.73 11.45 91 43685 60183 110485340
Pemphigoid 54.47 11.45 52 43724 19655 110525868
Arteriosclerosis coronary artery 54.26 11.45 58 43718 25060 110520463
Folliculitis 54.12 11.45 3 43773 167650 110377873
Mycotic allergy 53.84 11.45 32 43744 5922 110539601
Necrotising oesophagitis 53.16 11.45 21 43755 1579 110543944
Oedema 52.00 11.45 192 43584 209784 110335739
Intentional product use issue 51.40 11.45 17 43759 247889 110297634
Normochromic normocytic anaemia 51.18 11.45 42 43734 13015 110532508
Helicobacter infection 51.14 11.45 6 43770 181871 110363652
Malignant spinal cord compression 50.56 11.45 12 43764 154 110545369
Weight increased 50.39 11.45 311 43465 419333 110126190
Duodenal ulcer perforation 49.62 11.45 6 43770 177694 110367829
Bladder cancer stage 0, with cancer in situ 48.77 11.45 10 43766 61 110545462
Acute kidney injury 48.23 11.45 422 43354 635008 109910515
Alopecia 48.22 11.45 44 43732 364709 110180814
Psoriatic arthropathy 47.41 11.45 10 43766 196751 110348772
Diabetes mellitus 46.70 11.45 114 43662 99267 110446256
Dehydration 46.21 11.45 226 43550 279285 110266238
Diabetic nephropathy 45.79 11.45 24 43752 3484 110542039
Ill-defined disorder 44.53 11.45 5 43771 156848 110388675
Respiratory symptom 44.30 11.45 41 43735 14904 110530619
Cardiomegaly 44.05 11.45 56 43720 29074 110516449
Bladder cancer recurrent 43.95 11.45 14 43762 559 110544964
Arthropathy 43.89 11.45 30 43746 287492 110258031
Bladder adenocarcinoma stage unspecified 43.35 11.45 8 43768 25 110545498
Angina unstable 42.86 11.45 42 43734 16390 110529133
Product use in unapproved indication 42.25 11.45 70 43706 447307 110098216
Cerebral infarction 41.47 11.45 74 43702 51764 110493759
Rhabdomyolysis 41.34 11.45 123 43653 120278 110425245
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 41.10 11.45 34 43742 10652 110534871
Hypersensitivity 40.24 11.45 61 43715 403937 110141586
Stomatitis 40.19 11.45 29 43747 270213 110275310
Genital infection fungal 40.16 11.45 11 43765 257 110545266
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive 40.04 11.45 25 43751 5051 110540472
Pulmonary oedema 39.59 11.45 108 43668 100551 110444972
Diabetic neuropathy 39.55 11.45 28 43748 6971 110538552
Musculoskeletal stiffness 39.10 11.45 32 43744 279790 110265733
Renal failure 38.74 11.45 185 43591 226389 110319134
Muscle injury 38.71 11.45 5 43771 140802 110404721
Capillaritis 38.58 11.45 19 43757 2420 110543103
Contraindicated product administered 37.76 11.45 26 43750 248241 110297282
Cerebrovascular accident 37.76 11.45 157 43619 181127 110364396
Dry mouth 37.61 11.45 16 43760 199932 110345591
Joint swelling 37.60 11.45 74 43702 442771 110102752
Bursitis 37.24 11.45 4 43772 129914 110415609
Fibromyalgia 36.71 11.45 11 43765 170898 110374625
Product use issue 36.20 11.45 42 43734 311653 110233870
Fall 35.98 11.45 381 43395 603101 109942422
Hepatic enzyme increased 35.40 11.45 45 43731 320847 110224676
Discomfort 34.68 11.45 21 43755 214686 110330837
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased 34.51 11.45 84 43692 72993 110472530
Irritable bowel syndrome 34.50 11.45 11 43765 164204 110381319
Nasopharyngitis 34.25 11.45 65 43711 394296 110151227
Blood triglycerides increased 33.07 11.45 44 43732 23882 110521641
Bladder papilloma 32.70 11.45 6 43770 18 110545505
Metabolic acidosis 32.46 11.45 100 43676 99644 110445879
Drug abuse 32.11 11.45 15 43761 177396 110368127
Inflammatory bowel disease 32.04 11.45 25 43751 7209 110538314
Urine cytology abnormal 31.83 11.45 5 43771 3 110545520
Treatment noncompliance 31.42 11.45 81 43695 72909 110472614
Visual acuity reduced 31.13 11.45 50 43726 32123 110513400
Neoplasm skin 31.02 11.45 18 43758 3186 110542337
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage 30.88 11.45 39 43737 20111 110525412
Retinal aneurysm 30.81 11.45 9 43767 267 110545256
Transient ischaemic attack 30.70 11.45 74 43702 63908 110481615
Chest pain 30.62 11.45 254 43522 376121 110169402
Exposure during pregnancy 30.54 11.45 14 43762 167410 110378113
Ketoacidosis 30.54 11.45 28 43748 10059 110535464
Prostate cancer 30.45 11.45 54 43722 37587 110507936
High density lipoprotein decreased 30.25 11.45 22 43754 5711 110539812
