AI ASSISTANT
Ask DrugCentral
Explore drug properties, targets, and indications with answers grounded in DrugCentral.
Powered by DrugCentral + retrieval-augmented AIYour question
Ask in your own words. Each question is answered independently.
Explore sample questions
Select a question to fill the editor, then ask it or make it your own.
DrugCentral answer
Your answer will appear here. Open linked drug cards in a new tab to explore the source details.
About Ask DrugCentral
Ask DrugCentral helps you explore drug properties, biological targets, and indications using natural language. Sample questions offer starting points, and linked drug cards let you check the underlying records.
General architecture
- Ask a questionThe browser sends your question to the same-origin Django chat API.
- Retrieve and generateThe API forwards the question to the configured DrugCentral retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) service, which returns an AI-generated answer.
- Explore the answerThe app resolves cited drug-card names and displays the answer with links to drug records.
Using the assistant
Each request is independent; previous questions are not sent as conversation history. You can edit a sample before submitting, retry a failed request, or switch back to normal search. Drug links open in a new tab so your question and answer stay available.
Answers may contain mistakes or omit information. Verify details against DrugCentral records and original sources.
AI can make mistakes. Verify answers against the original sources before relying on them.
nalmefene 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |
| Stem definition | Drug id | CAS RN |
|---|---|---|
| opioid receptor antagonists/agonists related to normorphine | 1876 | 55096-26-9 |
Description:
| Molecule | Description |
|---|---|
|
Synonyms:
|
Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent |
Drug dosage:
| Dose | Unit | Route |
|---|---|---|
| 18 | mg | O |
ADMET properties:
| Property | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) | 1 | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| S (Water solubility) | 124 mg/mL | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) | 9.60 % | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) | 2.80 µM/kg/day | Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD |
| BA (Bioavailability) | 40 % | Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H |
| Vd (Volume of distribution) | 8.20 L/kg | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| CL (Clearance) | 15 mL/min/kg | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) | 0.65 % | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| t_half (Half-life) | 8.80 hours | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):
| Property | Description | Value | Unit | Confidence | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| azlogd74 | LogD at pH 7.4 | 2.615 | High | 0.81 | |
| caco2-efflux | Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB) | 1.905 | High | 0.81 | |
| caco2-intrinsic-papp | Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability | 26.853 | 10^-6 cm/s | High | 0.81 |
| dh-clint | Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 26.730 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 0.81 |
| dppb | Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 20.190 | % | High | 0.81 |
| fcs-ppb | Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound) | 42.570 | % | High | 0.81 |
| herg | hERG pIC50 | 5.239 | pIC50 | High | 0.81 |
| hh-clint | Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 8.035 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 0.81 |
| hlm-clint | Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance | 29.512 | uL/min/mg protein | High | 0.81 |
| hppb | Human plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 26.230 | % | High | 0.81 |
| kinase-safety-class | ACVR2B,AXL,BRAF,BTK,CAMK2D,CDK5,EIF2AK3,ERBB2,GRK2,ITK,MAP2K6,MAPK10,MAPK7,NTRK2,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,PIK3CA,PRKDC,TEK,TGFBR1 | 21 | |||
| kinase-selectivity-class | EIF2AK3,GRK2,MAP2K6,MAP3K14 | 4 | |||
| mdck-mdr1-bcrp-efflux | MDCK-MDR1-BCRP efflux ratio | 1.069 | High | 0.81 | |
| mdck-mdr1-efflux | MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio | 2.466 | High | 0.81 | |
| mh-clint | Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 61.660 | High | 0.81 | |
| mppb | Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 22.990 | High | 0.81 | |
| nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux | NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio | 8.091 | High | 0.81 | |
| pfas-class | PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) | 0 | |||
| pld-class | Phospholipidosis risk class (1 = positive, 0 = negative) | 0 | High | 0.81 | |
| pppb | Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 36.470 | % | High | 0.81 |
| rat-kpuu-brain | Rat brain Kpuu | 0.233 | % | High | 0.81 |
| rh-clint | Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance | 103.753 | uL/min/10^6 cells | High | 0.81 |
| rh-fuinc | Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation | 56.750 | % | High | 0.81 |
| rppb | Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound) | 15.970 | % | High | 0.81 |
| solubility-dd | Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO | 659.174 | uM | High | 0.81 |
Approvals:
| Date | Agency | Company | Orphan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug. 1, 2019 | PMDA | OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. | |
| April 17, 1995 | FDA | EUROHLTH INTL SARL |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coma | 104.08 | 90.60 | 29 | 357 | 72603 | 90555458 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug withdrawal syndrome | 117.55 | 72.76 | 30 | 422 | 21519 | 42599364 |
