WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.


5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Hepatotoxicity: Inform patients of warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Discontinue if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen or if clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease develop 5.3) Hypertension: Patients taking some antihypertensive medications may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs. Monitor blood pressure 5.4, 7) Heart Failure and Edema: Avoid use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with severe heart failure unless benefits are expected to outweigh risk of worsening heart failure 5.5) Renal Toxicity: Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia. Avoid use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with advanced renal disease unless benefits are expected to outweigh risk of worsening renal function 5.6) Anaphylactic Reactions: Seek emergency help if an anaphylactic reaction occurs 5.7) Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity: Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Monitor patients with preexisting asthma (without aspirin sensitivity) 5.8) Serious Skin Reactions: Discontinue diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets at first appearance of skin rash or other signs of hypersensitivity 5.9) Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Discontinue and evaluate clinically 5.10) Fetal Toxicity: Use of NSAIDs, including diclofenac in women at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy may cause oligohydramnios/fetal renal dysfunction and premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus 4, 5.11, 8.1) Hematologic Toxicity: Monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit in patients with any signs or symptoms of anemia 5.12, 7) Hepatotoxicity: Inform patients of warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Discontinue if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen or if clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease develop 5.3) Hypertension: Patients taking some antihypertensive medications may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs. Monitor blood pressure 5.4, 7) Heart Failure and Edema: Avoid use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with severe heart failure unless benefits are expected to outweigh risk of worsening heart failure 5.5) Renal Toxicity: Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia. Avoid use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with advanced renal disease unless benefits are expected to outweigh risk of worsening renal function 5.6) Anaphylactic Reactions: Seek emergency help if an anaphylactic reaction occurs 5.7) Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity: Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Monitor patients with preexisting asthma (without aspirin sensitivity) 5.8) Serious Skin Reactions: Discontinue diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets at first appearance of skin rash or other signs of hypersensitivity 5.9) Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Discontinue and evaluate clinically 5.10) Fetal Toxicity: Use of NSAIDs, including diclofenac in women at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy may cause oligohydramnios/fetal renal dysfunction and premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus 4, 5.11, 8.1) Hematologic Toxicity: Monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit in patients with any signs or symptoms of anemia 5.12, 7) 5.1 Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events. Clinical trials of several cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available data, it is unclear that the risk for CV thrombotic events is similar for all NSAIDs. The relative increase in serious CV thrombotic events over baseline conferred by NSAID use appears to be similar in those with and without known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease. However, patients with known CV disease or risk factors had higher absolute incidence of excess serious CV thrombotic events, due to their increased baseline rate. Some observational studies found that this increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events began as early as the first weeks of treatment. The increase in CV thrombotic risk has been observed most consistently at higher doses.To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in NSAID-treated patients, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events, throughout the entire treatment course, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID, such as diclofenac, increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Status Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) SurgeryTwo large, controlled clinical trials of COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10 to 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG [see Contraindications (4)] Post-MI PatientsObservational studies conducted in the Danish National Registry have demonstrated that patients treated with NSAIDs in the post-MI period were at increased risk of reinfarction, CV-related death, and all-cause mortality beginning in the first week of treatment. In this same cohort, the incidence of death in the first year post-MI was 20 per 100 person years in NSAID-treated patients compared to 12 per 100 person years in non-NSAID exposed patients. Although the absolute rate of death declined somewhat after the first year post-MI, the increased relative risk of death in NSAID users persisted over at least the next four years of follow-up.Avoid the use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet in patients with recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets are used in patients with recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.. 5.2 Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation. NSAIDs, including diclofenac, cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients who develop serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occurred in approximately 1% of patients treated for to months, and in about 2%-4% of patients treated for one year. However, even short-term NSAID therapy is not without risk.Risk Factors for GI Bleeding, Ulceration, and PerforationPatients with prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding who used NSAIDs had greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing GI bleed compared to patients without these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk of GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include longer duration of NSAID therapy; concomitant use of oral corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs (such as aspirin), anticoagulants, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); smoking; use of alcohol; older age; and poor general health status. Most postmarketing reports of fatal GI events occurred in elderly or debilitated patients. Additionally, patients with advanced liver disease and/or coagulopathy are at increased risk for GI bleeding. Strategies to Minimize the GI Risks in NSAID-treated patients: Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration.Avoid administration of more than one NSAID at time.Avoid use in patients at high risk unless benefits are expected to outweigh the increased risk of bleeding. For such patients, as well as those with active GI bleeding, consider alternate therapies other than NSAIDs.Remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during NSAID therapy.If serious GI adverse event is suspected, promptly initiate evaluation and treatment, and discontinue diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet until serious GI adverse event is ruled out.In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, monitor patients more closely for evidence of GI bleeding [see Drug Interactions (7)] . Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration.. Avoid administration of more than one NSAID at time.. Avoid use in patients at high risk unless benefits are expected to outweigh the increased risk of bleeding. For such patients, as well as those with active GI bleeding, consider alternate therapies other than NSAIDs.. Remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during NSAID therapy.. If serious GI adverse event is suspected, promptly initiate evaluation and treatment, and discontinue diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet until serious GI adverse event is ruled out.. In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, monitor patients more closely for evidence of GI bleeding [see Drug Interactions (7)] . 5.3 Hepatotoxicity. In clinical trials with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, meaningful elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], more than times the upper limit of the normal range [ULN]) occurred in 1.6% of 2,184 patients treated with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and in 1.4% of 1,691 patients treated with diclofenac sodium. These increases were generally transient, and enzyme levels returned to within the normal range upon discontinuation of therapy with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. The misoprostol component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets does not appear to exacerbate the hepatic effects caused by the diclofenac sodium component. In clinical trials of diclofenac-containing products, meaningful elevations (i.e., more than times the ULN) of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) occurred in about 2% of approximately 5,700 patients at some time during diclofenac treatment (ALT was not measured in all studies).In large, open-label, controlled trial of 3,700 patients treated with oral diclofenac sodium for to months, patients were monitored first at weeks and 1,200 patients were monitored again at 24 weeks. Meaningful elevations of ALT and/or AST occurred in about 4% of patients and included marked elevations (i.e., greater than times the ULN) in about 1% of the 3,700 patients. In that open-label study, higher incidence of borderline (less than times the ULN), moderate (3 to times the ULN), and marked (greater than times the ULN) elevations of ALT or AST was observed in patients receiving diclofenac when compared to other NSAIDs. Elevations in transaminases were seen more frequently in patients with osteoarthritis than in those with rheumatoid arthritis.Almost all meaningful elevations in transaminases were detected before patients became symptomatic. Abnormal tests occurred during the first months of therapy with diclofenac in 42 of the 51 patients in all trials who developed marked transaminase elevations.In postmarketing reports, cases of drug-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported in the first month, and in some cases, the first months of therapy, but can occur at any time during treatment with diclofenac. Postmarketing surveillance has reported cases of severe hepatic reactions, including liver necrosis, jaundice, fulminant hepatitis with and without jaundice, and liver failure. Some of these reported cases resulted in fatalities or liver transplantation.In European retrospective population-based, case-controlled study, 10 cases of diclofenac associated drug-induced liver injury with current use compared with non-use of diclofenac were associated with statistically significant 4-fold adjusted odds ratio of liver injury. In this particular study, based on an overall number of 10 cases of liver injury associated with diclofenac, the adjusted odds ratio increased further with female gender, doses of 150 mg or more, and duration of use for more than 90 days.Physicians should measure transaminases at baseline and periodically in patients receiving long-term therapy with diclofenac, because severe hepatotoxicity may develop without prodrome of distinguishing symptoms. The optimum times for making the first and subsequent transaminase measurements are not known. Based on clinical trial data and postmarketing experiences, transaminases should be monitored within to weeks after initiating treatment with diclofenac. However, severe hepatic reactions can occur at any time during treatment with diclofenac.If abnormal liver tests persist or worsen, if clinical signs and/or symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dark urine, etc.), diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet should be discontinued immediately.Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and flu-like symptoms). If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets immediately, and perform clinical evaluation of the patient.To minimize the potential risk for an adverse liver related event in patients treated with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest duration possible. Exercise caution when prescribing diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with concomitant drugs that are known to be potentially hepatotoxic (e.g., antibiotics, anti-epileptics).. 5.4 Hypertension. NSAIDs, including diclofenac, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, can lead to new onset of hypertension or worsening of pre-existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Monitor blood pressure (BP) during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.. 5.5 Heart Failure and Edema. The Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists Collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrated an approximately two-fold increase in hospitalizations for heart failure in COX-2 selective-treated patients and nonselective NSAID-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In Danish National Registry study of patients with heart failure, NSAID use increased the risk of MI, hospitalization for heart failure, and death.Additionally, fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients treated with NSAIDs. Use of diclofenac may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions (e.g., diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) [see Drug Interactions (7)] Avoid the use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with severe heart failure unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening heart failure. If diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is used in patients with severe heart failure, monitor patients for signs of worsening heart failure.. 5.6 Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia. Renal ToxicityLong-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, dehydration, hypovolemia, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with advanced renal disease. The renal effects of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets may hasten the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with pre-existing renal disease.Correct volume status in dehydrated or hypovolemic patients prior to initiating diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia during use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Avoid the use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in patients with advanced renal disease unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening renal function. If diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is used in patients with advanced renal disease, monitor patients for signs of worsening renal function. HyperkalemiaIncreases in serum potassium concentration, including hyperkalemia, with use of NSAIDs, even in some patients without renal impairment. In patients with normal renal function, these effects have been attributed to hyporeninemic-hypoaldosteronism state.. 5.7 Anaphylactic Reactions. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet has been associated with anaphylactic reactions in patients with and without known hypersensitivity to the individual components of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol and in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]. Seek emergency help if an anaphylactic reaction occurs.. 5.8 Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity. subpopulation of patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma which may include chronic rhinosinusitis complicated by nasal polyps; severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm; and/or intolerance to aspirin and other NSAIDs. Because cross-reactivity between aspirin and other NSAIDs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity [see Contraindications (4)] When diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is used in patients with preexisting asthma (without known aspirin sensitivity), monitor patients for changes in the signs and symptoms of asthma. 5.9 Serious Skin Reactions. NSAIDs, including diclofenac, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, can cause serious skin adverse reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin reactions, and to discontinue the use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in patients with previous serious skin reactions to NSAIDs [see Contraindications (4)] . 5.10 Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS). Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been reported in patients taking NSAIDs such as diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. Some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and/or facial swelling. Other clinical manifestations may include hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis. Sometimes symptoms of DRESS may resemble an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. Because this disorder is variable in its presentation, other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, discontinue diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and evaluate the patient immediately.. 5.11Fetal Toxicity. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to fetus. Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiation of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)] MisoprostolMisoprostol during pregnancy can result in maternal and fetal harm.DiclofenacPremature Closure of Fetal Ductus ArteriosusNSAIDs, including diclofenac, increase the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus at about 30 weeks of gestation and later. Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal ImpairmentUse of NSAIDs, including diclofenac, at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy may cause fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. These adverse outcomes are seen, on average, after days to weeks of treatment, although oligohydramnios has been infrequently reported as soon as 48 hours after NSAID initiation. Oligohydramnios is often, but not always, reversible with treatment discontinuation. Complications of prolonged oligohydramnios may, for example, include limb contractures and delayed lung maturation. In some postmarketing cases of impaired neonatal renal function, invasive procedures such as exchange transfusion or dialysis were required [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. 5.12 Hematologic Toxicity. Anemia has occurred in NSAID-treated patients. This may be due to occult or gross blood loss, fluid retention, or an incompletely described effect on erythropoiesis. If patient treated with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets has any signs or symptoms of anemia, monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit. NSAIDs, including diclofenac component diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, may increase the risk of bleeding events. Co-morbid conditions such as coagulation disorders or concomitant use of warfarin and other anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin), and SSRIs and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may increase this risk. Monitor these patients for signs of bleeding [see Drug Interactions (7)]. 5.13 Masking of Inflammation and Fever. The pharmacological activity of diclofenac, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, in reducing inflammation, and possibly fever, may diminish the utility of diagnostic signs in detecting infections.. 5.14 Laboratory Monitoring. Because serious GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity, and renal injury can occur without warning symptoms or signs, consider monitoring patients on long-term NSAID treatment with complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry profile periodically [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.6)].