Neurological symptom 30.17 11.45 34 43742 15574 110529949
Peripheral swelling 29.77 11.45 73 43703 403961 110141562
Product complaint 29.71 11.45 32 43744 13940 110531583
Face oedema 29.67 11.45 50 43726 33419 110512104
Weight decreased 29.52 11.45 299 43477 467758 110077765
Impaired healing 29.39 11.45 21 43755 196696 110348827
Lip dry 28.89 11.45 3 43773 100080 110445443
Retinal haemorrhage 28.04 11.45 26 43750 9475 110536048
Joint range of motion decreased 27.74 11.45 7 43769 121825 110423698
Hepatic function abnormal 27.65 11.45 88 43688 89207 110456316
Febrile neutropenia 26.81 11.45 53 43723 316714 110228809
Urethral cancer 26.38 11.45 6 43770 63 110545460
Meningitis eosinophilic 26.14 11.45 5 43771 20 110545503
Insulin resistance 25.92 11.45 13 43763 1721 110543802
Ketosis 25.78 11.45 13 43763 1741 110543782
Gastrointestinal disorder 25.58 11.45 35 43741 241917 110303606
Pancreatitis chronic 25.55 11.45 18 43758 4447 110541076
Low density lipoprotein increased 25.49 11.45 26 43750 10640 110534883
Infection 25.47 11.45 67 43709 362133 110183390
Coronary artery occlusion 24.93 11.45 31 43745 15741 110529782
Gallbladder neoplasm 24.86 11.45 6 43770 83 110545440
Pain 24.83 11.45 250 43526 954705 109590818
Vulvovaginal mycotic infection 24.72 11.45 19 43757 5358 110540165
Blood urea increased 24.71 11.45 62 43714 54895 110490628
Hepatic cancer 24.52 11.45 26 43750 11130 110534393
Mobility decreased 24.45 11.45 35 43741 237387 110308136
Bladder trabeculation 24.41 11.45 6 43770 90 110545433
Myalgia 24.29 11.45 161 43615 222220 110323303
Forced expiratory volume decreased 24.28 11.45 28 43748 13148 110532375
Fluid retention 23.97 11.45 87 43689 94220 110451303
Blister 23.93 11.45 33 43743 227343 110318180
Shock 23.62 11.45 60 43716 53528 110491995
Blood creatinine increased 23.47 11.45 138 43638 182751 110362772
Rash 23.43 11.45 210 43566 820754 109724769
Pyrexia 23.42 11.45 235 43541 898030 109647493
Dyspnoea 23.38 11.45 588 43188 1106284 109439239
Therapeutic product effect decreased 23.25 11.45 38 43738 244278 110301245
Blood glucose abnormal 23.05 11.45 27 43749 12889 110532634
Cholelithiasis 22.92 11.45 66 43710 63356 110482167
Angina pectoris 22.68 11.45 65 43711 62230 110483293
Blood glucose fluctuation 22.59 11.45 21 43755 7677 110537846
Liver function test increased 22.38 11.45 4 43772 88544 110456979
Generalised oedema 22.25 11.45 42 43734 30662 110514861
Lacunar infarction 22.12 11.45 19 43757 6267 110539256
Pancreatic carcinoma metastatic 22.02 11.45 16 43760 4148 110541375
Musculoskeletal pain 21.96 11.45 24 43752 182999 110362524
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma stage III 21.86 11.45 5 43771 54 110545469
Grip strength decreased 21.67 11.45 3 43773 80171 110465352
Renal impairment 20.92 11.45 137 43639 188308 110357215
Peripheral vascular disorder 20.67 11.45 21 43755 8555 110536968
Blood ketone body increased 20.54 11.45 9 43767 879 110544644
Bladder transitional cell carcinoma stage II 20.47 11.45 5 43771 73 110545450
Night sweats 20.41 11.45 14 43762 133969 110411554
Retinal exudates 20.30 11.45 10 43766 1274 110544249
Renal cyst 20.04 11.45 30 43746 18142 110527381
Abdominal discomfort 20.02 11.45 84 43692 393774 110151749
Vasculitis 19.97 11.45 44 43732 35829 110509694
Hydronephrosis 19.84 11.45 32 43744 20633 110524890
Swelling 19.67 11.45 72 43704 350969 110194554
IIIrd nerve paralysis 19.50 11.45 10 43766 1387 110544136
Inflammation 19.39 11.45 29 43747 193209 110352314
Wound infection 19.32 11.45 7 43769 96458 110449065
Renal cell carcinoma 19.18 11.45 19 43757 7511 110538012
Portal fibrosis 19.13 11.45 8 43768 697 110544826
Diabetic retinal oedema 18.97 11.45 7 43769 437 110545086
Peripheral venous disease 18.83 11.45 5 43771 84112 110461411
Frequent bowel movements 18.54 11.45 3 43773 71387 110474136
Chronic gastritis 18.32 11.45 16 43760 5395 110540128
Malignant neoplasm of renal pelvis 18.25 11.45 5 43771 117 110545406
Biopsy skin abnormal 18.23 11.45 6 43770 266 110545257
Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage 18.03 11.45 19 43757 8074 110537449
C-reactive protein increased 17.97 11.45 37 43739 217882 110327641
Sinusitis 17.87 11.45 59 43717 296629 110248894
Anti-insulin antibody positive 17.83 11.45 6 43770 285 110545238
