MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. The antithrombotic activity of fondaparinux sodium is the result of antithrombin III (ATIII)-mediated selective inhibition of Factor Xa. By selectively binding to ATIII, fondaparinux sodium potentiates (about 300 times) the innate neutralization of Factor Xa by ATIII. Neutralization of Factor Xa interrupts the blood coagulation cascade and thus inhibits thrombin formation and thrombus development. Fondaparinux sodium does not inactivate thrombin (activated Factor II) and has no known effect on platelet function. At the recommended dose, fondaparinux sodium does not affect fibrinolytic activity or bleeding time.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:Spinal or epidural hematomas [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1)] Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions 5.2)] Renal impairment and bleeding risk [see Warnings and Precautions 5.3)] Body weight <50 kg and bleeding risk [see Warnings and Precautions 5.4)] Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions 5.5)] Spinal or epidural hematomas [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1)] Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions 5.2)] Renal impairment and bleeding risk [see Warnings and Precautions 5.3)] Body weight <50 kg and bleeding risk [see Warnings and Precautions 5.4)] Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions 5.5)] The most serious adverse reactions associated with the use of fondaparinux sodium are bleeding complications. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sandoz Inc. at 1-800-525-8747 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.The adverse reaction information below is based on data from 8,877 patients exposed to fondaparinux sodium in controlled trials of hip fracture, hip replacement, major knee, or abdominal surgeries, and DVT and PE treatment.HemorrhageDuring administration of fondaparinux sodium, the most common adverse reactions were bleeding complications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Hip Fracture, Hip Replacement, and Knee Replacement SurgeryThe rates of major bleeding events reported during active-controlled peri-operative VTE prophylaxis trials with enoxaparin sodium in hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery (N 3,616) and in an extended VTE prophylaxis trial (n 327) with fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg are provided in Table 2. Table 2. Bleeding Across Randomized, Controlled Hip Fracture, Hip Replacement, and Knee Replacement Surgery StudiesPeri-Operative Prophylaxis (Day to Day +- post-surgery) Extended Prophylaxis (Day to Day 28 +- post-surgery) Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily = 3,616 Enoxaparin Sodium a, bN 3,956 Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily = 327 Placebo SC once daily = 329 Major bleeding 96 (2.7%)75 (1.9%)8 (2.4%)2 (0.6%)Hip fracture18/831 (2.2%)19/842 (2.3%)8/327 (2.4%)2/329 (0.6%)Hip replacement67/2,268 (3.0%)55/2,597 (2.1%)----Knee replacement11/517 (2.1%)1/517 (0.2%)----Fatal bleeding0 (0.0%)1 (<0.1%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)Non-fatal bleeding at critical site0 (0.0%)1 (<0.1%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)Re-operation due to bleeding12 (0.3%)10 (0.3%)2 (0.6%)2 (0.6%)BI >=2 84 (2.3%)63 (1.6%)6 (1.8%)0 (0.0%)Minor bleeding 109 (3.0%)116 (2.9%)5 (1.5%)2 (0.6%)a Enoxaparin sodium dosing regimen: 30 mg every 12 hours or 40 mg once daily. Not approved for use in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Major bleeding was defined as clinically overt bleeding that was (1) fatal, (2) bleeding at critical site (e.g. intracranial, retroperitoneal, intraocular, pericardial, spinal, or into adrenal gland), (3) associated with re-operation at operative site, or (4) with bleeding index (BI) >=2. BI >=2: Overt bleeding associated only with bleeding index (BI) >=2 calculated as [number of whole blood or packed red blood cell units transfused [(pre-bleeding) (post-bleeding)] hemoglobin (g/dL) values]. Minor bleeding was defined as clinically overt bleeding that was not major. separate analysis of major bleeding across all randomized, controlled, peri-operative, prophylaxis clinical studies of hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery according to the time of the first injection of fondaparinux sodium after surgical closure was performed in patients who received fondaparinux sodium only post-operatively. In this analysis, the incidences of major bleeding were as follows: <4 hours was 4.8% (5/104), to hours was 2.3% (28/1,196), to hours was 1.9% (38/1,965). In all studies, the majority (>=75%) of the major bleeding events occurred during