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.


6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] GI Bleeding, Ulceration and Perforation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Heart Failure and Edema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] Anaphylactic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] Serious Skin Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] Hematologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)] Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] GI Bleeding, Ulceration and Perforation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Heart Failure and Edema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] Anaphylactic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] Serious Skin Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] Hematologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)] Most common adverse reactions (> 2%) are: abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea, flatulence, gastritis, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, alanine aminotransferase increased, hematocrit decreased 6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Micro Labs USA Inc. at 1-855-839-8195 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.Adverse reaction information for diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is derived from multinational controlled clinical trials in over 2,000 patients receiving diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg or diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75 mg/ 200 mcg, as well as from blinded, controlled trials of diclofenac sodium delayed-release tablets and misoprostol tablets.GastrointestinalGI disorders had the highest reported incidence of adverse reactions for patients receiving diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. These events were generally minor, but led to discontinuation of therapy in 9% of patients on diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and 5% of patients on diclofenac sodium. For GI ulcer rates, [see Clinical Studies (14)]. GI disorderDiclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release TabletDiclofenac SodiumAbdominal pain 21% 15% Diarrhea 19% 11% Dyspepsia 14% 11% Nausea 11% 6% Flatulence 9% 4% Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets can cause more abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other GI symptoms than diclofenac alone.Diarrhea and abdominal pain developed early in the course of therapy, and were usually self-limited (resolved after to days). Rare instances of profound diarrhea leading to severe dehydration have been reported in patients receiving misoprostol. Patients with an underlying condition such as inflammatory bowel disease, or those in whom dehydration, were it to occur, would be dangerous, should be monitored carefully if diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is prescribed. The incidence of diarrhea can be minimized by administering diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with food and by avoiding coadministration with magnesium-containing antacids.GynecologicalGynecological disorders previously reported with misoprostol use have also been reported for women receiving diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets (see below). Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding may be related to administration of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. If it occurs, diagnostic workup should be undertaken to rule out gynecological pathology [see Boxed Warnings, Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5)]. ElderlyOverall, there were no significant differences in the safety profile of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in over 500 patients 65 years of age or older compared with younger patients.Other adverse experiences reported occasionally with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, diclofenac or other NSAIDs, or misoprostol are:Body as whole: asthenia, fatigue, malaise. Central and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, paresthesia, vertigo. Digestive: anorexia, appetite changes, constipation, dry mouth, dysphagia, esophageal ulceration, esophagitis, eructation, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, GI neoplasm benign, peptic ulcer, tenesmus, vomiting. Female reproductive disorders: breast pain, dysmenorrhea, menstrual disorder, menorrhagia, vaginal hemorrhage. Hemic and lymphatic system: epistaxis, leukopenia, melena, purpura, decreased hematocrit. Metabolic and nutritional: alanine aminotransferase increased, alkaline phosphatase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, dehydration, hyponatremia. Musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, myalgia. Psychiatric: anxiety, concentration impaired, depression, irritability. Respiratory system: asthma, coughing, hyperventilation. Skin and appendages: alopecia, eczema, pemphigoid reaction, photosensitivity, sweating increased, pruritus. Special senses: taste perversion, tinnitus. Renal and urinary disorders: dysuria, nocturia, polyuria, proteinuria, urinary tract infection. Vision: diplopia. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, diclofenac or misoprostol. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliable estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.Body as whole: death, fever, infection, sepsis, chills, edema. Cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, hypertension, hypotension, increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial infarction, palpitations, phlebitis, premature ventricular contractions, syncope, tachycardia, vasculitis. Central and peripheral nervous system: coma, convulsions, hyperesthesia, hypertonia, hypoesthesia, meningitis, migraine, neuralgia, somnolence, stroke, tremor. Congenital, familial and genetic disorders: birth defects. Digestive: enteritis, GI bleeding, glossitis, heartburn, hematemesis, hemorrhoids, intestinal perforation, stomatitis and ulcerative stomatitis. Female reproductive disorders: intermenstrual bleeding, leukorrhea, vaginitis, uterine cramping, uterine hemorrhage. Hemic and lymphatic system: agranulocytosis, anemia, aplastic anemia, coagulation time increased, ecchymosis, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, pulmonary embolism, rectal bleeding, thrombocythemia, thrombocytopenia. Hypersensitivity: angioedema, laryngeal/pharyngeal edema, urticaria. Liver and biliary system: abnormal hepatic function, bilirubinemia, liver failure, pancreatitis, hepatitis, jaundice. Male reproductive disorders: impotence, perineal pain. Metabolic and nutritional: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased, glycosuria, gout, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, periorbital edema, porphyria, weight changes, fluid retention. Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions: abnormal uterine contractions, uterine rupture/perforation, retained placenta, amniotic fluid embolism, incomplete abortion, premature birth, fetal death. Psychiatric: confusion, disorientation, dream abnormalities, hallucinations, nervousness, paranoia, psychotic reaction. Reproductive system and breast disorders: female fertility decreased. Respiratory system: dyspnea, pneumonia, respiratory depression. Skin and appendages: acne, bruising, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, pruritus ani, rash, skin ulceration, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, cutaneous reactions (bullous eruption). Special senses: hearing impairment, taste loss. Renal and urinary disorders: cystitis, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, micturition frequency, nephrotic syndrome, oliguria, papillary necrosis, renal failure, glomerulonephritis membranous, glomerulonephritis minimal lesion, glomerulonephritis. Vision: amblyopia, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, glaucoma, iritis, lacrimation abnormal, night blindness, vision abnormal.

ANIMAL PHARMACOLOGY & OR TOXICOLOGY SECTION.


13.2 Animal Toxicology. reversible increase in the number of normal surface gastric epithelial cells occurred in the dog, rat, and mouse during long-term toxicology studies with misoprostol. No such increase has been observed in humans administered misoprostol for up to year. An apparent response of the female mouse to misoprostol in long-term studies at 100 to 1000 times the human dose was hyperostosis, mainly of the medulla of sternebrae. Hyperostosis did not occur in long-term studies in the dog and rat and has not been seen in humans treated with misoprostol.

BOXED WARNING SECTION.


WARNING: RISK OF UTERINE RUPTURE, ABORTION, PREMATURE BIRTH, BIRTH DEFECTS; AND SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL EVENTS. DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MISOPROSTOL DELAYED-RELEASE TABLETS CONTAINS DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MISOPROSTOL. ADMINISTRATION OF MISOPROSTOL TO WOMEN WHO ARE PREGNANT CAN CAUSE ABORTION, PREMATURE BIRTH, BIRTH DEFECTS, OR UTERINE RUPTURE. UTERINE RUPTURE HAS BEEN REPORTED WHEN MISOPROSTOL WAS ADMINISTERED IN PREGNANT WOMEN TO INDUCE LABOR OR TO INDUCE ABORTION. THE RISK OF UTERINE RUPTURE INCREASES WITH ADVANCING GESTATIONAL AGES AND WITH PRIOR UTERINE SURGERY, INCLUDING CESAREAN DELIVERY. DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MISOPROSTOL DELAYED-RELEASE TABLETS SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN BY PREGNANT WOMEN [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.11), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. PATIENTS MUST BE ADVISED OF THE ABORTIFACIENT PROPERTY AND WARNED NOT TO GIVE THE DRUG TO OTHERS. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets should not be used in women of childbearing potential unless the patient requires nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and is at high risk of developing gastric or duodenal ulceration or for developing complications from gastric or duodenal ulcers associated with the use of the NSAID In such patients, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets may be prescribed if the patient: has had negative serum pregnancy test within weeks prior to beginning therapy.is capable of complying with effective contraceptive measures.has received both oral and written warnings of the hazards of misoprostol, the risk of possible contraception failure, and the danger to other women of childbearing potential should the drug be taken by mistake.will begin diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]. Cardiovascular Thrombotic EventsNSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction, and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and PerforationNSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These events can occur at any time during use and without warning symptoms. Elderly patients and patients with prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding are at greater risk for serious GI events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . has had negative serum pregnancy test within weeks prior to beginning therapy.. is capable of complying with effective contraceptive measures.. has received both oral and written warnings of the hazards of misoprostol, the risk of possible contraception failure, and the danger to other women of childbearing potential should the drug be taken by mistake.. will begin diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]. NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction, and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These events can occur at any time during use and without warning symptoms. Elderly patients and patients with prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding are at greater risk for serious GI events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . WARNING: RISK OF UTERINE RUPTURE, ABORTION, PREMATURE BIRTH, BIRTH DEFECTS; AND SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL EVENTS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MISOPROSTOL DELAYED-RELEASE TABLETS CONTAINS DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MISOPROSTOL. ADMINISTRATION OF MISOPROSTOL TO WOMEN WHO ARE PREGNANT CAN CAUSE ABORTION, PREMATURE BIRTH, BIRTH DEFECTS, OR UTERINE RUPTURE. UTERINE RUPTURE HAS BEEN REPORTED WHEN MISOPROSTOL WAS ADMINISTERED IN PREGNANT WOMEN TO INDUCE LABOR OR TO INDUCE ABORTION. THE RISK OF UTERINE RUPTURE INCREASES WITH ADVANCING GESTATIONAL AGES AND WITH PRIOR UTERINE SURGERY, INCLUDING CESAREAN DELIVERY. DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MISOPROSTOL DELAYED-RELEASE TABLETS SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN BY PREGNANT WOMEN 4, 5.11, 8.1). PATIENTS MUST BE ADVISED OF THE ABORTIFACIENT PROPERTY AND WARNED NOT TO GIVE THE DRUG TO OTHERS. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets should not be used in women of childbearing potential unless the patient requires nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and is at high risk of developing gastric or duodenal ulceration or for developing complications from gastric or duodenal ulcers associated with the use of the NSAID. In such patients, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets may be prescribed if the patient: has had negative serum pregnancy test within weeks prior to beginning therapy 8.3). is capable of complying with effective contraceptive measures. has received both oral and written warnings of the hazards of misoprostol, the risk of possible contraception failure, and the danger to other women of childbearing potential should the drug be taken by mistake. will begin diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period. Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events RiskNSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use 5.1). Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery 4, 5.1). Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation Risk NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These events can occur at any time during use and without warning symptoms. Elderly patients and patients with prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding are at greater risk for serious GI events 5.2). has had negative serum pregnancy test within weeks prior to beginning therapy 8.3). is capable of complying with effective contraceptive measures. has received both oral and written warnings of the hazards of misoprostol, the risk of possible contraception failure, and the danger to other women of childbearing potential should the drug be taken by mistake. will begin diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period. NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use 5.1). Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery 4, 5.1). NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These events can occur at any time during use and without warning symptoms. Elderly patients and patients with prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding are at greater risk for serious GI events 5.2).

