pentoxifylline 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | BioActivity |

Stem definition	Drug id	CAS RN
N-methylated xanthine derivatives	2099	6493-05-6

Description:

Molecule	Description
Molfile Inchi Smiles Synonyms: pentoxifylline azupentat dimethyloxohexylxanthine oxpentifylline pentoxifyllin	A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Molecular weight: 278.31 Formula: C13H18N4O3 CLOGP: 0.12 LIPINSKI: 0 HAC: 7 HDO: 0 TPSA: 75.51 ALOGS: -1.73 ROTB: 5 Status: OFP Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent

Molecule

Description

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

pentoxifylline
azupentat
dimethyloxohexylxanthine
oxpentifylline
pentoxifyllin

A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.

Molecular weight: 278.31
Formula: C13H18N4O3
CLOGP: 0.12
LIPINSKI: 0
HAC: 7
HDO: 0
TPSA: 75.51
ALOGS: -1.73
ROTB: 5

Status: OFP

Legend:
OFP - off patent
OFM - off market
ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

Dose	Unit	Route
1	g	O
0.30	g	P

ADMET properties:

Property	Value	Reference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System)	1	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility)	191 mg/mL	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine)	0 %	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose)	71.86 µM/kg/day	Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability)	25 %	Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution)	1.80 L/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance)	39 mL/min/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma)	0.51 %	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life)	1.20 hours	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Approvals:

Date	Agency	Company	Orphan
Aug. 30, 1984	FDA

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Body tinea	148.99	17.00	33	5272	1387	56285375
Inhibitory drug interaction	127.54	17.00	32	5273	2312	56284450
Infection susceptibility increased	126.92	17.00	33	5272	2750	56284012
Glucose tolerance impaired	104.66	17.00	33	5272	5472	56281290
Purpura	94.95	17.00	36	5269	10326	56276436
Impaired quality of life	86.99	17.00	32	5273	8442	56278320
Femoral neck fracture	78.49	17.00	29	5276	7742	56279020
Bone density decreased	77.60	17.00	33	5272	12727	56274035
Poor quality sleep	73.20	17.00	35	5270	17720	56269042
Hyperlipidaemia	69.53	17.00	34	5271	18075	56268687
Impaired work ability	63.97	17.00	30	5275	14542	56272220
Oral herpes	59.26	17.00	33	5272	22857	56263905
Skin disorder	54.99	17.00	33	5272	26276	56260486
Cellulitis	51.20	17.00	48	5257	74901	56211861
Cataract	43.27	17.00	37	5268	51210	56235552
Peripheral ischaemia	42.66	17.00	16	5289	4447	56282315
Herpes zoster	37.86	17.00	41	5264	75848	56210914
International normalised ratio increased	35.55	17.00	31	5274	44010	56242752
Pneumonia mycoplasmal	28.54	17.00	8	5297	884	56285878
Insomnia	25.53	17.00	56	5249	191804	56094958
Deafness bilateral	25.32	17.00	8	5297	1333	56285429
Pseudomonas infection	24.64	17.00	14	5291	10057	56276705
Prerenal failure	24.05	17.00	8	5297	1567	56285195
Drug interaction	23.26	17.00	57	5248	209698	56077064
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	22.59	17.00	19	5286	25674	56261088
Hypertension	22.59	17.00	62	5243	244216	56042546
Stevens-Johnson syndrome	22.53	17.00	18	5287	22645	56264117
Skin ulcer	21.26	17.00	22	5283	38586	56248176
Allodynia	20.41	17.00	6	5299	785	56285977
Renal failure	20.39	17.00	37	5268	110463	56176299
Corneal leukoma	19.61	17.00	3	5302	14	56286748
Rheumatoid arthritis	19.38	17.00	6	5299	382598	55904164
Melaena	19.06	17.00	18	5287	28272	56258490
Necrotising myositis	19.04	17.00	5	5300	432	56286330
Contusion	18.81	17.00	39	5266	128391	56158371
Osteonecrosis	18.04	17.00	16	5289	23199	56263563
Delirium	17.82	17.00	21	5284	42496	56244266
Mucosa vesicle	17.44	17.00	3	5302	32	56286730
Chillblains	17	17.00	4	5301	220	56286542