the first days after surgery.Abdominal SurgeryIn randomized study of patients undergoing abdominal surgery, fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg once daily (n 1,433) was compared with dalteparin 5,000 IU once daily (n 1,425). Bleeding rates are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Bleeding in the Abdominal Surgery Study Fondaparinux Sodium2.5 mg SC once daily Dalteparin Sodium 5,000 IU SC once daily = 1,433N 1,425Major bleeding 49 (3.4%)34 (2.4%)Fatal bleeding2 (0.1%)2 (0.1%)Non-fatal bleeding at critical site0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)Other non-fatal major bleeding Surgical site Non-surgical site38 (2.7%) (0.6%)26 (1.8%) (0.4%)Minor bleeding 31 (2.2%)23 (1.6%)a Major bleeding was defined as bleeding that was (1) fatal, (2) bleeding at the surgical site leading to intervention, (3) non-surgical bleeding at critical site (e.g. intracranial, retroperitoneal, intraocular, pericardial, spinal, or into adrenal gland), or leading to an intervention, and/or with bleeding index (BI) >=2. Minor bleeding was defined as clinically overt bleeding that was not major. The rates of major bleeding according to the time interval following the first fondaparinux sodium were as follows: <6 hours was 3.4% (9/263) and to hours was 2.9% (32/1112).Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary EmbolismThe rates of bleeding events reported during dose-response trial (n 111) and an active-controlled trial with enoxaparin sodium in DVT treatment (n 1,091) and an active-controlled trial with heparin in PE treatment (n 1,092) with fondaparinux sodium are provided in Table 4. Table 4. Bleeding in Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Treatment Studies Fondaparinux Sodium = 2,294 Enoxaparin Sodium = 1,101 HeparinaPTT adjusted IVN 1,092 Major bleeding 28 (1.2%)13 (1.2%)12 (1.1%)Fatal bleeding3 (0.1%)0 (0.0%)1 (0.1%)Non-fatal bleeding at critical site3 (0.1%)0 (0.0%)2 (0.2%)Intracranial bleeding3 (0.1%)0 (0.0%)1 (0.1%)Retro-peritoneal bleeding0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)1 (0.1%)Other clinically overt bleeding 22 (1.0%)13 (1.2%)10 (0.9%)Minor bleeding 70 (3.1%)33 (3.0%)57 (5.2%)a Bleeding rates are during the study drug treatment period (approximately days). Patients were also treated with vitamin antagonists initiated within 72 hours after the first study drug administration. Major bleeding was defined as clinically overt: -and/or contributing to death and/or in critical organ including intracranial, retroperitoneal, intraocular, spinal, pericardial, or adrenal gland and/or associated with fall in hemoglobin level >=2 g/dL and/or leading to transfusion >=2 units of packed red blood cells or whole blood. Clinically overt bleeding with 2 g/dL fall in hemoglobin and/or leading to transfusion of PRBC or whole blood >=2 units. Minor bleeding was defined as clinically overt bleeding that was not major. 6.2 Local Reactions Local irritation (injection site bleeding, rash, and pruritus) may occur following subcutaneous injection of fondaparinux sodium. 6.3 Elevations of Serum Aminotransferases In the peri-operative prophylaxis randomized clinical trials of +- days, asymptomatic increases in aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase levels greater than times the upper limit of normal were reported in 1.7% and 2.6% of patients, respectively, during treatment with fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg once daily versus 3.2% and 3.9% of patients, respectively, during treatment with enoxaparin sodium 30 mg every 12 hours or 40 mg once daily enoxaparin sodium. These elevations are reversible and may be associated with increases in bilirubin. In the extended prophylaxis clinical trial, no significant differences in AST and ALT levels between fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg and placebo-treated patients were observed.In the DVT and PE treatment clinical trials, asymptomatic increases in AST and ALT levels greater than times the upper limit of normal of the laboratory reference range were reported in 0.7% and 1.3% of patients, respectively, during treatment with fondaparinux sodium. In comparison, these increases were reported in 4.8% and 12.3% of patients, respectively, in the DVT treatment trial during treatment with enoxaparin sodium mg/kg every 12 hours and in 2.9% and 8.7% of patients, respectively, in the PE treatment trial during treatment with aPTT adjusted heparin.Since aminotransferase determinations are important in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction, liver disease, and pulmonary emboli, elevations that might be caused by drugs like fondaparinux sodium should be interpreted with caution.. 