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.


13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. CarcinogenesisLong-term animal studies to evaluate the potential for carcinogenesis and animal studies to evaluate the effects on fertility have been performed with each component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets given alone.In 24 month rat carcinogenicity study, misoprostol administered orally at doses up to 2.4 mg/kg/day (14.4 mg/m 2/day, 24 times the MRHD of 0.6 mg/m 2/day) was not tumorigenic. In 21-month mouse carcinogenicity study, misoprostol administered orally at doses up to 16 mg/kg/day (48 mg/m 2/day), 80 times the MRHD based on body surface area, was not tumorigenic. In 24-month rat carcinogenicity study, diclofenac sodium administered orally at up to mg/kg/day (12 mg/m 2/day) was not tumorigenic. In 24-month mouse carcinogenicity study, oral diclofenac sodium at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg/day (0.9 mg/m 2/day, 0.006 times the MRHD based on body surface area) in males and mg/kg/day (3 mg/m 2/day, 0.02 times the MRHD based on body surface area) in females was not tumorigenic. MutagenesisDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol combination in 250:1 ratio was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO/HGPRT) forward mutation test, the rat lymphocyte chromosome aberration test, or the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.Impairment of FertilityThe effects of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol on male or female fertility have not been studied in animals; however, there are data with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol given alone. Misoprostol, when administered to male and female breeding rats in an oral dose range of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg/day (0.6 to 60 mg/m 2/day, to 100 times the MRHD based on body surface area) produced dose-related pre-and postimplantation losses and significant decrease in the number of live pups born at the highest dose (60 mg/m 2/day, 100 times the MRHD based on body surface area). Diclofenac sodium at oral doses up to mg/kg/day (24 mg/m 2/day, 0.16 times the MRHD based on body surface area) was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.


12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is combination product containing diclofenac sodium, an NSAID with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, and misoprostol, GI mucosal protective prostaglandin-1 (PGE1) analog.DiclofenacThe mechanism of action of diclofenac, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2).Diclofenac is potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. Diclofenac concentrations reached during therapy have produced in vivo effects. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models.Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Because diclofenac is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.MisoprostolMisoprostol is synthetic PGE1 analog with gastric antisecretory and mucosal protective properties. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. deficiency of prostaglandins within the gastric and duodenal mucosa may lead to diminishing bicarbonate and mucus secretion and may contribute to the mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs.Misoprostol can increase bicarbonate and mucus production, but it has been shown at doses 200 mcg and above that are also antisecretory. It is therefore not possible to differentiate whether the ability of misoprostol to reduce the risk of gastric and duodenal ulcers is the result of its antisecretory effect, its mucosal protective effect, or both.In vitro studies on canine parietal cells using titrated misoprostol acid as the ligand have led to the identification and characterization of specific prostaglandin receptors. Receptor binding is saturable, reversible, and stereo-specific. The sites have high affinity for misoprostol, for its acid metabolite, and for other type prostaglandins, but not for or prostaglandins and other unrelated compounds, such as histamine or cimetidine. Receptor-site affinity for misoprostol correlates well with an indirect index of antisecretory activity. It is likely that these specific receptors allow misoprostol taken with food to be effective topically, despite the lower serum concentrations attained.Misoprostol, over the range of 50 mcg to 200 mcg, inhibits basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion, and acid secretion in response to variety of stimuli, including meals, histamine, pentagastrin, and coffee. Activity is apparent 30 minutes after oral administration and persists for at least hours. In general, the effects of 50 mcg were modest and shorter-lived, and only the 200 mcg dose had substantial effects on nocturnal secretion or on histamine- and meal- stimulated secretion.Misoprostol also produces moderate decrease in pepsin concentration during basal conditions, but not during histamine stimulation. It has no significant effect on fasting or postprandial gastrin nor intrinsic factor output.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. General pharmacokinetic characteristicsThe pharmacokinetic profiles of diclofenac and misoprostol administered as the fixed combination (diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 50 mg/200 mcg or 75 mg/200 mcg) are similar to the profiles when the two drugs are administered as separate tablets (see Table 2). No pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs has been observed following multiple dosing. The diclofenac total exposure [area under the curve (AUC)] is dose-proportional within the range of 25 mg to 150 mg. Approximately dose-proportional increase in misoprostol exposure was also observed within the range of 200 mcg to 400 mcg. Neither diclofenac nor misoprostol accumulated in plasma following repeated doses of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets given every 12 hours under fasted conditions.Table 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Diclofenac and Misoprostol Acid Following Single Oral Doses of Diclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablet or Separate Products in Healthy Subjects MISOPROSTOL ACID Mean (SD)Treatment (n=36)C max (pg/mL) max (hr) AUC (0-4h) (pg.hr/mL) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 50 mg/200 mcg 441 (137) 0.30 (0.13) 266 (95) Misoprostol 478 (201) 0.30 (0.10) 295 (143) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 75 mg/200 mcg 304 (110) 0.26 (0.09) 177 (49) Misoprostol 290 (130) 0.35 (0.12) 176 (58) DICLOFENAC Mean (SD)Treatment (n=36) Cmax (ng/mL)Tmax (hr)AUC (0-12h) (ng.hr/mL) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 50 mg/200 mcg 1207 (364) 2.4 (1) 1380 (272) Diclofenac Sodium 1298 (441) 2.4 (1) 1357 (290) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 75 mg/ 200 mcg 2025 (2005) 2.0 (1.4) 2773 (1347) Diclofenac Sodium 2367 (1318) 1.9 (0.7) 2609 (1185) SD: Standard deviation of the mean; AUC: Area under the curve; max: Peak concentration; max: Time to peak concentration AbsorptionDiclofenac: Diclofenac is completely absorbed from the GI tract after oral administration under fasted condition, and peak plasma levels are achieved in hours (range to hours), and the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) is dose-proportional within the range of 25 mg to 150 mg. Peak plasma levels are less than dose-proportional and are approximately 1.5 and mcg/mL for 50 mg and 75 mg doses, respectively. The diclofenac in diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is in pharmaceutical formulation that resists dissolution in the low pH of gastric fluid but allows rapid release of drug in the higher pH environment of the duodenum. Only 50% of the absorbed dose is systemically available due to first pass metabolism (i.e., oral bioavailability is 50%). Misoprostol: Misoprostol is rapidly absorbed following oral administration of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, and misoprostol acid (active metabolite) reaches maximum plasma concentration in approximately 20 minutes. Maximum plasma concentrations of misoprostol acid are diminished when the dose is taken with food, and total availability of misoprostol acid is reduced by use of concomitant antacid. Clinical trials were conducted with concomitant antacid; this effect does not appear to be clinically important. Food decreases the multiple-dose bioavailability profile of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 50 mg/200 mcg and diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 75 mg/200 mcg.DistributionDiclofenac: The volume of distribution of diclofenac is approximately 0.55 L/kg. More than 99% of diclofenac is bound to plasma albumin. Misoprostol: The plasma protein binding of misoprostol acid is less than 90% and is concentration-independent in the therapeutic range. After single oral dose of misoprostol to nursing mothers, misoprostol acid was excreted in breast milk. The maximum concentration of misoprostol acid in expressed breast milk was achieved within hour after dosing and was 7.6 pg/mL (CV 37%) and 20.9 pg/mL (CV 77%) after single 200 mcg and 600 mcg misoprostol administration, respectively. The misoprostol acid concentrations in breast milk declined to <1 pg/mL at hours post-dose. These data may not reflect drug level in mature milk and in daily dosing regimen for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.EliminationMetabolismDiclofenac: Metabolism is predominantly mediated via CYP2C9 in the liver. Five metabolites (4hydroxy-, 5-hydroxy-, 3-hydroxy-, 4,5-dihydroxy- and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy diclofenac) have been identified. The major metabolite (4-hydroxy-diclofenac) has very weak pharmacologic activity. Both diclofenac and its oxidative metabolites undergo glucuronidation or sulfation followed by biliary excretion. Acylglucuronidation mediated by UGT2B7 and oxidation mediated by CYP2C8 may also play role in diclofenac metabolism. CYP3A4 is responsible for the formation of minor metabolites, 5-hydroxy and 3-hydroxy-diclofenac.Misoprostol: Undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism to its biologically active metabolite, misoprostol acid. ExcretionDiclofenac: Diclofenac is eliminated through metabolism and subsequent urinary and biliary excretion of the glucuronide and the sulfate conjugates of the metabolites. Approximately 65% of the dose is excreted in the urine and 35% in the bile. The elimination half-life of diclofenac is approximately hours. The clearance of diclofenac is approximately 350 mL/min (equivalent to 21 L/h). Conjugates of unchanged diclofenac account for 5% to 10% of the dose excreted in the urine and for less than 5% excreted in the bile. Little or no unchanged unconjugated drug is excreted. Conjugates of the principal metabolite account for 20% to 30% of the dose excreted in the urine and for 10% to 20% of the dose excreted in the bile.Conjugates of three other metabolites together account for 10% to 20% of the dose excreted in the urine and for small amounts excreted in the bile. The elimination half-life values for these metabolites are shorter than those for the parent drug. Urinary excretion of an additional metabolite (half-life 80 hours) accounts for only 1.4% of the oral dose. The degree of accumulation of diclofenac metabolites is unknown. Some of the metabolites may have activity.Misoprostol: After oral administration of radio-labeled misoprostol, approximately 70% of detected radioactivity appears in the urine. The elimination half-life is approximately 30 minutes. Specific PopulationsAge: Geriatric PopulationA 4-week study, comparing plasma level profiles of diclofenac (50 mg two times day) in younger adults (26 to 46 years, N=10) versus elderly subjects (66 to 81 years, N=10), did not show differences between age groups. In subjects over 64 years of age, the AUC for misoprostol acid was increased.In multiple-dose crossover study of 24 elderly subjects aged 65 years or older, the misoprostol contained in diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets (two times day) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac.RacePharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been identified. Renal ImpairmentIn patients with renal impairment (N=5, creatinine clearance to 42 mL/min) following intravenous administration of 50 mg diclofenac, AUC values and elimination rates were comparable to those in healthy subjects.Pharmacokinetic studies with misoprostol in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment showed an approximate doubling of elimination half-life, max, and AUC compared to healthy subjects. Hepatic ImpairmentIn patients with biopsy-confirmed cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis (variably elevated transaminases and mildly elevated bilirubin, N=10), diclofenac concentrations and urinary elimination values following administration of 100 mg oral solution were comparable to those in healthy subjects.In study of subjects with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, mean misoprostol acid AUC and max showed approximately twice high as the mean values obtained in healthy subjects. Three subjects who had the lowest antipyrine and lowest indocyanine green clearance values had the highest misoprostol acid AUC and max values. Drug Interaction Studies DiclofenacAspirin: When diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets was administered with aspirin, the protein binding of diclofenac was reduced, although the clearance of the free diclofenac was not altered. The clinical significance of this interaction is not known. See Table for clinically significant drug interactions of NSAIDs with aspirin [see Drug Interactions (7)] Voriconazole: When single dose diclofenac (50 mg) was coadministered with the last dose of voriconazole (400 mg every 12 hours on Day 1, followed by 200 mg every 12 hours on Day 2), the mean max and AUC of diclofenac were increased by 114% and 78%, respectively, when compared to diclofenac alone [see Drug Interactions (7)] In vitro, diclofenac interferes minimally with the protein binding of prednisolone (10% decrease in binding). Benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, cephalothin, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole have no influence, in vitro, on the protein binding of diclofenac in human serum. Other drugs: In small groups of patients (7 to 10 patients/interaction study), the concomitant administration of azathioprine, gold, chloroquine, D-penicillamine, prednisolone, doxycycline or digitoxin did not significantly affect max and AUC of diclofenac. MisoprostolDiazepam: Misoprostol given for week had no effect on the steady state pharmacokinetics of diazepam when the two drugs were administered hours apart. Other drugs: Pharmacokinetic studies also showed lack of drug interaction with antipyrine or propranolol given with misoprostol.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.


