pentoxifylline 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | BioActivity |

Stem definition	Drug id	CAS RN
N-methylated xanthine derivatives	2099	6493-05-6

Description:

Molecule	Description
Molfile Inchi Smiles Synonyms: pentoxifylline azupentat dimethyloxohexylxanthine oxpentifylline pentoxifyllin	A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Molecular weight: 278.31 Formula: C13H18N4O3 CLOGP: 0.12 LIPINSKI: 0 HAC: 7 HDO: 0 TPSA: 75.51 ALOGS: -1.73 ROTB: 5 Status: OFP Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent

Molecule

Description

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

pentoxifylline
azupentat
dimethyloxohexylxanthine
oxpentifylline
pentoxifyllin

A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.

Molecular weight: 278.31
Formula: C13H18N4O3
CLOGP: 0.12
LIPINSKI: 0
HAC: 7
HDO: 0
TPSA: 75.51
ALOGS: -1.73
ROTB: 5

Status: OFP

Legend:
OFP - off patent
OFM - off market
ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

Dose	Unit	Route
1	g	O
0.30	g	P

ADMET properties:

Property	Value	Reference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System)	1	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility)	191 mg/mL	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine)	0 %	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose)	71.86 µM/kg/day	Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability)	25 %	Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution)	1.80 L/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance)	39 mL/min/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma)	0.51 %	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life)	1.20 hours	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Approvals:

Date	Agency	Company	Orphan
Aug. 30, 1984	FDA

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Body tinea	200.27	18.12	44	5753	1841	63481384
Inhibitory drug interaction	177.05	18.12	43	5754	2806	63480419
Infection susceptibility increased	172.92	18.12	44	5753	3477	63479748
Glucose tolerance impaired	145.71	18.12	44	5753	6533	63476692
Purpura	133.36	18.12	47	5750	11338	63471887
Poor quality sleep	127.73	18.12	53	5744	19882	63463343
Impaired quality of life	117.38	18.12	45	5752	13738	63469487
Bone density decreased	111.31	18.12	44	5753	14568	63468657
Hyperlipidaemia	102.13	18.12	45	5752	19526	63463699
Impaired work ability	100.38	18.12	43	5754	17432	63465793
Oral herpes	86.87	18.12	44	5753	26030	63457195
Skin disorder	81.74	18.12	44	5753	29463	63453762
Cataract	77.70	18.12	54	5743	56999	63426226
Femoral neck fracture	76.77	18.12	29	5768	8494	63474731
Cellulitis	70.54	18.12	59	5738	81899	63401326
Herpes zoster	58.14	18.12	53	5744	82409	63400816
International normalised ratio increased	39.03	18.12	33	5764	46392	63436833
Insomnia	37.52	18.12	69	5728	215183	63268042
Hypertension	30.54	18.12	74	5723	279229	63203996
Contusion	28.55	18.12	50	5747	149994	63333231
Drug interaction	25.34	18.12	61	5736	229070	63254155
Deafness bilateral	24.99	18.12	8	5789	1434	63481791
Peripheral ischaemia	24.73	18.12	11	5786	4867	63478358
Insulin resistance	24.37	18.12	7	5790	871	63482354
Prerenal failure	23.72	18.12	8	5789	1688	63481537
Pseudomonas infection	23.66	18.12	14	5783	11199	63472026
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	22.24	18.12	21	5776	34042	63449183
Stevens-Johnson syndrome	21.51	18.12	18	5779	24932	63458293
Allodynia	20.39	18.12	6	5791	813	63482412
Melaena	20.36	18.12	19	5778	30346	63452879
Skin ulcer	19.85	18.12	22	5775	43023	63440202
Renal failure	19.56	18.12	37	5760	117615	63365610
Corneal leukoma	19.07	18.12	3	5794	18	63483207
Delirium	18.59	18.12	23	5774	50518	63432707
Anogenital warts	18.33	18.12	5	5792	516	63482709