| Coma | 106.97 | 72.76 | 34 | 418 | 53520 | 42567363 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coma | 198.51 | 68.31 | 61 | 794 | 117808 | 110470636 |
| Drug withdrawal syndrome | 162.70 | 68.31 | 41 | 814 | 38013 | 110550431 |
| Drug interaction | 83.12 | 68.31 | 50 | 805 | 500133 | 110088311 |
| Respiratory depression | 77.26 | 68.31 | 22 | 833 | 31979 | 110556465 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)
None
Pharmacologic Action:
| Source | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ATC | N07BB05 | NERVOUS SYSTEM OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS DRUGS USED IN ADDICTIVE DISORDERS Drugs used in alcohol dependence |
| FDA MoA | N0000000154 | Opioid Antagonists |
| MeSH PA | D002491 | Central Nervous System Agents |
| MeSH PA | D009292 | Narcotic Antagonists |
| MeSH PA | D018373 | Peripheral Nervous System Agents |
| MeSH PA | D018689 | Sensory System Agents |
| FDA EPC | N0000175691 | Opioid Antagonist |
Related Drugs by ATC class:
N07BB Drugs used in alcohol dependence 4 drugs
Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|
| Disease | Relation | SNOMED_ID | DOID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoholism | indication | 7200002 | |
| Poisoning by opiate analgesic drug | indication | 241749009 | |
| Opiate-Induced Respiratory Depression | indication |
🐶 Veterinary Drug Use
None
🐶 Veterinary products
None
Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0
| Dissociation level | Dissociation constant | Type (acidic/basic) |
|---|---|---|
| pKa1 | 9.73 | acidic |
| pKa2 | 8.16 | Basic |
Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)
| Formulation strength | Trade name | Applicant | Application number | Approval date | Type | Dose form | Route | Patent number | Patent expiration date | Patent use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ 2.7MG BASE/SPRAY | OPVEE | INDIVIOR | N217470 | May 22, 2023 | RX | SPRAY | NASAL | 11458091 | July 10, 2038 | TREATING OPIOID OVERDOSE |
| EQ 1.5MG BASE/0.5ML (EQ 1.5MG BASE/0.5ML) | ZURNAI (AUTOINJECTOR) | KNOA PHARMA | N218590 | Aug. 7, 2024 | RX | SOLUTION | INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBCUTANEOUS | 11865112 | Nov. 5, 2039 | TREATING OPIOID OVERDOSE |
| EQ 2.7MG BASE/SPRAY | OPVEE | INDIVIOR | N217470 | May 22, 2023 | RX | SPRAY | NASAL | 12290596 | Aug. 4, 2042 | EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF A KNOWN OR SUSPECTED OPIOID OVERDOSE/SYMPTOM THEREOF IN A HUMAN CAUSED BY NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS, SUCH AS REMIFENTANIL-INDUCED RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, WITH 2.7MG NALMEFENE, ADMINISTERED AS 3MG NALMEFENE HYDROCHLORIDE |
Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)
| Formulation strength | Trade name | Applicant | Application number | Approval date | Type | Dose form | Route | Exclusivity date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ 2.7MG BASE/SPRAY | OPVEE | INDIVIOR | N217470 | May 22, 2023 | RX | SPRAY | NASAL | May 22, 2026 | NEW PRODUCT |
| EQ 1.5MG BASE/0.5ML (EQ 1.5MG BASE/0.5ML) | ZURNAI (AUTOINJECTOR) | KNOA PHARMA | N218590 | Aug. 7, 2024 | RX | SOLUTION | INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBCUTANEOUS | Aug. 7, 2027 | NEW PRODUCT |
Bioactivity Summary:
| Target | Class | Pharos | UniProt | Action | Type | Activity value (-log[M]) | Mechanism action | Bioact source | MoA source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mu-type opioid receptor | GPCR | ANTAGONIST | Kd | 9.53 | CHEMBL | CHEMBL | |||
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | GPCR | ANTAGONIST | Ki | 9.92 | CHEMBL | CHEMBL | |||
| Delta-type opioid receptor | GPCR | ANTAGONIST | Kd | 9.04 | CHEMBL | CHEMBL | |||
| Mu-type opioid receptor | GPCR | Ki | 9.54 | CHEMBL | |||||
| Delta-type opioid receptor | GPCR | Ki | 8.47 | CHEMBL | |||||
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | GPCR | Ki | 8.70 | CHEMBL |
External reference:
| ID | Source |
|---|---|
| TOV02TDP9I | UNII |
| 4023995 | VUID |
| N0000022000 | NUI |
| D05111 | KEGG_DRUG |
| 1228646-70-5 | SECONDARY_CAS_RN |
| 4020923 | VANDF |
| 4023995 | VANDF |
| C0068377 | UMLSCUI |
| CHEBI:7457 | CHEBI |
| CHEMBL982 | ChEMBL_ID |
| 5284594 | PUBCHEM_CID |
| DB06230 | DRUGBANK_ID |
| CHEMBL5315055 | ChEMBL_ID |
| CHEMBL1201152 | ChEMBL_ID |
| 5189 | INN_ID |
| C038981 | MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI |
| 1628 | IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID |
| 58895-64-0 | SECONDARY_CAS_RN |
| 236069 | RXNORM |
| 357929 | MMSL |
| 42151 | MMSL |
| 5149 | MMSL |
| d03834 | MMSL |
| 005023 | NDDF |
| 005024 | NDDF |
| 109098006 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 361000220103 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 412252005 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 764607009 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| TOV02TDP9I | INXIGHT DRUGS |
Pharmaceutical products:
| Product | Category | Ingredients | NDC | Form | Quantity | Route | Marketing | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPVEE | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 12496-0003 | SPRAY | 2.70 mg | NASAL | NDA | 29 sections |
| NALMEFENE HYDROCHLORIDE | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 59011-960 | INJECTION, SOLUTION | 1 mg | INTRAMUSCULAR | ANDA | 22 sections |
| Zurnai | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 59011-962 | INJECTION, SOLUTION | 1.50 mg | INTRAMUSCULAR | NDA | 29 sections |
| nalmefene hydrochloride | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 82432-101 | SOLUTION | 0.10 mg | INTRAVENOUS | ANDA | 17 sections |
| nalmefene hydrochloride | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 82432-102 | SOLUTION | 2 mg | INTRAVENOUS | ANDA | 17 sections |