6.4 Other Adverse Reactions Other adverse reactions that occurred during treatment with fondaparinux sodium in clinical trials with patients undergoing hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery are provided in Table 5. Table 5. Adverse Reactions Across Randomized, Controlled, Hip Fracture Surgery, Hip Replacement Surgery, and Knee Replacement Surgery Studies Adverse ReactionsPeri-Operative Prophylaxis (Day to Day +- post-surgery) Extended Prophylaxis (Day to Day 28 +- post-surgery) Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once dailyEnoxaparin Sodium a,b Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once dailyPlacebo SC once dailyN 3,616N 3,956N 327N 329Anemia707 (19.6%)670 (16.9%)5 (1.5%)4 (1.2%)Insomnia179 (5.0%)214 (5.4%)3 (0.9%)1 (0.3%)Wound drainage increased161 (4.5%)184 (4.7%)2 (0.6%)0 (0.0%)Hypokalemia152 (4.2%)164 (4.1%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)Dizziness131 (3.6%)165 (4.2%)2 (0.6%)0 (0.0%)Purpura128 (3.5%)137 (3.5%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)Hypotension126 (3.5%)125 (3.2%)1 (0.3%)0 (0.0%)Confusion113 (3.1%)132 (3.3%)4 (1.2%)1 (0.3%)Bullous eruption 112 (3.1%)102 (2.6%)0 (0.0%)1 (0.3%)Hematoma103 (2.8%)109 (2.8%)7 (2.1%)1 (0.3%)Post-operative hemorrhage85 (2.4%)69 (1.7%)2 (0.6%)2 (0.6%)a Enoxaparin sodium dosing regimen: 30 mg every 12 hours or 40 mg once daily. Not approved for use in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Localized blister coded as bullous eruption. The most common adverse reaction in the abdominal surgery trial was post-operative wound infection (4.9%), and the most common adverse reaction in the VTE treatment trials was epistaxis (1.3%).. 6.5 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of fondaparinux sodium. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.In the postmarketing experience, epidural or spinal hematoma has been reported in association with the use of fondaparinux sodium by subcutaneous (SC) injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Occurrences of thrombocytopenia with thrombosis that manifested similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia have been reported in the postmarketing experience and cases of elevated aPTT temporally associated with bleeding events have been reported following administration of fondaparinux sodium (with or without concomitant administration of other anticoagulants) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Serious allergic reactions, including angioedema, anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions have been reported with the use of fondaparinux sodium [see Contraindications (4) ].

BOXED WARNING SECTION.

WARNING: SPINAL/EPIDURAL HEMATOMAS Epidural or spinal hematomas may occur in patients who are anticoagulated with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), heparinoids, or fondaparinux sodium and are receiving neuraxial anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture. These hematomas may result in long-term or permanent paralysis. Consider these risks when scheduling patients for spinal procedures. Factors that can increase the risk of developing epidural or spinal hematomas in these patients include:use of indwelling epidural cathetersconcomitant use of other drugs that affect hemostasis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulantsa history of traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncturea history of spinal deformity or spinal surgeryOptimal timing between the administration of fondaparinux sodium and neuraxial procedures is not known.Monitor patients frequently for signs and symptoms of neurologic impairment. If neurologic compromise is noted, urgent treatment is necessary.Consider the benefit and risks before neuraxial intervention in patients anticoagulated or to be anticoagulated for thromboprophylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1) and Drug Interactions 7)]. use of indwelling epidural catheters. concomitant use of other drugs that affect hemostasis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulants. history of traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture. history of spinal deformity or spinal surgery. Optimal timing between the administration of fondaparinux sodium and neuraxial procedures is not known.. WARNING: SPINAL/EPIDURAL HEMATOMAS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Epidural or spinal hematomas may occur in patients who are anticoagulated with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), heparinoids, or fondaparinux sodium and are receiving neuraxial anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture. These hematomas may result in long-term or permanent paralysis. Consider these risks when scheduling