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Acute kidney injury	43.47	17.91	106	4115	304882	34647828
Peripheral artery occlusion	41.06	17.91	13	4208	1699	34951011
Blood lactic acid	39.41	17.91	9	4212	337	34952373
Pleural mass	39.12	17.91	7	4214	73	34952637
Hyperkalaemia	37.50	17.91	44	4177	69345	34883365
Skin hyperpigmentation	36.40	17.91	14	4207	3250	34949460
Biopsy lymph gland	33.15	17.91	6	4215	67	34952643
Heart valve stenosis	32.17	17.91	6	4215	80	34952630
Peripheral ischaemia	31.97	17.91	15	4206	5672	34947038
Drug dependence	31.63	17.91	25	4196	24192	34928518
Mitral valve prolapse	29.23	17.91	8	4213	630	34952080
Radiotherapy to brain	28.71	17.91	5	4216	44	34952666
Aortic bruit	25.72	17.91	6	4215	247	34952463
Myocardial necrosis	25.72	17.91	6	4215	247	34952463
Endarterectomy	22.65	17.91	5	4216	160	34952550
Paraesthesia	22.64	17.91	33	4188	64139	34888571
Penile pain	22.17	17.91	8	4213	1555	34951155
Metabolic syndrome	21.52	17.91	8	4213	1691	34951019
Hilar lymphadenopathy	21.42	17.91	7	4214	1011	34951699
Hypomagnesaemia	21.18	17.91	19	4202	21832	34930878
International normalised ratio increased	20.69	17.91	27	4194	47300	34905410
Extremity necrosis	20.36	17.91	8	4213	1964	34950746
Ventricular enlargement	19.98	17.91	6	4215	658	34952052
Atrial enlargement	19.91	17.91	6	4215	666	34952044
Gingival disorder	18.83	17.91	7	4214	1480	34951230
Peripheral vascular disorder	18.62	17.91	10	4211	5026	34947684
Anticoagulation drug level decreased	18.47	17.91	4	4217	117	34952593

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Body tinea	185.22	15.24	43	9187	1811	79733347
Infection susceptibility increased	155.48	15.24	43	9187	3678	79731480
Glucose tolerance impaired	149.99	15.24	50	9180	8034	79727124
Inhibitory drug interaction	143.43	15.24	42	9188	4411	79730747
Purpura	110.33	15.24	51	9179	19476	79715682
Bone density decreased	101.67	15.24	43	9187	13304	79721854
Poor quality sleep	100.01	15.24	50	9180	22672	79712486
Impaired quality of life	98.56	15.24	43	9187	14343	79720815
Impaired work ability	82.77	15.24	42	9188	19639	79715519
Hyperlipidaemia	79.68	15.24	45	9185	26048	79709110
Oral herpes	72.28	15.24	43	9187	27411	79707747
Femoral neck fracture	65.66	15.24	29	9201	9955	79725203
Skin disorder	63.91	15.24	43	9187	33900	79701258
Cataract	62.19	15.24	54	9176	62066	79673092
Peripheral ischaemia	57.49	15.24	26	9204	9431	79725727
International normalised ratio increased	51.49	15.24	56	9174	84665	79650493
Cellulitis	47.85	15.24	61	9169	108999	79626159
Hyperkalaemia	47.09	15.24	62	9168	114336	79620822
Acute kidney injury	45.87	15.24	148	9082	519256	79215902
Herpes zoster	43.92	15.24	54	9176	93029	79642129
Pleural mass	38.74	15.24	7	9223	81	79735077
Blood lactic acid	37.17	15.24	9	9221	454	79734704
Peripheral artery occlusion	36.48	15.24	13	9217	2544	79732614
Peripheral vascular disorder	33.35	15.24	17	9213	8013	79727145
Drug dependence	32.11	15.24	31	9199	40738	79694420
Skin hyperpigmentation	31.91	15.24	16	9214	7287	79727871
Biopsy lymph gland	30.38	15.24	6	9224	115	79735043
Radiotherapy to brain	28.72	15.24	5	9225	46	79735112
Heart valve stenosis	28.07	15.24	6	9224	172	79734986
Extremity necrosis	26.81	15.24	11	9219	3150	79732008
Contusion	26.17	15.24	55	9175	148721	79586437
Drug interaction	26.09	15.24	106	9124	415077	79320081
Aortic bruit	25.21	15.24	6	9224	281	79734877
Peripheral coldness	24.83	15.24	18	9212	15952	79719206
Hypertension	24.47	15.24	89	9141	330903	79404255
Myocardial necrosis	21.90	15.24	6	9224	495	79734663
Penile pain	21.76	15.24	7	9223	1004	79734154
Joint swelling	20.97	15.24	4	9226	288642	79446516
Drug ineffective	20.70	15.24	203	9027	1080710	78654448
Melaena	20.53	15.24	30	9200	60860	79674298
Skin ulcer	20.20	15.24	28	9202	54122	79681036
Mitral valve prolapse	20.17	15.24	8	9222	2099	79733059
Deafness bilateral	19.89	15.24	8	9222	2177	79732981
Insomnia	19.89	15.24	68	9162	245102	79490056
Ventricular enlargement	19.65	15.24	6	9224	726	79734432
Insulin resistance	19.63	15.24	7	9223	1372	79733786
Endarterectomy	18.67	15.24	5	9225	378	79734780
Metabolic syndrome	18.14	15.24	8	9222	2732	79732426
Haematoma	18.01	15.24	26	9204	52169	79682989
Hilar lymphadenopathy	17.59	15.24	7	9223	1852	79733306
Atrial enlargement	17.56	15.24	6	9224	1037	79734121
Anaemia	17.32	15.24	99	9131	444916	79290242
Anticoagulation drug level decreased	16.86	15.24	4	9226	185	79734973
Hepatocellular injury	16.85	15.24	24	9206	47569	79687589
Mucosa vesicle	16.83	15.24	3	9227	32	79735126
Mycobacterium abscessus infection	16.63	15.24	6	9224	1216	79733942
Dihydrotestosterone increased	16.07	15.24	3	9227	42	79735116
Penile swelling	15.94	15.24	5	9225	661	79734497
Prerenal failure	15.86	15.24	8	9222	3690	79731468
Hypomagnesaemia	15.65	15.24	23	9207	46888	79688270
Renal failure	15.65	15.24	55	9175	200913	79534245
Joint contracture	15.53	15.24	7	9223	2517	79732641
Cardiac failure	15.33	15.24	46	9184	154796	79580362