14 CLINICAL STUDIES. Osteoarthritis Diclofenac sodium, as single ingredient or in combination with misoprostol, has been shown to be effective in the management of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis.Rheumatoid arthritisDiclofenac sodium, as single ingredient or in combination with misoprostol, has been shown to be effective in the management of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.Upper gastrointestinal safetyDiclofenac, and other NSAIDs, have caused serious gastrointestinal toxicity, such as bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach, small intestine or large intestine. Misoprostol has been shown to reduce the incidence of endoscopically diagnosed NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers. In 12-week, randomized, double-blind, dose-response study, misoprostol 200 mcg administered four, three or two times day, was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the incidence of gastric ulcer in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients using variety of NSAIDs. The three times day regimen was therapeutically equivalent to misoprostol 200 mcg four times day with respect to the prevention of gastric ulcers. Misoprostol 200 mcg given two times day was less effective than 200 mcg given three or four times day. The incidence of NSAID-induced duodenal ulcer was also significantly reduced with all three regimens of misoprostol compared to placebo (see Table 3).Table Misoprostol 200 mcg Dosage Regimen Placebotwo times day three times day four times day Gastric ulcer 11% 6% 3% 3% Duodenal ulcer 6% 2% 3% 1% N=1623; 12 weeksMisoprostol significantly different from placebo (p<0.05)Results of study in 572 patients with osteoarthritis demonstrate that patients receiving diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets have lower incidence of endoscopically defined gastric ulcers compared to patients receiving diclofenac sodium (see Table 4).Table 4Osteoarthritis patients with history of ulcer or erosive disease (N=572), weeksIncidence of ulcersGastricDuodenalDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg three times day 3% 6% Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75 mg/200 mcg two times day 4% 3% Diclofenac sodium 75 mg two times day 11% 7% Placebo 3% 1% Statistically significantly different from diclofenac (p<0.05).

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.


4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in the following patients:Known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to diclofenac sodium and misoprostol, other prostaglandins, or any components of the drug product [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7, 5.9)] History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7, 5.8)] In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Pregnancy. Use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet during pregnancy can result in maternal and fetal harm, including abortion, premature birth, birth defects, and uterine rupture [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] Active gastrointestinal bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to diclofenac sodium and misoprostol, other prostaglandins, or any components of the drug product [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7, 5.9)] History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7, 5.8)] In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Pregnancy. Use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet during pregnancy can result in maternal and fetal harm, including abortion, premature birth, birth defects, and uterine rupture [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] Active gastrointestinal bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Known hypersensitivity to diclofenac, misoprostol, or any components of the drug product 4) History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs 4) In the setting of CABG surgery 4) Pregnancy 4) Active gastrointestinal bleeding 4) Known hypersensitivity to diclofenac, misoprostol, or any components of the drug product 4) History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs 4) In the setting of CABG surgery 4) Pregnancy 4) Active gastrointestinal bleeding 4).

DESCRIPTION SECTION.


11 DESCRIPTION. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet, USP is combination product containing diclofenac sodium, an NSAID with analgesic properties, and misoprostol, gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal protective prostaglandin-1 (PGE1) analog. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets are white to off-white, round, biconvex, and approximately 11 mm in diameter. Each tablet consists of an enteric-coated core containing 50 mg (diclofenac sodium and misoprostol tablets 50 mg/200 mcg) or 75 mg (diclofenac sodium and misoprostol tablets 75 mg/200 mcg) of diclofenac sodium (equivalent to 46.39 mg or 69.58 mg of diclofenac, respectively) surrounded by an outer mantle containing 200 mcg misoprostol.Diclofenac sodium is phenylacetic acid derivative that is white to off-white, virtually odorless, crystalline powder. Diclofenac sodium is freely soluble in methanol, soluble in ethanol, and practically insoluble in chloroform and in dilute acid. Diclofenac sodium is sparingly soluble in water. Its chemical formula and name are:C 14H 10Cl 2NO 2Na [M.W. 318.14] 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino] benzeneacetic acid, monosodium salt. Misoprostol is water-soluble, viscous liquid that contains approximately equal amounts of two diastereomers. Its chemical formula and name are: 22H 38O [M.W. 382.54] (+-) methyl 11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13E-en-1-oate. Inactive ingredients in diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets include: Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, Corn Starch, Crospovidone, Hydrogenated Castor oil, Hypromellose, Lactose Monohydrate (Super Tab 11SD), Lactose Monohydrate (Pharmatose 200M), Magnesium Stearate, Methacrylic Acid Copolymer Dispersion, Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel PH-112), Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel PH-101), Povidone Sodium Hydroxide, Triethyl Citrate and Talc.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.


2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see Warnings and Precautions (5)] After observing the response to initial therapy with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patients needs.For the relief of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the dosage is given below.Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is administered as diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg or as diclofenac sodium misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75 mg/200 mcg. Note: See Special Dosing Considerations section below. For osteoarthritis, the dosage for maximal GI mucosal protection is diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg three times day. For patients who experience intolerance, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75mg/200mcg two times day or diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg two times day can be used, but are less effective in preventing ulcers. This fixed combination product, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, is not recommended for patients who would not receive the appropriate dose of both ingredients. Doses of the components delivered with these regimens are as follows: Osteoarthritis regimenDiclofenac sodium (mg/day)Misoprostol (mcg/day)Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50mg /200mcg three times day 150 600 two times day 100 400 Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75 mg/200 mcg two times day 150 400 For rheumatoid arthritis, the dosage is diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg three or four times day. For patients who experience intolerance, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75mg/200mcg two times day or diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg two times day can be used, but are less effective in preventing ulcers. This fixed combination product, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, is not recommended for patients who would not receive the appropriate dose of both ingredients. Doses of the components delivered with these regimens are as follows: Rheumatoid Arthritis regimen Diclofenac sodium(mg/day)Misoprostol(mcg/day) Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg four times day 200 800 three times day 150 600 two times day 100 400 Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 75mg/200mcg two times day 150 400 Special Dosing Considerations:Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet contains misoprostol, which provides protection against gastric and duodenal ulcers [see Clinical Studies (14)] For gastric ulcer prevention, the 200 mcg four and three times day regimens are therapeutically equivalent, but more protective than the two times day regimen. For duodenal ulcer prevention, the four times day regimen is more protective than the three or two times day regimens. However, the four times day regimen is less well tolerated than the three times day regimen because of usually self-limited diarrhea related to the misoprostol dose [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] and the two times day regimen may be better tolerated than three times day in some patients. Dosages may be individualized using the separate products (misoprostol and diclofenac sodium), after which the patient may be changed to the appropriate dose of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. If clinically indicated, misoprostol co-therapy with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, or use of the individual components to optimize the misoprostol dose and/or frequency of administration, may be appropriate. The total dose of misoprostol should not exceed 800 mcg/day, and no more than 200 mcg of misoprostol should be administered at any one time. Doses of diclofenac sodium higher than 150 mg/day in osteoarthritis or higher than 200 mg/day in rheumatoid arthritis are not recommended.When concomitant use of CYP2C9 inhibitors is necessary, the total daily dose of diclofenac should not exceed the lowest recommended dose of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets 50 mg/200 mcg two times day.For additional information, it may be helpful to refer to the prescribing information for the individual products of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol.. Use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals 2) Osteoarthritis: One tablet (containing 50 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two or three times daily; or one tablet (containing 75 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two times daily. dosage of diclofenac higher than 150 mg/day is not recommended 2) Rheumatoid Arthritis: One tablet (containing 50 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two to four times daily; or one tablet (containing 75 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two times daily. dosage of diclofenac higher than 200 mg/day is not recommended, 2) Use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals 2) Osteoarthritis: One tablet (containing 50 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two or three times daily; or one tablet (containing 75 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two times daily. dosage of diclofenac higher than 150 mg/day is not recommended 2) Rheumatoid Arthritis: One tablet (containing 50 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two to four times daily; or one tablet (containing 75 mg of diclofenac and 200 mcg of misoprostol) two times daily. dosage of diclofenac higher than 200 mg/day is not recommended, 2).