patients for spinal procedures. Factors that can increase the risk of developing epidural or spinal hematomas in these patients include: use of indwelling epidural catheters concomitant use of other drugs that affect hemostasis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulantsa history of traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture history of spinal deformity or spinal surgeryMonitor patients frequently for signs and symptoms of neurologic impairment. If neurologic compromise is noted, urgent treatment is necessary. Consider the benefit and risks before neuraxial intervention in patients anticoagulated or to be anticoagulated for thromboprophylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1) and Drug Interactions 7)]. use of indwelling epidural catheters concomitant use of other drugs that affect hemostasis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulants. history of traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture a history of spinal deformity or spinal surgery.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. No long-term studies in animals have been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of fondaparinux sodium. Fondaparinux sodium was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the mouse lymphoma cell (L5178Y/TK +/-) forward mutation test, the human lymphocyte chromosome aberration test, the rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test, or the rat micronucleus test. At subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area), fondaparinux sodium was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. The antithrombotic activity of fondaparinux sodium is the result of antithrombin III (ATIII)-mediated selective inhibition of Factor Xa. By selectively binding to ATIII, fondaparinux sodium potentiates (about 300 times) the innate neutralization of Factor Xa by ATIII. Neutralization of Factor Xa interrupts the blood coagulation cascade and thus inhibits thrombin formation and thrombus development. Fondaparinux sodium does not inactivate thrombin (activated Factor II) and has no known effect on platelet function. At the recommended dose, fondaparinux sodium does not affect fibrinolytic activity or bleeding time. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Anti-Xa Activity The pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux sodium are derived from fondaparinux plasma concentrations quantified via anti-Factor Xa activity. Only fondaparinux can be used to calibrate the anti-Xa assay. (The international standards of heparin or LMWH are not appropriate for this use.) As result, the activity of fondaparinux sodium is expressed as milligrams (mg) of the fondaparinux calibrator. The anti-Xa activity of the drug increases with increasing drug concentration, reaching maximum values in approximately three hours.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. AbsorptionFondaparinux sodium administered by subcutaneous injection is rapidly and completely absorbed (absolute bioavailability is 100%). Following single subcutaneous dose of fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg in young male subjects, max of 0.34 mg/L is reached in approximately hours. In patients undergoing treatment with fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg, once daily, the peak steady-state plasma concentration is, on average, 0.39 to 0.50 mg/L and is reached approximately hours post-dose. In these patients, the minimum steady-state plasma concentration is 0.14 to 0.19 mg/L. In patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism undergoing treatment with fondaparinux sodium mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (body weight 50 to 100 kg), and 10 mg (body weight >100 kg) once daily, the body-weight-adjusted doses provide similar mean steady-state peaks and minimum plasma concentrations across all body weight categories. The mean peak steady-state plasma concentration is in the range of 1.20 to 1.26 mg/L. In these patients, the mean minimum steady-state plasma concentration is in the range of 0.46 to 0.62 mg/L. DistributionIn healthy adults, intravenously or subcutaneously administered fondaparinux sodium distributes mainly in blood and only to minor extent in extravascular fluid as evidenced by steady state and non-steady state apparent volume of distribution of to 11 L. Similar fondaparinux distribution occurs in patients undergoing elective hip surgery or hip fracture surgery. In vitro, fondaparinux sodium is highly (at least 94%) and specifically bound to antithrombin III (ATIII) and does not bind significantly to other plasma proteins (including platelet Factor [PF4]) or red blood cells.Metabolism In vivo metabolism of fondaparinux has not been investigated since the majority of the administered dose is eliminated unchanged in urine in individuals with normal kidney function.EliminationIn individuals with normal kidney function, fondaparinux is eliminated in urine mainly as unchanged drug. In healthy individuals up to 75 years of age, up to 77% of single subcutaneous or intravenous fondaparinux dose is eliminated in urine as unchanged drug in 72 hours. The elimination half-life is 17 to 21 hours.. 