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

Source	Code	Description
ATC	C04AD03	CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS Purine derivatives
FDA PE	N0000009065	Hematologic Activity Alteration
MeSH PA	D000975	Antioxidants
MeSH PA	D002317	Cardiovascular Agents
MeSH PA	D004791	Enzyme Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D016166	Free Radical Scavengers
MeSH PA	D006401	Hematologic Agents
MeSH PA	D010726	Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D010975	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D020011	Protective Agents
MeSH PA	D011837	Radiation-Protective Agents
MeSH PA	D014665	Vasodilator Agents
FDA EPC	N0000175895	Blood Viscosity Reducer

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

Disease	Relation	SNOMED_ID	DOID
Peripheral vascular disease	indication	400047006
Osteoradionecrosis	off-label use	109333005
Alcoholic hepatitis	off-label use	235875008
Retinal hemorrhage	contraindication	28998008
Blood coagulation disorder	contraindication	64779008	DOID:1247
Kidney disease	contraindication	90708001	DOID:557
Bleeding	contraindication	131148009
Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction	contraindication	230706003

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation level	Dissociation constant	Type (acidic/basic)
pKa1	1.43	Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

Target	Class	Pharos	UniProt	Action	Type	Activity value (-log[M])	Bioact source	MoA source
Adenosine receptor A2b	GPCR	P29275	AA2BR_HUMAN	ANTAGONIST	Ki	5.29	CHEMBL	CHEMBL
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B	Enzyme	Q07343	PDE4B_HUMAN	INHIBITOR			WOMBAT-PK	CHEMBL
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Enzyme	O76074	PDE5A_HUMAN	INHIBITOR			DRUGBANK	CHEMBL
Acetylcholinesterase	Enzyme	P22303	ACES_HUMAN		IC50	5.18	CHEMBL

External reference:

ID	Source
4018468	VUID
N0000146791	NUI
D00501	KEGG_DRUG
4018468	VANDF
C0030899	UMLSCUI
CHEBI:7986	CHEBI
PNX	PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL628	ChEMBL_ID
DB00806	DRUGBANK_ID
D010431	MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
4740	PUBCHEM_CID
7095	IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
3309	INN_ID
SD6QCT3TSU	UNII
8013	RXNORM
10203	MMSL
41909	MMSL
5257	MMSL
d00336	MMSL
002098	NDDF
387522004	SNOMEDCT_US
91376007	SNOMEDCT_US

Pharmaceutical products:

Product	Category	Ingredients	NDC	Form	Quantity	Route	Marketing	Label
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0615-8305	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0615-8305	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-5448	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	16590-856	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	33261-992	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	43353-123	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	53808-0516	TABLET, FILM COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	53808-0757	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	53808-0758	TABLET, FILM COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	54868-4515	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	60505-0033	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	60505-0033	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	60505-0033	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	63629-2910	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	16 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	63629-2910	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	16 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	67544-252	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	16 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	68071-4532	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	68682-101	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	20 sections
Pentoxifylline	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	68682-101	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	20 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	70518-1285	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	70518-1285	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	70518-1285	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	17 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	72189-025	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	72189-025	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	72189-025	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE	400 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
PENTOXIFYLLINE 0.5% / TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE 0.1%	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	2	72934-1169	GEL	0.50 g	TOPICAL	unapproved drug other	4 sections
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE 0.05% / MINOXIDIL 5% / NIACINAMIDE 2% / PENTOXIFYLLINE 0.5%	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	4	72934-4024	SOLUTION	2 g	TOPICAL	unapproved drug other	4 sections