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.


3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, USP are supplied as uncoated tablets in dosage strengths of either 50 mg diclofenac sodium/200 mcg misoprostol or 75 mg diclofenac sodium/200 mcg misoprostol. 50 mg/200 mcg dosage strength is white to off-white, round, biconvex uncoated tablet debossed with 50 on one side and plain on other side. 75 mg/200 mcg dosage strength is white to off-white, round, biconvex uncoated tablet debossed with 75 on one side and plain on other side. Delayed-release tablets: 50 mg diclofenac sodium and 200 mcg misoprostol 3) 75 mg diclofenac sodium and 200 mcg misoprostol 3) 50 mg diclofenac sodium and 200 mcg misoprostol 3) 75 mg diclofenac sodium and 200 mcg misoprostol 3).

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.


7 DRUG INTERACTIONS. See Table for clinically significant drug interactions with diclofenac and misoprostol.Table 1: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Diclofenac and Misoprostol Drugs That Interfere with HemostasisClinicalImpact: Diclofenac and anticoagulants such as warfarin have synergistic effect on bleeding. The concomitant use of diclofenac and anticoagulants have an increased risk of serious bleeding compared to the use of either drug alone.Serotonin release by platelets plays an important role in hemostasis. Case-control and cohort epidemiological studies showed that concomitant use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and an NSAID may potentiate the risk of bleeding more than an NSAID alone.Intervention:Monitor patients with concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin), SSRIs, and SNRIs for signs of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)]. AspirinClinical Impact: Controlled clinical studies showed that the concomitant use of NSAIDs and analgesic doses of aspirin does not produce any greater therapeutic effect than the use of NSAIDs alone. In clinical study, the concomitant use of an NSAID and aspirin was associated with significantly increased incidence of GI adverse reactions as compared to use of the NSAID alone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Intervention: Concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and analgesic doses of aspirin is not generally recommended because of the increased risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)] Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is not substitute for low dose aspirin for cardiovascular protection. ACE Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Beta-BlockersClinical Impact: NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or beta-blockers (including propranolol). In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or have renal impairment, co-administration of an NSAID with ACE inhibitors or ARBs may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Intervention: The concomitant administration of these drugs should be done with caution. Patients should be adequately hydrated and the clinical need to monitor the renal function should be assessed at the beginning of the concomitant treatment and periodically thereafter.During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or beta-blockers, monitor blood pressure to ensure that the desired blood pressure is obtained.During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and ACE inhibitors or ARBs in patients who are elderly, volume-depleted, or have impaired renal function, monitor for signs of worsening renal function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. DiureticsClinical Impact:Clinical studies, as well as post-marketing observations, showed that NSAIDs reduced the natriuretic effect of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) and thiazide diuretics in some patients. This effect has been attributed to the NSAID inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. Intervention:During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with diuretics, observe patients for signs of worsening renal function, in addition to assuring diuretic efficacy including antihypertensive effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] DigoxinClinical Impact: The concomitant use of diclofenac with digoxin has been reported to increase the serum concentration and prolong the half-life of digoxin. Intervention: During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and digoxin, monitor serum digoxin levels. LithiumClinical Impact:NSAIDs have produced elevations in plasma lithium levels and reductions in renal lithium clearance The mean minimum lithium concentration increased 15%, and the renal clearance decreased by approximately 20%. This effect has been attributed to NSAID inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. Intervention:During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and lithium, monitor patients for signs of lithium toxicity. Methotrexate Clinical Impact:Concomitant use of NSAIDs and methotrexate may increase the risk for methotrexate toxicity (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction). Intervention:During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and methotrexate, monitor patients for methotrexate toxicity. Cyclosporine Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of diclofenac and cyclosporine may increase cyclosporines nephrotoxicity. Intervention:During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and cyclosporine, monitor patients for signs of worsening renal function. NSAIDs and SalicylatesClinical Impact:Concomitant use of diclofenac with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) increases the risk of GI toxicity, with little or no increase in efficacy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Intervention:The concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with other NSAIDs or salicylates is not recommended. PemetrexedClinical Impact:Concomitant use of diclofenac and pemetrexed may increase the risk of pemetrexed-associated myelosuppression, renal, and GI toxicity (see the pemetrexed prescribing information). Intervention:During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and pemetrexed, in patients with renal impairment whose creatinine clearance ranges from 45 to 79 mL/min, monitor for myelosuppression, renal and GI toxicity. Avoid diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets for period of two days before, the day of, and two days following administration of pemetrexed. Antacids Clinical Impact:Antacids reduce the bioavailability of misoprostol acid. Antacids may also delay absorption of diclofenac. Magnesium-containing antacids exacerbate misoprostol-associated diarrhea. Intervention:Concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and magnesium-containing antacids is not recommended. CorticosteroidsClinical Impact:Concomitant use of corticosteroids with diclofenac may increase the risk of GI ulceration or bleeding. Intervention:Monitor patients with concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with corticosteroids for signs of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] CYP2C9 Inhibitors or InducersClinical Impact:Diclofenac is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, predominantly by CYP2C9. Co-administration of diclofenac with CYP2C9 inhibitors (e.g., voriconzaole) may enhance the exposure and toxicity of diclofenac [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] whereas co-administration with CYP2C9 inducers (e.g., rifampin) may lead to compromised efficacy of diclofenac. Intervention:CYP 2C9 inhibitors: When concomitant use of CYP2C9 inhibitors is necessary, the total daily dose of diclofenac should not exceed the lowest recommended dose of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 50 mg/200 mcg twice daily [see Dosage and Administration (2)] CYP2C9 inducers: dosage adjustment may be warranted when diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is administered with CYP2C9 inducers. Administer the separate products of misoprostol and diclofenac if higher dose of diclofenac is deemed necessary. Diclofenac and anticoagulants such as warfarin have synergistic effect on bleeding. The concomitant use of diclofenac and anticoagulants have an increased risk of serious bleeding compared to the use of either drug alone.. Serotonin release by platelets plays an important role in hemostasis. Case-control and cohort epidemiological studies showed that concomitant use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and an NSAID may potentiate the risk of bleeding more than an NSAID alone.. NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or beta-blockers (including propranolol). In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or have renal impairment, co-administration of an NSAID with ACE inhibitors or ARBs may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible.. The concomitant administration of these drugs should be done with caution. Patients should be adequately hydrated and the clinical need to monitor the renal function should be assessed at the beginning of the concomitant treatment and periodically thereafter.. During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or beta-blockers, monitor blood pressure to ensure that the desired blood pressure is obtained.. During concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and ACE inhibitors or ARBs in patients who are elderly, volume-depleted, or have impaired renal function, monitor for signs of worsening renal function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. See full prescribing information for list of clinically important drug interactions. 7).

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.


8.5 Geriatric Use. Elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for NSAID-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. If the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.14)] Of the more than 2,100 subjects in clinical studies with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, 25% were 65 and over, while 6% were 75 and over. In studies with diclofenac, 31% of subjects were 65 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.Diclofenac is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] Based on studies in the elderly, no adjustment of the dose of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is necessary in the elderly for pharmacokinetic reasons [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.14) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 ], although many elderly may need to receive reduced dose because of low body weight or disorders associated with aging.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.


16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, USP are supplied as uncoated tablets in dosage strengths of either 50 mg diclofenac sodium/200 mcg misoprostol or 75 mg diclofenac sodium/200 mcg misoprostol. 50 mg/200 mcg dosage strength is white to off-white, round, biconvex uncoated tablet debossed with 50 on one side and plain on other side. 75 mg/200 mcg dosage strength is white to off-white, round, biconvex uncoated tablet debossed with 75 on one side and plain on other side.The dosage strengths are supplied in:StrengthNDC Number Size 50 mg/200 mcg 42571-133-30 Bottle of 30 Tablets 42571-133-60 Bottle of 60 Tablets 42571-133-90 Bottle of 90 Tablets 42571-133-29 Carton of 60 (6X10) unit dose Tablets 75 mg/200 mcg 42571-134-30 Bottle of 30 Tablets 42571-134-60 Bottle of 60 Tablets 42571-134-90 Bottle of 90 Tablets 42571-134-29 Carton of 60 (6X10) unit dose Tablets Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.].

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet are indicated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications. For list of factors that may increase the risk of NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets is combination of diclofenac sodium, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and misoprostol, prostaglandin-1 (PGE1) analog, indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications 1).

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.