Hyperkalaemia 17.76 11.45 103 43673 135693 110409830
Ventricular extrasystoles 17.70 11.45 32 43744 22609 110522914
Adverse drug reaction 17.50 11.45 10 43766 105549 110439974
Cellulitis 17.42 11.45 97 43679 125919 110419604
Cardiac disorder 17.42 11.45 68 43708 76212 110469311
Multiple injuries 17.12 11.45 13 43763 3601 110541922
Ankle fracture 16.77 11.45 29 43747 19790 110525733
Liver injury 16.67 11.45 21 43755 150392 110395131
Diabetic complication 16.51 11.45 9 43767 1413 110544110
Autoimmune disorder 16.46 11.45 3 43773 65480 110480043
Urine ketone body present 16.40 11.45 13 43763 3833 110541690
Fibula fracture 16.38 11.45 14 43762 4584 110540939
Myocardial ischaemia 16.32 11.45 34 43742 26650 110518873
Mucosal inflammation 16.09 11.45 9 43767 96132 110449391
Fasting 15.97 11.45 4 43772 65 110545458
Isosporiasis 15.96 11.45 5 43771 189 110545334
Radius fracture 15.96 11.45 13 43763 3987 110541536
Live birth 15.80 11.45 4 43772 69480 110476043
Hypoglycaemic encephalopathy 15.76 11.45 7 43769 706 110544817
International normalised ratio increased 15.65 11.45 72 43704 86700 110458823
Myelosuppression 15.55 11.45 9 43767 94331 110451192
Hypoxia 15.51 11.45 96 43680 129419 110416104
Therapy non-responder 15.40 11.45 24 43752 157283 110388240
Polydipsia 15.29 11.45 17 43759 7671 110537852
Thrombosis 15.26 11.45 84 43692 108578 110436945
Loss of consciousness 15.16 11.45 131 43645 196175 110349348
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased 15.15 11.45 6 43770 78296 110467227
Lipomatosis 15.12 11.45 6 43770 457 110545066
Infectious mononucleosis 15.11 11.45 10 43766 2232 110543291
Cardiac failure acute 15.10 11.45 31 43745 24047 110521476
Renal cancer 15.07 11.45 22 43754 13012 110532511
Adenocarcinoma pancreas 15.02 11.45 10 43766 2253 110543270
Hypoglycaemic unconsciousness 14.94 11.45 8 43768 1212 110544311
Nodule 14.86 11.45 37 43739 32594 110512929
Microalbuminuria 14.77 11.45 8 43768 1241 110544282
Ventricular hypertrophy 14.74 11.45 16 43760 7029 110538494
Arthralgia 14.58 11.45 219 43557 779413 109766110
Rectal cancer 14.46 11.45 12 43764 3777 110541746
Dilatation atrial 14.28 11.45 12 43764 3840 110541683
Cytokine release syndrome 14.25 11.45 5 43771 70301 110475222
Metastatic carcinoma of the bladder 14.25 11.45 5 43771 270 110545253
Pollakiuria 14.08 11.45 44 43732 44151 110501372
Gastrointestinal injury 14.08 11.45 9 43767 1894 110543629
Incorrect route of product administration 13.98 11.45 4 43772 64057 110481466
Unresponsive to stimuli 13.87 11.45 56 43720 63734 110481789
Tibia fracture 13.86 11.45 15 43761 6570 110538953
Sciatica 13.62 11.45 10 43766 92389 110453134
Asthenia 13.61 11.45 363 43413 688636 109856887
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 13.59 11.45 112 43664 165406 110380117
Interstitial lung disease 13.51 11.45 98 43678 139236 110406287
Migraine 13.44 11.45 30 43746 171622 110373901
Osteoarthritis 13.43 11.45 33 43743 182590 110362933
Colitis ulcerative 13.30 11.45 7 43769 77356 110468167
White blood cell count decreased 13.24 11.45 144 43632 229246 110316277
Hepatic steatosis 13.22 11.45 46 43730 48785 110496738
Cardiomyopathy 13.20 11.45 36 43740 33489 110512034
Dialysis 13.19 11.45 26 43750 19593 110525930
Loss of control of legs 13.15 11.45 9 43767 2123 110543400
Blood lactate dehydrogenase increased 13.09 11.45 43 43733 44291 110501232
Abnormal weight gain 12.93 11.45 11 43765 3580 110541943
Nausea 12.69 11.45 604 43172 1235086 109310437
Decreased appetite 12.55 11.45 261 43515 475585 110069938
Blood pressure fluctuation 12.53 11.45 7 43769 74817 110470706
Refusal of treatment by patient 12.42 11.45 17 43759 9477 110536046
Insulin autoimmune syndrome 12.40 11.45 6 43770 736 110544787
Varicose vein ruptured 12.38 11.45 4 43772 167 110545356
Mitral valve incompetence 12.35 11.45 35 43741 33294 110512229
Aortic stenosis 12.23 11.45 20 43756 13039 110532484
Humerus fracture 12.18 11.45 18 43758 10758 110534765
Fatigue 12.11 11.45 378 43398 1215580 109329943
Nocturia 12.01 11.45 23 43753 16967 110528556
Sleep talking 11.95 11.45 7 43769 1261 110544262
Hypercholesterolaemia 11.94 11.45 11 43765 90826 110454697
Inappropriate schedule of product administration 11.91 11.45 41 43735 203596 110341927