12.4 Special Populations Renal ImpairmentFondaparinux elimination is prolonged in patients with renal impairment since the major route of elimination is urinary excretion of unchanged drug. In patients undergoing prophylaxis following elective hip surgery or hip fracture surgery, the total clearance of fondaparinux is approximately 25% lower in patients with mild renal impairment (CrCl 50 to 80 mL/min), approximately 40% lower in patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min), and approximately 55% lower in patients with severe renal impairment (<30 mL/min) compared to patients with normal renal function. similar relationship between fondaparinux clearance and extent of renal impairment was observed in DVT treatment patients [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Hepatic ImpairmentFollowing single, subcutaneous dose of 7.5 mg of fondaparinux sodium in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Category B), Cmax and AUC were decreased by 22% and 39%, respectively, compared to subjects with normal liver function. The changes from baseline in pharmacodynamic parameters, such as aPTT, PT/INR, and antithrombin III, were similar in normal subjects and in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. Based on these data, no dosage adjustment is recommended in these patients. However, higher incidence of hemorrhage was observed in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment than in normal subjects [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)]. The pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux have not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration 2.5 )]. PediatricThe pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux have not been investigated in pediatric patients [see Contraindications(4), Warnings and Precautions 5.4), and Pediatric Use 8.4) ]. GeriatricFondaparinux elimination is prolonged in patients older than 75 years. In studies evaluating fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery or elective hip surgery, the total clearance of fondaparinux was approximately 25% lower in patients older than 75 years as compared to patients younger than 65 years. similar relationship between fondaparinux clearance and age was observed in DVT treatment patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Patients Weighing Less Than 50 kgTotal clearance of fondaparinux sodium is decreased by approximately 30% in patients weighing less than 50 kg [see Dosage and Administration 2.4 and Contraindications (4)]. GenderThe pharmacokinetic properties of fondaparinux sodium are not significantly affected by gender.RacePharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been studied prospectively. However, studies performed in Asian (Japanese) healthy subjects did not reveal different pharmacokinetic profile compared to Caucasian healthy subjects. Similarly, no plasma clearance differences were observed between black and Caucasian patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. 14.1 Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Hip Fracture Surgery In randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily was compared to enoxaparin sodium 40 mg SC once daily, which is not approved for use in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. total of 1,711 patients were randomized and 1,673 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 101 years (mean age 77 years) with 25% men and 75% women. Patients were 99% Caucasian, 1% other races. Patients with multiple traumas affecting more than one organ system, serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L), or platelet count less than 100,000/mm were excluded from the trial. Fondaparinux sodium was initiated after surgery in 88% of patients (mean hours) and enoxaparin sodium was initiated after surgery in 74% of patients (mean 18 hours). For both drugs, treatment was continued for +- days. The primary efficacy endpoint, venous thromboembolism (VTE), was composite of documented deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or documented symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) reported up to Day 11. The efficacy data are provided in Table and demonstrate that under the conditions of the trial fondaparinux sodium was associated with VTE rate of 8.3% compared with VTE rate of 19.1% for enoxaparin sodium for relative risk reduction of 56% (95% CI: 39%, 70%; <0.001). Major bleeding episodes occurred in 2.2% of patients receiving fondaparinux sodium and 2.3% of enoxaparin sodium patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Table 7. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in the Peri-operative Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Hip Fracture Surgery EndpointPeri-operative Prophylaxis (Day to Day +- post-surgery) Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once dailyEnoxaparin Sodium 40 mg SC once dailyn/Na% (95% CI)n/Na% (95% CI)VTE52/6268.3% (6.3, 10.8) 119/62419.1% (16.1, 22.4)All DVT49/6247.9% (5.9, 10.2) 117/62318.8% (15.8, 22.1)Proximal DVT6/6500.9% (0.3, 2.0) 28/6464.3% (2.9, 6.2)Symptomatic PE3/8310.4% (0.1, 1.1) 3/8400.4% (0.1, 1.0)a = all evaluable hip fracture surgery patients. Evaluable patients were those who were treated and underwent the appropriate surgery (i.e., hip fracture surgery of the upper third of the femur), with an adequate efficacy assessment up to Day 11. P value versus enoxaparin sodium <0.001 P value versus enoxaparin sodium: N.S. 14.2 Extended Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Hip Fracture Surgery In noncomparative, unblinded manner, 737 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery were initially treated during the peri-operative period with fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg once daily for +- days. Eighty-one (81) of the 737 patients were not eligible for randomization into the 3-week double-blind period. Three hundred twenty-six (326) patients and 330 patients were randomized to receive fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg once daily or placebo, respectively, in or out of the hospital for 21 +- days. Patients ranged in age from 23 to 96 years (mean age 75 years) and were 29% men and 71% women. Patients were 99% Caucasian and 1% other races. Patients with multiple traumas affecting more than one organ system or serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L) were excluded from the trial. The primary efficacy endpoint, venous thromboembolism (VTE), was composite of documented deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or documented symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) reported for up to 24 days following randomization. The efficacy data are provided in Table and demonstrate that extended prophylaxis with fondaparinux sodium was associated with VTE rate of 1.4% compared with VTE rate of 35.0% for placebo for relative risk reduction of 95.9% (95% CI [98.7; 87.1], <0.0001). Major bleeding rates during the 3-week extended prophylaxis period for fondaparinux sodium occurred in 2.4% of patients receiving fondaparinux sodium and 0.6% of placebo-treated patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Table 8. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in the Extended Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Hip Fracture SurgeryEndpointExtended Prophylaxis (Day to Day 28 +- post-surgery) Fondaparinux Sodium2.5 mg SC once dailyPlacebo SC once dailyn/Na% (95% CI)n/Na (95% CI)VTE3/2081.4% (0.3, 4.2) 77/22035.0% (28.7, 41.7)All DVT3/2081.4% (0.3, 4.2) 74/21833.9% (27.7, 40.6)Proximal DVT2/2210.9% (0.1, 3.2) 35/22215.8% (11.2, 21.2)Symptomatic VTE (all)1/3260.3% (0.0, 1.7) 9/3302.7% (1.3, 5.1)Symptomatic PE0/3260.0% (0.0, 1.1) 3/3300.9% (0.2, 2.6)a = all randomized evaluable hip fracture surgery patients. Evaluable patients were those who were treated in the post-randomization period, with an adequate efficacy assessment for up to 24 days following randomization. P value versus placebo <0.001 P value versus placebo 0.021 P value versus placebo N.S. 14.3 Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Hip Replacement Surgery In randomized, double-blind, clinical trials in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery, fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily was compared to either enoxaparin sodium 30 mg SC every 12 hours (Study 1) or to enoxaparin sodium 40 mg SC once day (Study 2). In Study 1, total of 2,275 patients were randomized and 2,257 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 92 years (mean age 65 years) with 48% men and 52% women. Patients were 94% Caucasian, 4% black, <1% Asian, and 2% others. In Study 2, total of 2,309 patients were randomized and 2,273 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 24 to 97 years (mean age 65 years) with 42% men and 58% women. Patients were 99% Caucasian, and 1% other races. Patients with serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L), or