17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide). Inform patients, families, or their caregivers of the following information before initiating therapy with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy.Embryo-Fetal ToxicityAdvise females that diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women. Use of misoprostol, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets during pregnancy can result in maternal and fetal harm, including abortion, premature birth, birth defects and uterine rupture. Use of diclofenac may cause oligohydramnios/fetal renal dysfunction and premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11), Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise patients not to give diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets to other females of reproductive potential [see Boxed Warning] Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. Advise females to inform their healthcare provider of known or suspected pregnancy [see Contraindications (4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] InfertilityAdvise females of reproductive potential that diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] Cardiovascular Thrombotic EventsAdvise patients to be alert for the symptoms of cardiovascular thrombotic events, including chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, and to report any of these symptoms to their health care provider immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and PerforationAdvise patients to report symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis to their health care provider. In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, inform patients of the increased risk for and the signs and symptoms of GI bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] HepatotoxicityInform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritus, diarrhea, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and flu-like symptoms). If these occur, instruct patients to stop diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and seek immediate medical therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Heart Failure and EdemaAdvise patients to be alert for the symptoms of congestive heart failure including shortness of breath, unexplained weight gain, or edema and to contact their healthcare provider if such symptoms occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Anaphylactic ReactionsInform patients of the signs of an anaphylactic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). Instruct patients to seek immediate emergency help if these occur [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] Serious Skin Reactions, including DRESSAdvise patients to stop taking diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets immediately if they develop any type of rash or fever and contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9, 5.10)] Avoid Concomitant Use of NSAIDsInform patients that the concomitant use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7)]. Alert patients that NSAIDs ma be present in over the counter medications for treatment of colds, fever, or insomnia. Use of NSAIDS and Low-Dose AspirinInform patients not to use low-dose aspirin concomitantly with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets until they talk to their healthcare provider [see Drug Interactions (7)] Manufactured by:Micro Labs LimitedGoa-403 722, INDIA.Manufactured for:Micro Labs USA, Inc.Somerset, NJ 08873Rev. 12/2021. Advise females that diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women. Use of misoprostol, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets during pregnancy can result in maternal and fetal harm, including abortion, premature birth, birth defects and uterine rupture. Use of diclofenac may cause oligohydramnios/fetal renal dysfunction and premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11), Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise patients not to give diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets to other females of reproductive potential [see Boxed Warning] . Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. Advise females to inform their healthcare provider of known or suspected pregnancy [see Contraindications (4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].

LABOR & DELIVERY SECTION.


8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryNo lactation studies have been conducted with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets; however, limited published literature reports that diclofenac and the active metabolite of misoprostol are present in breast milk [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from the diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets or from the underlying maternal condition.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.


12.1 Mechanism of Action. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is combination product containing diclofenac sodium, an NSAID with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, and misoprostol, GI mucosal protective prostaglandin-1 (PGE1) analog.DiclofenacThe mechanism of action of diclofenac, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2).Diclofenac is potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. Diclofenac concentrations reached during therapy have produced in vivo effects. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models.Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Because diclofenac is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.MisoprostolMisoprostol is synthetic PGE1 analog with gastric antisecretory and mucosal protective properties. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. deficiency of prostaglandins within the gastric and duodenal mucosa may lead to diminishing bicarbonate and mucus secretion and may contribute to the mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs.Misoprostol can increase bicarbonate and mucus production, but it has been shown at doses 200 mcg and above that are also antisecretory. It is therefore not possible to differentiate whether the ability of misoprostol to reduce the risk of gastric and duodenal ulcers is the result of its antisecretory effect, its mucosal protective effect, or both.In vitro studies on canine parietal cells using titrated misoprostol acid as the ligand have led to the identification and characterization of specific prostaglandin receptors. Receptor binding is saturable, reversible, and stereo-specific. The sites have high affinity for misoprostol, for its acid metabolite, and for other type prostaglandins, but not for or prostaglandins and other unrelated compounds, such as histamine or cimetidine. Receptor-site affinity for misoprostol correlates well with an indirect index of antisecretory activity. It is likely that these specific receptors allow misoprostol taken with food to be effective topically, despite the lower serum concentrations attained.Misoprostol, over the range of 50 mcg to 200 mcg, inhibits basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion, and acid secretion in response to variety of stimuli, including meals, histamine, pentagastrin, and coffee. Activity is apparent 30 minutes after oral administration and persists for at least hours. In general, the effects of 50 mcg were modest and shorter-lived, and only the 200 mcg dose had substantial effects on nocturnal secretion or on histamine- and meal- stimulated secretion.Misoprostol also produces moderate decrease in pepsin concentration during basal conditions, but not during histamine stimulation. It has no significant effect on fasting or postprandial gastrin nor intrinsic factor output.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.


13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. CarcinogenesisLong-term animal studies to evaluate the potential for carcinogenesis and animal studies to evaluate the effects on fertility have been performed with each component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets given alone.In 24 month rat carcinogenicity study, misoprostol administered orally at doses up to 2.4 mg/kg/day (14.4 mg/m 2/day, 24 times the MRHD of 0.6 mg/m 2/day) was not tumorigenic. In 21-month mouse carcinogenicity study, misoprostol administered orally at doses up to 16 mg/kg/day (48 mg/m 2/day), 80 times the MRHD based on body surface area, was not tumorigenic. In 24-month rat carcinogenicity study, diclofenac sodium administered orally at up to mg/kg/day (12 mg/m 2/day) was not tumorigenic. In 24-month mouse carcinogenicity study, oral diclofenac sodium at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg/day (0.9 mg/m 2/day, 0.006 times the MRHD based on body surface area) in males and mg/kg/day (3 mg/m 2/day, 0.02 times the MRHD based on body surface area) in females was not tumorigenic. MutagenesisDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol combination in 250:1 ratio was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO/HGPRT) forward mutation test, the rat lymphocyte chromosome aberration test, or the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.Impairment of FertilityThe effects of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol on male or female fertility have not been studied in animals; however, there are data with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol given alone. Misoprostol, when administered to male and female breeding rats in an oral dose range of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg/day (0.6 to 60 mg/m 2/day, to 100 times the MRHD based on body surface area) produced dose-related pre-and postimplantation losses and significant decrease in the number of live pups born at the highest dose (60 mg/m 2/day, 100 times the MRHD based on body surface area). Diclofenac sodium at oral doses up to mg/kg/day (24 mg/m 2/day, 0.16 times the MRHD based on body surface area) was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats. 13.2 Animal Toxicology. reversible increase in the number of normal surface gastric epithelial cells occurred in the dog, rat, and mouse during long-term toxicology studies with misoprostol. No such increase has been observed in humans administered misoprostol for up to year. An apparent response of the female mouse to misoprostol in long-term studies at 100 to 1000 times the human dose was hyperostosis, mainly of the medulla of sternebrae. Hyperostosis did not occur in long-term studies in the dog and rat and has not been seen in humans treated with misoprostol.

NURSING MOTHERS SECTION.


8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential. Pregnancy TestingVerify pregnancy status for females of reproductive potential within weeks prior to initiating diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets.ContraceptionFemalesDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. InfertilityFemalesBased on the mechanism of action, the use of prostaglandin-mediated NSAIDs, including diclofenac, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. Published animal studies have shown that administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors has the potential to disrupt prostaglandin-mediated follicular rupture required for ovulation. Small studies in women treated with NSAIDs have also shown reversible delay in ovulation. Consider withdrawal of NSAIDs, including diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.


10 OVERDOSAGE. The toxic dose of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets has not been determined. However, signs of overdosage from the components of the product have been described.DiclofenacSymptoms following acute NSAID overdosages have been typically limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which have been generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding has occurred. Hypertension, acute renal failure, respiratory depression, and coma have occurred, but were rare [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6)] Clinical signs that may suggest diclofenac sodium overdose include GI complaints, confusion, drowsiness, or general hypotonia.Manage patients with symptomatic and supportive care following an NSAID overdosage. There are no specific antidotes. Consider emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 grams in adults, to grams per kg of body weight in pediatric patients) and/or osmotic cathartic in symptomatic patients seen within four hours of ingestion or in patients with large overdosage (5 to 10 times the recommended dosage). Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.MisoprostolThe toxic dose of misoprostol in humans has not been determined. Cumulative total daily doses of 1600 mcg have been tolerated, with only symptoms of GI discomfort being reported. Clinical signs that may indicate an overdose are sedation, tremor, convulsions, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, palpitations, hypotension, or bradycardia.Diclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release TabletSymptoms of overdosage with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets should be treated with supportive therapy. In case of acute overdosage, gastric lavage is recommended. Induced diuresis may be beneficial because diclofenac sodium and misoprostol metabolites are excreted in the urine. The effect of dialysis or hemoperfusion on the elimination of diclofenac sodium (99% protein bound) and misoprostol acid remains unproven. The use of oral activated charcoal may help to reduce the absorption of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol.For additional information about overdosage treatment contact poison control center (1- 800-222-1222).

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.


PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. NDC 42571-133-60 Rx Only Diclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol Delayed- Release Tablets, USP 50 mg/ 200 mcg Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to each patient. 60 Tablets MICRO LABS LIMITED NDC 42571-134-60 Rx Only Diclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol Delayed- Release Tablets, USP 75 mg/ 200 mcg Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to each patient. 60Tablets MICRO LABS LIMITED diclo-labl-a. diclo-labl-b.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.


8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in pediatric patients have not been established.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.