Arthritis 11.77 11.45 31 43745 167555 110377968
Cardiovascular disorder 11.65 11.45 27 43749 22733 110522790
Coma 11.52 11.45 18 43758 117851 110427672
Urogenital infection fungal 11.49 11.45 3 43773 58 110545465
Coronary artery stenosis 11.47 11.45 20 43756 13738 110531785
Headache 11.46 11.45 264 43512 882113 109663410

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC A10BD05 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
ATC A10BD06 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
ATC A10BD09 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
ATC A10BD12 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
ATC A10BD33 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
ATC A10BG03 ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
Thiazolidinediones
FDA CS M0447306 Thiazolidinediones
FDA MoA N0000175375 Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha Agonists
FDA MoA N0000175377 Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor gamma Agonists
MeSH PA D007004 Hypoglycemic Agents
FDA EPC N0000175596 Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor alpha Agonist
FDA EPC N0000180186 Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor gamma Agonist
FDA EPC N0000180190 Thiazolidinedione
CHEBI has role CHEBI:22587 antiviral agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35441 antiinfective agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35469 antidepressant
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35526 hypoglycemic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35610 antineoplastic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35674 antihypertensive agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35703 xenobiotic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35705 immunosuppressive agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35842 antirheumatic drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:48407 antiparkinson drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50748 antipsoriatic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50864 insulin-sensitizing drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:55324 gastrointestinal drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:64946 anti-HIV agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:65023 anti-asthmatic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:71554 PPARγ agonist
CHEBI has role CHEBI:74518 anti-obesity agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:75835 anti-anaemic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:77194 EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor
CHEBI has role CHEBI:77307 cardioprotective agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:83157 EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase) inhibitor
CHEBI has role CHEBI:145947 antiatherosclerotic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:173084 ferroptosis inhibitor
CHEBI has role CHEBI:176497 geroprotector

Related Drugs by ATC class:

A10BD Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs 19 drugs
acarbosealogliptincanagliflozindapagliflozinempagliflozinertugliflozinevogliptingemigliptinglimepiridelinagliptinlobeglitazonemetformin show all 19 →
A10BG Thiazolidinediones 3 drugs
lobeglitazonerosiglitazonetroglitazone

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
Diabetes mellitus type 2 indication 44054006 DOID:9352
Alcoholism contraindication 7200002
Asthenia contraindication 13791008
Myocardial infarction contraindication 22298006 DOID:5844
Acute vomiting contraindication 23971007
Alcohol intoxication contraindication 25702006
Shock contraindication 27942005
Dehydration contraindication 34095006
Macular retinal edema contraindication 37231002 DOID:4449
Infectious disease contraindication 40733004
Body fluid retention contraindication 43498006
Chronic heart failure contraindication 48447003
Hepatic porphyria contraindication 55056006 DOID:3133
Ketoacidosis contraindication 56051008
Metabolic acidosis contraindication 59455009
Hemolytic anemia contraindication 61261009 DOID:583
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia contraindication 62403005