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Type 2 lepra reaction	89.82	18.52	18	3926	346	31693054
Acute kidney injury	47.51	18.52	106	3838	279608	31413792
Pleural mass	39.45	18.52	7	3937	67	31693333
Hyperkalaemia	39.14	18.52	44	3900	64307	31629093
Blood lactic acid	39.14	18.52	9	3935	337	31693063
Peripheral artery occlusion	38.12	18.52	12	3932	1494	31691906
Skin hyperpigmentation	37.27	18.52	14	3930	2957	31690443
Biopsy lymph gland	33.67	18.52	6	3938	59	31693341
Drug dependence	32.52	18.52	25	3919	22554	31670846
Mitral valve prolapse	29.64	18.52	8	3936	580	31692820
Peripheral ischaemia	29.46	18.52	14	3930	5286	31688114
Radiotherapy to brain	28.98	18.52	5	3939	40	31693360
Paraesthesia	23.80	18.52	32	3912	56039	31637361
Endarterectomy	22.81	18.52	5	3939	150	31693250
Hilar lymphadenopathy	22.28	18.52	7	3937	866	31692534
Metabolic syndrome	21.94	18.52	8	3936	1555	31691845
Extremity necrosis	21.09	18.52	8	3936	1735	31691665
International normalised ratio increased	21.03	18.52	27	3917	45196	31648204
Hypomagnesaemia	20.89	18.52	18	3926	19040	31674360
Gingival disorder	19.26	18.52	7	3937	1347	31692053
Peripheral vascular disorder	18.96	18.52	10	3934	4706	31688694
Penile pain	18.65	18.52	7	3937	1475	31691925

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Body tinea	136.57	15.21	32	8488	1351	70918573
Glucose tolerance impaired	112.64	15.21	39	8481	6767	70913157
Infection susceptibility increased	112.44	15.21	32	8488	2925	70916999
Type 2 lepra reaction	100.55	15.21	20	8500	383	70919541
Inhibitory drug interaction	100.22	15.21	31	8489	3776	70916148
Purpura	79.01	15.21	40	8480	17935	70901989
Impaired quality of life	74.45	15.21	31	8489	8885	70911039
Peripheral ischaemia	71.62	15.21	30	8490	8728	70911196
Bone density decreased	70.07	15.21	32	8488	11442	70908482
Femoral neck fracture	67.29	15.21	29	8491	9044	70910880
Poor quality sleep	55.39	15.21	33	8487	20316	70899608
Impaired work ability	53.81	15.21	30	8490	16310	70903614
Hyperlipidaemia	53.02	15.21	34	8486	23829	70896095
Acute kidney injury	49.73	15.21	147	8373	474477	70445447
International normalised ratio increased	48.54	15.21	54	8466	80672	70839252
Oral herpes	47.73	15.21	32	8488	24154	70895770
Hyperkalaemia	45.61	15.21	60	8460	106531	70813393
Skin disorder	41.20	15.21	32	8488	30325	70889599
Pleural mass	39.33	15.21	7	8513	71	70919853
Blood lactic acid	36.84	15.21	9	8511	454	70919470
Cellulitis	33.81	15.21	50	8470	98878	70821046
Peripheral artery occlusion	33.79	15.21	12	8508	2240	70917684
Drug dependence	33.47	15.21	31	8489	37290	70882634
Cataract	33.05	15.21	37	8483	55608	70864316
Skin hyperpigmentation	32.62	15.21	16	8504	6699	70913225
Biopsy lymph gland	31.18	15.21	6	8514	96	70919828
Peripheral vascular disorder	30.68	15.21	16	8504	7616	70912308
Radiotherapy to brain	28.94	15.21	5	8515	42	70919882
Herpes zoster	27.58	15.21	42	8478	85193	70834731
Extremity necrosis	27.28	15.21	11	8509	2903	70917021
Peripheral coldness	25.80	15.21	18	8502	14482	70905442
Drug interaction	24.83	15.21	101	8419	381340	70538584
Pneumonia mycoplasmal	22.95	15.21	8	8512	1413	70918511
Rheumatoid arthritis	22.43	15.21	4	8516	291801	70628123
Mitral valve prolapse	20.51	15.21	8	8512	1935	70917989
Anaemia	20.34	15.21	99	8421	403324	70516600
Deafness bilateral	20.30	15.21	8	8512	1988	70917936
Melaena	19.99	15.21	29	8491	56326	70863598
Endarterectomy	19.12	15.21	5	8515	332	70919592
Skin ulcer	18.89	15.21	26	8494	48119	70871805
Haematoma	18.77	15.21	26	8494	48392	70871532
Metabolic syndrome	18.64	15.21	8	8512	2467	70917457
Hilar lymphadenopathy	18.35	15.21	7	8513	1596	70918328
Joint swelling	18.34	15.21	4	8516	253207	70666717
Hypertension	18.15	15.21	77	8443	295956	70623968
Penile pain	17.94	15.21	6	8514	936	70918988
Hepatocellular injury	16.76	15.21	24	8496	46067	70873857
Anticoagulation drug level decreased	16.75	15.21	4	8516	183	70919741
Mucosa vesicle	16.72	15.21	3	8517	32	70919892
Contusion	16.64	15.21	43	8477	127993	70791931
Renal failure	16.42	15.21	55	8465	189015	70730909
Prerenal failure	16.24	15.21	8	8512	3378	70916546
Mycobacterium abscessus infection	16.09	15.21	6	8514	1286	70918638
Hypomagnesaemia	15.97	15.21	22	8498	40742	70879182
Dihydrotestosterone increased	15.71	15.21	3	8517	46	70919878
Allodynia	15.65	15.21	6	8514	1387	70918537
Chillblains	15.61	15.21	4	8516	245	70919679
Pseudomonas infection	15.54	15.21	15	8505	18979	70900945
Malignant atrophic papulosis	15.36	15.21	3	8517	52	70919872