12.3 Pharmacokinetics. General pharmacokinetic characteristicsThe pharmacokinetic profiles of diclofenac and misoprostol administered as the fixed combination (diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 50 mg/200 mcg or 75 mg/200 mcg) are similar to the profiles when the two drugs are administered as separate tablets (see Table 2). No pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs has been observed following multiple dosing. The diclofenac total exposure [area under the curve (AUC)] is dose-proportional within the range of 25 mg to 150 mg. Approximately dose-proportional increase in misoprostol exposure was also observed within the range of 200 mcg to 400 mcg. Neither diclofenac nor misoprostol accumulated in plasma following repeated doses of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets given every 12 hours under fasted conditions.Table 2: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Diclofenac and Misoprostol Acid Following Single Oral Doses of Diclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablet or Separate Products in Healthy Subjects MISOPROSTOL ACID Mean (SD)Treatment (n=36)C max (pg/mL) max (hr) AUC (0-4h) (pg.hr/mL) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 50 mg/200 mcg 441 (137) 0.30 (0.13) 266 (95) Misoprostol 478 (201) 0.30 (0.10) 295 (143) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 75 mg/200 mcg 304 (110) 0.26 (0.09) 177 (49) Misoprostol 290 (130) 0.35 (0.12) 176 (58) DICLOFENAC Mean (SD)Treatment (n=36) Cmax (ng/mL)Tmax (hr)AUC (0-12h) (ng.hr/mL) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 50 mg/200 mcg 1207 (364) 2.4 (1) 1380 (272) Diclofenac Sodium 1298 (441) 2.4 (1) 1357 (290) Diclofenac sodium and Misoprostol Delayed-Release Tablets 75 mg/ 200 mcg 2025 (2005) 2.0 (1.4) 2773 (1347) Diclofenac Sodium 2367 (1318) 1.9 (0.7) 2609 (1185) SD: Standard deviation of the mean; AUC: Area under the curve; max: Peak concentration; max: Time to peak concentration AbsorptionDiclofenac: Diclofenac is completely absorbed from the GI tract after oral administration under fasted condition, and peak plasma levels are achieved in hours (range to hours), and the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) is dose-proportional within the range of 25 mg to 150 mg. Peak plasma levels are less than dose-proportional and are approximately 1.5 and mcg/mL for 50 mg and 75 mg doses, respectively. The diclofenac in diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is in pharmaceutical formulation that resists dissolution in the low pH of gastric fluid but allows rapid release of drug in the higher pH environment of the duodenum. Only 50% of the absorbed dose is systemically available due to first pass metabolism (i.e., oral bioavailability is 50%). Misoprostol: Misoprostol is rapidly absorbed following oral administration of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, and misoprostol acid (active metabolite) reaches maximum plasma concentration in approximately 20 minutes. Maximum plasma concentrations of misoprostol acid are diminished when the dose is taken with food, and total availability of misoprostol acid is reduced by use of concomitant antacid. Clinical trials were conducted with concomitant antacid; this effect does not appear to be clinically important. Food decreases the multiple-dose bioavailability profile of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 50 mg/200 mcg and diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet 75 mg/200 mcg.DistributionDiclofenac: The volume of distribution of diclofenac is approximately 0.55 L/kg. More than 99% of diclofenac is bound to plasma albumin. Misoprostol: The plasma protein binding of misoprostol acid is less than 90% and is concentration-independent in the therapeutic range. After single oral dose of misoprostol to nursing mothers, misoprostol acid was excreted in breast milk. The maximum concentration of misoprostol acid in expressed breast milk was achieved within hour after dosing and was 7.6 pg/mL (CV 37%) and 20.9 pg/mL (CV 77%) after single 200 mcg and 600 mcg misoprostol administration, respectively. The misoprostol acid concentrations in breast milk declined to <1 pg/mL at hours post-dose. These data may not reflect drug level in mature milk and in daily dosing regimen for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.EliminationMetabolismDiclofenac: Metabolism is predominantly mediated via CYP2C9 in the liver. Five metabolites (4hydroxy-, 5-hydroxy-, 3-hydroxy-, 4,5-dihydroxy- and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy diclofenac) have been identified. The major metabolite (4-hydroxy-diclofenac) has very weak pharmacologic activity. Both diclofenac and its oxidative metabolites undergo glucuronidation or sulfation followed by biliary excretion. Acylglucuronidation mediated by UGT2B7 and oxidation mediated by CYP2C8 may also play role in diclofenac metabolism. CYP3A4 is responsible for the formation of minor metabolites, 5-hydroxy and 3-hydroxy-diclofenac.Misoprostol: Undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism to its biologically active metabolite, misoprostol acid. ExcretionDiclofenac: Diclofenac is eliminated through metabolism and subsequent urinary and biliary excretion of the glucuronide and the sulfate conjugates of the metabolites. Approximately 65% of the dose is excreted in the urine and 35% in the bile. The elimination half-life of diclofenac is approximately hours. The clearance of diclofenac is approximately 350 mL/min (equivalent to 21 L/h). Conjugates of unchanged diclofenac account for 5% to 10% of the dose excreted in the urine and for less than 5% excreted in the bile. Little or no unchanged unconjugated drug is excreted. Conjugates of the principal metabolite account for 20% to 30% of the dose excreted in the urine and for 10% to 20% of the dose excreted in the bile.Conjugates of three other metabolites together account for 10% to 20% of the dose excreted in the urine and for small amounts excreted in the bile. The elimination half-life values for these metabolites are shorter than those for the parent drug. Urinary excretion of an additional metabolite (half-life 80 hours) accounts for only 1.4% of the oral dose. The degree of accumulation of diclofenac metabolites is unknown. Some of the metabolites may have activity.Misoprostol: After oral administration of radio-labeled misoprostol, approximately 70% of detected radioactivity appears in the urine. The elimination half-life is approximately 30 minutes. Specific PopulationsAge: Geriatric PopulationA 4-week study, comparing plasma level profiles of diclofenac (50 mg two times day) in younger adults (26 to 46 years, N=10) versus elderly subjects (66 to 81 years, N=10), did not show differences between age groups. In subjects over 64 years of age, the AUC for misoprostol acid was increased.In multiple-dose crossover study of 24 elderly subjects aged 65 years or older, the misoprostol contained in diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets (two times day) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac.RacePharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been identified. Renal ImpairmentIn patients with renal impairment (N=5, creatinine clearance to 42 mL/min) following intravenous administration of 50 mg diclofenac, AUC values and elimination rates were comparable to those in healthy subjects.Pharmacokinetic studies with misoprostol in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment showed an approximate doubling of elimination half-life, max, and AUC compared to healthy subjects. Hepatic ImpairmentIn patients with biopsy-confirmed cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis (variably elevated transaminases and mildly elevated bilirubin, N=10), diclofenac concentrations and urinary elimination values following administration of 100 mg oral solution were comparable to those in healthy subjects.In study of subjects with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, mean misoprostol acid AUC and max showed approximately twice high as the mean values obtained in healthy subjects. Three subjects who had the lowest antipyrine and lowest indocyanine green clearance values had the highest misoprostol acid AUC and max values. Drug Interaction Studies DiclofenacAspirin: When diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets was administered with aspirin, the protein binding of diclofenac was reduced, although the clearance of the free diclofenac was not altered. The clinical significance of this interaction is not known. See Table for clinically significant drug interactions of NSAIDs with aspirin [see Drug Interactions (7)] Voriconazole: When single dose diclofenac (50 mg) was coadministered with the last dose of voriconazole (400 mg every 12 hours on Day 1, followed by 200 mg every 12 hours on Day 2), the mean max and AUC of diclofenac were increased by 114% and 78%, respectively, when compared to diclofenac alone [see Drug Interactions (7)] In vitro, diclofenac interferes minimally with the protein binding of prednisolone (10% decrease in binding). Benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, cephalothin, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole have no influence, in vitro, on the protein binding of diclofenac in human serum. Other drugs: In small groups of patients (7 to 10 patients/interaction study), the concomitant administration of azathioprine, gold, chloroquine, D-penicillamine, prednisolone, doxycycline or digitoxin did not significantly affect max and AUC of diclofenac. MisoprostolDiazepam: Misoprostol given for week had no effect on the steady state pharmacokinetics of diazepam when the two drugs were administered hours apart. Other drugs: Pharmacokinetic studies also showed lack of drug interaction with antipyrine or propranolol given with misoprostol.

PREGNANCY SECTION.


8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets is contraindicated in pregnant women [see Contraindications (4)]. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in pregnant women; however, there is information available about the active drug components of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol. Administration of misoprostol to pregnant women can cause abortion, premature birth, birth defects or uterine rupture. Congenital anomalies sometimes associated with fetal death have been reported subsequent to the unsuccessful use of misoprostol as an abortifacient, but the drugs teratogenic mechanism has not been demonstrated. Use of NSAIDS, including diclofenac component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment see Data). There are clinical considerations when misoprostol and diclofenac are used in pregnant women (see Clinical Considerations). In reproduction studies with pregnant rabbits, there were no skeletal or visceral malformations when the combination of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol was administered during organogenesis at doses less than the maximum recommended human doses (MRHD); however, embryotoxicity was observed at this exposure (see Data). Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as diclofenac, resulted in increased pre- and post-implantation loss. If woman becomes pregnant while taking diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, discontinue the drug and advise the woman of the potential risks to her and to fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.Clinical ConsiderationsMaternal Adverse ReactionsMisoprostol may produce uterine contractions, uterine bleeding, and expulsion of the products of conception. Misoprostol has been used to ripen the cervix, to induce labor, and to treat postpartum hemorrhage, outside of its approved indication. major adverse effect of these uses is hyperstimulation of the uterus. Uterine rupture, amniotic fluid embolism, severe bleeding, shock, and maternal death have been reported when misoprostol was administered to pregnant women to induce labor to induce abortion beyond the eight week of pregnancy. Higher doses of misoprostol, including the 100 mcg tablet, may increase the risk of complications from uterine hyperstimulation. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, which contains 200 mcg of misoprostol, is likely to have greater risk of uterine hyperstimulation than the 100 mcg tablet of misoprostol. Abortions caused by misoprostol may be incomplete.Cases of amniotic fluid embolism, which resulted in maternal and fetal death, have been reported with use of misoprostol during pregnancy. Severe vaginal bleeding, retained placenta, shock, and pelvic pain have also been reported. These women were administered misoprostol vaginally and/or orally over range of doses. If woman is or becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the drug should be discontinued and the patient apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women [see Contraindications (4)]. Fetal/Neonatal Adverse ReactionsMisoprostolMisoprostol may endanger pregnancy (may cause abortion) and thereby cause harm to the fetus when administered to pregnant woman. Use of misoprostol for the induction of labor in the third trimester was associated with uterine hyperstimulation with resulting changes in the fetal heart rate (fetal bradycardia) and fetal death. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women [see Contraindications (4)]. DiclofenacPremature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus:NSAIDs, including diclofenac, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy (see Data). Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal Impairment:Use of NSAIDs, including diclofenac, at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy has been associated with cases of fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment (see Data). Labor or DeliveryThere are no studies on the effects of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets or diclofenac during labor or delivery. In animal studies, NSAIDS, including diclofenac, are known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, cause delayed parturition, and increase the incidence of stillbirth. In humans, some case reports and studies have associated misoprostol with risk of stillbirth, uterine hyperstimulation, perineal tear, amniotic fluid embolism, severe bleeding, shock, uterine rupture and death. The risk of uterine rupture associated with misoprostol use in pregnancy may occur at any gestational age, and increases with advancing gestational ages and with prior uterine surgery, including cesarean delivery. Grand multiparity also appears to be risk factor for uterine rupture.DataHuman Data MisoprostolSeveral reports in the literature associate the use of misoprostol during the first trimester of pregnancy with skull defects, cranial nerve palsies, facial malformations, and limb defects.DiclofenacData from observational studies regarding potential embryo-fetal risks of NSAID use (including diclofenac) in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive.Premature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus:Published literature reports that the use of NSAIDs at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal Impairment:Published studies and postmarketing reports describe maternal NSAID use at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy associated with fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. These adverse outcomes are seen, on average, after days to weeks of treatment, although oligohydramnios has been infrequently reported as soon as 48 hours after NSAID initiation. In many cases, but not all, the decrease in amniotic fluid was transient and reversible with cessation of the drug. There have been limited number of case reports of maternal NSAID use and neonatal renal dysfunction without oligohydramnios, some of which were irreversible. Some cases of neonatal renal dysfunction required treatment with invasive procedures, such as exchange transfusion or dialysis.Methodological limitations of these postmarketing studies and reports include lack of control group; limited information regarding dose, duration, and timing of drug exposure; and concomitant use of other medications. These limitations preclude establishing reliable estimate of the risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes with maternal NSAID use. Because the published safety data on neonatal outcomes involved mostly preterm infants, the generalizability of certain reported risks to the full-term infant exposed to NSAIDs through maternal use is uncertain.Animal DataThe reproductive and developmental effects of both the combination of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol and each component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets alone have been studied in animals. In all studies there was no evidence of teratogenicity. In an oral teratology study in pregnant rabbits, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets was administered at dose combinations (diclofenac and misoprostol, 250:1 ratio) up to 10 mg/kg/day diclofenac sodium (120 mg/m 2/day, 0.8 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and 0.04 mg/kg/day misoprostol (0.48 mg/m 2/day, 0.8 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and there was no evidence of teratogenicity. At the high dose, there was evidence of embryotoxicity (resorption and decreased fetal body weight) and maternal toxicity (decreased food intake and weight gain). In oral teratology studies with misoprostol in pregnant rats at doses up to 1.6 mg/kg/day (9.6 mg/m 2/day, 16 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and pregnant rabbits at doses up to 1.0 mg/kg/day (12 mg/m 2/day, 20 times the MRHD based on body surface area), there was no evidence of teratogenicity. In oral teratology studies with diclofenac sodium in pregnant mice at doses up to 20 mg/kg/day (60 mg/m 2/day, 0.4 times the MRHD based on body surface area), pregnant rats at doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (60 mg/m 2/day, 0.4 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and pregnant rabbits at doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (120 mg/m 2/day, 0.8 times the MRHD based on body surface area), there was no evidence of teratogenicity.