Hypopituitarism contraindication 74728003 DOID:9406
Cardiogenic shock contraindication 89138009
Kidney disease contraindication 90708001 DOID:557
Lactic acidosis contraindication 91273001 DOID:3650
Fracture of bone contraindication 125605004
Autonomic dysreflexia contraindication 129618003
Liver function tests abnormal contraindication 166603001
Cobalamin deficiency contraindication 190634004
Decompensated cardiac failure contraindication 195111005
Disease of liver contraindication 235856003 DOID:409
Hypoglycemic disorder contraindication 237630007
Sepsis syndrome contraindication 238150007
Edema contraindication 267038008
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency contraindication 373662000
Adrenal cortical hypofunction contraindication 386584007 DOID:10493
Fever contraindication 386661006
Surgical procedure contraindication 387713003
Malignant tumor of urinary bladder contraindication 399326009 DOID:11054
Severe diarrhea contraindication 409587002
Breastfeeding (mother) contraindication 413712001
Traumatic injury contraindication 417746004
Fever greater than 100.4 Fahrenheit contraindication 426000000
Radiography with IV Iodinated Contrast Agent contraindication
Severe Hypoxemia contraindication




🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 6.33 acidic
pKa2 7.15 Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

Formulation strengthTrade nameApplicantApplication numberApproval dateTypeDose formRoutePatent numberPatent expiration datePatent use
EQ 12.5MG BASE;EQ 15MG BASE **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** OSENI TAKEDA PHARMS USA N022426 Jan. 25, 2013 DISCN TABLET ORAL 7807689 June 27, 2028 METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING ADMINISTERING ALOGLIPTIN
EQ 12.5MG BASE;EQ 30MG BASE OSENI TAKEDA PHARMS USA N022426 Jan. 25, 2013 RX TABLET ORAL 7807689 June 27, 2028 METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING ADMINISTERING ALOGLIPTIN
EQ 12.5MG BASE;EQ 45MG BASE **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** OSENI TAKEDA PHARMS USA N022426 Jan. 25, 2013 DISCN TABLET ORAL 7807689 June 27, 2028 METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING ADMINISTERING ALOGLIPTIN
EQ 25MG BASE;EQ 15MG BASE OSENI TAKEDA PHARMS USA N022426 Jan. 25, 2013 RX TABLET ORAL 7807689 June 27, 2028 METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING ADMINISTERING ALOGLIPTIN
EQ 25MG BASE;EQ 30MG BASE OSENI TAKEDA PHARMS USA N022426 Jan. 25, 2013 RX TABLET ORAL 7807689 June 27, 2028 METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING ADMINISTERING ALOGLIPTIN
EQ 25MG BASE;EQ 45MG BASE OSENI TAKEDA PHARMS USA N022426 Jan. 25, 2013 RX TABLET ORAL 7807689 June 27, 2028 METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING ADMINISTERING ALOGLIPTIN

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])		Mechanism
action		Bioact sourceMoA source
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Nuclear hormone receptor AGONIST EC50 6.23 WOMBAT-PK CHEMBL
Bile salt export pump Transporter IC50 6.52 CHEMBL
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B Enzyme Ki 6.30 CHEMBL
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A Enzyme IC50 4.46 DRUG MATRIX
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha Nuclear hormone receptor EC50 5.18 CHEMBL
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Enzyme IC50 6.19 CHEMBL
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta Nuclear hormone receptor EC50 4.37 CHEMBL
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 Membrane other Ki 6.43 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 2 Enzyme IC50 6.94 DRUG MATRIX
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2 Membrane other IC50 5.32 CHEMBL
Aldose reductase Enzyme IC50 4.88 DRUG MATRIX
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B Enzyme Ki 5.68 CHEMBL
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha Transcription factor IC50 5.94 CHEMBL
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Transcription factor IC50 6.15 CHEMBL
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Transcription factor IC50 6.15 CHEMBL
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] Enzyme IC50 4.10 CHEMBL