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

Source	Code	Description
ATC	C04AD03	CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS Purine derivatives
FDA PE	N0000009065	Hematologic Activity Alteration
MeSH PA	D000975	Antioxidants
MeSH PA	D002317	Cardiovascular Agents
MeSH PA	D004791	Enzyme Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D016166	Free Radical Scavengers
MeSH PA	D006401	Hematologic Agents
MeSH PA	D010726	Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D010975	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D020011	Protective Agents
MeSH PA	D011837	Radiation-Protective Agents
MeSH PA	D014665	Vasodilator Agents
FDA EPC	N0000175895	Blood Viscosity Reducer

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

Disease	Relation	SNOMED_ID	DOID
Peripheral vascular disease	indication	400047006
Osteoradionecrosis	off-label use	109333005
Alcoholic hepatitis	off-label use	235875008
Retinal hemorrhage	contraindication	28998008
Blood coagulation disorder	contraindication	64779008	DOID:1247
Kidney disease	contraindication	90708001	DOID:557
Bleeding	contraindication	131148009
Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction	contraindication	230706003

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation level	Dissociation constant	Type (acidic/basic)
pKa1	1.43	Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

Target	Class	Pharos	UniProt	Action	Type	Activity value (-log[M])	Bioact source	MoA source
Adenosine receptor A2b	GPCR	P29275	AA2BR_HUMAN	ANTAGONIST	Ki	5.29	CHEMBL	CHEMBL
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B	Enzyme	Q07343	PDE4B_HUMAN	INHIBITOR			WOMBAT-PK	CHEMBL
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Enzyme	O76074	PDE5A_HUMAN	INHIBITOR			DRUGBANK	CHEMBL
Acetylcholinesterase	Enzyme	P22303	ACES_HUMAN		IC50	5.18	CHEMBL

External reference:

ID	Source
4018468	VUID
N0000146791	NUI
D00501	KEGG_DRUG
4018468	VANDF
C0030899	UMLSCUI
CHEBI:7986	CHEBI
PNX	PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL628	ChEMBL_ID
DB00806	DRUGBANK_ID
D010431	MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
4740	PUBCHEM_CID
7095	IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
3309	INN_ID
SD6QCT3TSU	UNII
8013	RXNORM
10203	MMSL
41909	MMSL
5257	MMSL
d00336	MMSL
002098	NDDF
387522004	SNOMEDCT_US
91376007	SNOMEDCT_US

Pharmaceutical products:

Product	Category	Ingredients	NDC	Form	Quantity	Route	Marketing	Label
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0615-8305	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0615-8305	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-5448	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	16590-856	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	33261-992	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	43353-123	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	53808-0516	TABLET, FILM COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	53808-0757	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	53808-0758	TABLET, FILM COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	54868-4515	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	60505-0033	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	60505-0033	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	63629-2910	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	16 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	67544-252	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	16 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	68071-4532	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	68682-101	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	20 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	68682-101	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	20 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	70518-1285	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	70518-1285	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	72189-025	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	72189-025	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	72189-025	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE 0.5% / TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE 0.1%	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	2	72934-1169	GEL	0.50 g	TOPICAL	unapproved drug other	4 sections
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE 0.05% / MINOXIDIL 5% / NIACINAMIDE 2% / PENTOXIFYLLINE 0.5%	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	4	72934-4024	SOLUTION	2 g	TOPICAL	unapproved drug other	4 sections