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES SECTION.


Warnings and Precautions, Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation (5.2) 8/2021 Warnings and Precautions, Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) (5.10) 4/2021 Warnings and Precautions, Fetal Toxicity (5.11) 4/2021.

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.


5.1 Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events. Clinical trials of several cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available data, it is unclear that the risk for CV thrombotic events is similar for all NSAIDs. The relative increase in serious CV thrombotic events over baseline conferred by NSAID use appears to be similar in those with and without known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease. However, patients with known CV disease or risk factors had higher absolute incidence of excess serious CV thrombotic events, due to their increased baseline rate. Some observational studies found that this increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events began as early as the first weeks of treatment. The increase in CV thrombotic risk has been observed most consistently at higher doses.To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in NSAID-treated patients, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events, throughout the entire treatment course, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID, such as diclofenac, increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Status Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) SurgeryTwo large, controlled clinical trials of COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10 to 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG [see Contraindications (4)] Post-MI PatientsObservational studies conducted in the Danish National Registry have demonstrated that patients treated with NSAIDs in the post-MI period were at increased risk of reinfarction, CV-related death, and all-cause mortality beginning in the first week of treatment. In this same cohort, the incidence of death in the first year post-MI was 20 per 100 person years in NSAID-treated patients compared to 12 per 100 person years in non-NSAID exposed patients. Although the absolute rate of death declined somewhat after the first year post-MI, the increased relative risk of death in NSAID users persisted over at least the next four years of follow-up.Avoid the use of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet in patients with recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets are used in patients with recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.


8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. Infertility: NSAIDs are associated with reversible infertility. Consider withdrawal of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in women who have difficulties conceiving 8.3) 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets is contraindicated in pregnant women [see Contraindications (4)]. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in pregnant women; however, there is information available about the active drug components of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol. Administration of misoprostol to pregnant women can cause abortion, premature birth, birth defects or uterine rupture. Congenital anomalies sometimes associated with fetal death have been reported subsequent to the unsuccessful use of misoprostol as an abortifacient, but the drugs teratogenic mechanism has not been demonstrated. Use of NSAIDS, including diclofenac component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment see Data). There are clinical considerations when misoprostol and diclofenac are used in pregnant women (see Clinical Considerations). In reproduction studies with pregnant rabbits, there were no skeletal or visceral malformations when the combination of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol was administered during organogenesis at doses less than the maximum recommended human doses (MRHD); however, embryotoxicity was observed at this exposure (see Data). Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as diclofenac, resulted in increased pre- and post-implantation loss. If woman becomes pregnant while taking diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, discontinue the drug and advise the woman of the potential risks to her and to fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.Clinical ConsiderationsMaternal Adverse ReactionsMisoprostol may produce uterine contractions, uterine bleeding, and expulsion of the products of conception. Misoprostol has been used to ripen the cervix, to induce labor, and to treat postpartum hemorrhage, outside of its approved indication. major adverse effect of these uses is hyperstimulation of the uterus. Uterine rupture, amniotic fluid embolism, severe bleeding, shock, and maternal death have been reported when misoprostol was administered to pregnant women to induce labor to induce abortion beyond the eight week of pregnancy. Higher doses of misoprostol, including the 100 mcg tablet, may increase the risk of complications from uterine hyperstimulation. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, which contains 200 mcg of misoprostol, is likely to have greater risk of uterine hyperstimulation than the 100 mcg tablet of misoprostol. Abortions caused by misoprostol may be incomplete.Cases of amniotic fluid embolism, which resulted in maternal and fetal death, have been reported with use of misoprostol during pregnancy. Severe vaginal bleeding, retained placenta, shock, and pelvic pain have also been reported. These women were administered misoprostol vaginally and/or orally over range of doses. If woman is or becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the drug should be discontinued and the patient apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women [see Contraindications (4)]. Fetal/Neonatal Adverse ReactionsMisoprostolMisoprostol may endanger pregnancy (may cause abortion) and thereby cause harm to the fetus when administered to pregnant woman. Use of misoprostol for the induction of labor in the third trimester was associated with uterine hyperstimulation with resulting changes in the fetal heart rate (fetal bradycardia) and fetal death. Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is contraindicated in pregnant women [see Contraindications (4)]. DiclofenacPremature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus:NSAIDs, including diclofenac, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy (see Data). Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal Impairment:Use of NSAIDs, including diclofenac, at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy has been associated with cases of fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment (see Data). Labor or DeliveryThere are no studies on the effects of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets or diclofenac during labor or delivery. In animal studies, NSAIDS, including diclofenac, are known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, cause delayed parturition, and increase the incidence of stillbirth. In humans, some case reports and studies have associated misoprostol with risk of stillbirth, uterine hyperstimulation, perineal tear, amniotic fluid embolism, severe bleeding, shock, uterine rupture and death. The risk of uterine rupture associated with misoprostol use in pregnancy may occur at any gestational age, and increases with advancing gestational ages and with prior uterine surgery, including cesarean delivery. Grand multiparity also appears to be risk factor for uterine rupture.DataHuman Data MisoprostolSeveral reports in the literature associate the use of misoprostol during the first trimester of pregnancy with skull defects, cranial nerve palsies, facial malformations, and limb defects.DiclofenacData from observational studies regarding potential embryo-fetal risks of NSAID use (including diclofenac) in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive.Premature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus:Published literature reports that the use of NSAIDs at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal Impairment:Published studies and postmarketing reports describe maternal NSAID use at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy associated with fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. These adverse outcomes are seen, on average, after days to weeks of treatment, although oligohydramnios has been infrequently reported as soon as 48 hours after NSAID initiation. In many cases, but not all, the decrease in amniotic fluid was transient and reversible with cessation of the drug. There have been limited number of case reports of maternal NSAID use and neonatal renal dysfunction without oligohydramnios, some of which were irreversible. Some cases of neonatal renal dysfunction required treatment with invasive procedures, such as exchange transfusion or dialysis.Methodological limitations of these postmarketing studies and reports include lack of control group; limited information regarding dose, duration, and timing of drug exposure; and concomitant use of other medications. These limitations preclude establishing reliable estimate of the risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes with maternal NSAID use. Because the published safety data on neonatal outcomes involved mostly preterm infants, the generalizability of certain reported risks to the full-term infant exposed to NSAIDs through maternal use is uncertain.Animal DataThe reproductive and developmental effects of both the combination of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol and each component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets alone have been studied in animals. In all studies there was no evidence of teratogenicity. In an oral teratology study in pregnant rabbits, diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets was administered at dose combinations (diclofenac and misoprostol, 250:1 ratio) up to 10 mg/kg/day diclofenac sodium (120 mg/m 2/day, 0.8 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and 0.04 mg/kg/day misoprostol (0.48 mg/m 2/day, 0.8 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and there was no evidence of teratogenicity. At the high dose, there was evidence of embryotoxicity (resorption and decreased fetal body weight) and maternal toxicity (decreased food intake and weight gain). In oral teratology studies with misoprostol in pregnant rats at doses up to 1.6 mg/kg/day (9.6 mg/m 2/day, 16 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and pregnant rabbits at doses up to 1.0 mg/kg/day (12 mg/m 2/day, 20 times the MRHD based on body surface area), there was no evidence of teratogenicity. In oral teratology studies with diclofenac sodium in pregnant mice at doses up to 20 mg/kg/day (60 mg/m 2/day, 0.4 times the MRHD based on body surface area), pregnant rats at doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (60 mg/m 2/day, 0.4 times the MRHD based on body surface area) and pregnant rabbits at doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (120 mg/m 2/day, 0.8 times the MRHD based on body surface area), there was no evidence of teratogenicity. 8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryNo lactation studies have been conducted with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets; however, limited published literature reports that diclofenac and the active metabolite of misoprostol are present in breast milk [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from the diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential. Pregnancy TestingVerify pregnancy status for females of reproductive potential within weeks prior to initiating diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets.ContraceptionFemalesDiclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets. InfertilityFemalesBased on the mechanism of action, the use of prostaglandin-mediated NSAIDs, including diclofenac, component of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. Published animal studies have shown that administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors has the potential to disrupt prostaglandin-mediated follicular rupture required for ovulation. Small studies in women treated with NSAIDs have also shown reversible delay in ovulation. Consider withdrawal of NSAIDs, including diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets in pediatric patients have not been established.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. Elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for NSAID-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. If the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.14)] Of the more than 2,100 subjects in clinical studies with diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets, 25% were 65 and over, while 6% were 75 and over. In studies with diclofenac, 31% of subjects were 65 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.Diclofenac is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] Based on studies in the elderly, no adjustment of the dose of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablet is necessary in the elderly for pharmacokinetic reasons [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.14) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 ], although many elderly may need to receive reduced dose because of low body weight or disorders associated with aging.