Bile salt export pump Transporter IC50 5.70 CHEMBL
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 Membrane other IC50 6 CHEMBL

External reference:

IDSource
4021165 VUID
N0000148616 NUI
D00945 KEGG_DRUG
112529-15-4 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
4021165 VANDF
4021166 VANDF
4029214 VANDF
C0071097 UMLSCUI
CHEBI:8228 CHEBI
8N6 PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL595 ChEMBL_ID
CHEMBL1715 ChEMBL_ID
DB01132 DRUGBANK_ID
D000077205 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
4829 PUBCHEM_CID
2694 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
6343 INN_ID
X4OV71U42S UNII
259319 RXNORM
178611 MMSL
29092 MMSL
35713 MMSL
8258 MMSL
d04442 MMSL
007823 NDDF
007824 NDDF
116097005 SNOMEDCT_US
326058001 SNOMEDCT_US
395828009 SNOMEDCT_US
X4OV71U42S INXIGHT DRUGS

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0093-7271 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0093-7272 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0093-7273 TABLET 45 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0904-7090 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0904-7096 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HCL and Metformin HCL HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 2 13668-280 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 28 sections
Pioglitazone HCL and Metformin HCL HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 2 13668-281 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 28 sections
Pioglitazone Human Prescription Drug Label 1 16714-645 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazone Human Prescription Drug Label 1 16714-646 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazone Human Prescription Drug Label 1 16714-647 TABLET 45 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
PIOGLITAZONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 16729-020 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
PIOGLITAZONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 16729-021 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
PIOGLITAZONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 16729-022 TABLET 45 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Actos HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 21695-147 TABLET 15 mg ORAL NDA 31 sections
Actos HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 21695-148 TABLET 30 mg ORAL NDA 31 sections
Pioglitazone Human Prescription Drug Label 1 33342-054 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazone Human Prescription Drug Label 1 33342-055 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazone Human Prescription Drug Label 1 33342-056 TABLET 45 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazole and metformin hydrochloride Human Prescription Drug Label 2 33342-176 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazole and metformin hydrochloride Human Prescription Drug Label 2 33342-176 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazole and metformin hydrochloride Human Prescription Drug Label 2 33342-177 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazole and metformin hydrochloride Human Prescription Drug Label 2 33342-177 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 30 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-959 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-960 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-961 TABLET 45 mg ORAL ANDA 29 sections
PIOGLITAZONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 43547-426 TABLET 15 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
PIOGLITAZONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 43547-427 TABLET 30 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
PIOGLITAZONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 43547-428 TABLET 45 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
Alogliptin and Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 2 45802-260 TABLET, FILM COATED 30 mg ORAL NDA authorized generic 31 sections
Alogliptin and Pioglitazone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 2 45802-351 TABLET, FILM COATED 15 mg ORAL NDA authorized generic 31 sections