platelet count less than 100,000/mm were excluded from both trials. In Study 1, fondaparinux sodium was initiated +- hours (mean 6.5 hours) after surgery in 92% of patients and enoxaparin sodium was initiated 12 to 24 hours (mean 20.25 hours) after surgery in 97% of patients. In Study 2, fondaparinux sodium was initiated +- hours (mean 6.25 hours) after surgery in 86% of patients and enoxaparin sodium was initiated 12 hours before surgery in 78% of patients. The first post-operative enoxaparin sodium dose was given within 12 hours after surgery in 60% of patients and 12 to 24 hours after surgery in 35% of patients with mean of 13 hours. For both studies, both study treatments were continued for +- days. The efficacy data are provided in Table 9. Under the conditions of Study 1, fondaparinux sodium was associated with VTE rate of 6.1% compared with VTE rate of 8.3% for enoxaparin sodium for relative risk reduction of 26% (95% CI: -11%, 53%; = NS). Under the conditions of Study 2, fondaparinux sodium was associated with VTE rate of 4.1% compared with VTE rate of 9.2% for enoxaparin sodium for relative risk reduction of 56% (95% CI: 33%, 73%; <0.001). For the studies combined, the major bleeding episodes occurred in 3.0% of patients receiving fondaparinux sodium and 2.1% of enoxaparin sodium patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Table 9. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in the Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Hip Replacement Surgery Endpoint Study n/Na% (95% CI)Study n/Na% (95% CI)Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily Enoxaparin Sodium 30 mg SC every 12 hr Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily Enoxaparin Sodium 40 mg SC once daily VTE 48/787 6.1% (4.5, 8.0) 66/797 8.3% (6.5, 10.4) 37/908 4.1% (2.9, 5.6) 85/919 9.2% (7.5, 11.3) All DVT44/784 5.6% (4.1, 7.5) 65/796 8.2% (6.4, 10.3) 36/908 4.0% (2.8, 5.4) 83/918 9.0% (7.3, 11.1) Proximal DVT14/816 1.7% (0.9, 2.9) 10/830 1.2% (0.6, 2.2) 6/922 0.7% (0.2, 1.4) 23/927 2.5% (1.6, 3.7) Symptomatic PE5/1,126 0.4% (0.1, 1.0) 1/1,128 0.1% (0.0, 0.5) 2/1,129 0.2% (0.0, 0.6) 2/1,123 0.2% (0.0, 0.6) N all evaluable hip replacement surgery patients. Evaluable patients were those who were treated and underwent the appropriate surgery (i.e., hip replacement surgery), with an adequate efficacy assessment up to Day 11. VTE was composite of documented DVT and/or documented symptomatic PE reported up to Day 11. P value versus enoxaparin sodium: N.S. P value versus enoxaparin sodium in study 1: <0.05 P value versus enoxaparin sodium in study 2: <0.001 P value versus enoxaparin sodium in study 2: <0.01 14.4 Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Knee Replacement Surgery In randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery (i.e., surgery requiring resection of the distal end of the femur or proximal end of the tibia), fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily was compared to enoxaparin sodium 30 mg SC every 12 hours. total of 1,049 patients were randomized and 1,034 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 19 to 94 years (mean age 68 years) with 41% men and 59% women. Patients were 88% Caucasian, 8% black, <1% Asian, and 3% others. Patients with serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L), or platelet count less than 100,000/mm were excluded from the trial. Fondaparinux sodium was initiated +- hours (mean 6.25 hours) after surgery in 94% of patients, and enoxaparin sodium was initiated 12 to 24 hours (mean 21 hours) after surgery in 96% of patients. For both drugs, treatment was continued for +- days. The efficacy data are provided in Table 10 and demonstrate that under the conditions of the trial, fondaparinux sodium was associated with VTE rate of 12.5% compared with VTE rate of 27.8% for enoxaparin sodium for relative risk reduction of 55% (95% CI: 36%, 70%; <0.001). Major bleeding episodes occurred in 2.1% of patients receiving fondaparinux sodium and 0.2% of enoxaparin sodium patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Table 10. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in the Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Knee Replacement SurgeryEndpointFondaparinux Sodium2.5 mg SC once dailyEnoxaparin Sodium 30 mg SC every 12 hoursn/Na% (95% CI)n/Na% (95% CI)VTE 45/36112.5% (9.2, 16.3) 101/36327.8% (23.3, 32.7)All DVT45/36112.5% (9.2, 16.3) 98/36127.1% (22.6, 32.0)Proximal DVT9/3682.4% (1.1, 4.6) 20/3725.4% (3.3, 8.2)Symptomatic PE1/5170.2% (0.0, 1.1) 4/5170.8% (0.2, 2.0)aN all evaluable knee replacement surgery patients. Evaluable patients were those who were treated and underwent the appropriate surgery (i.e., knee replacement surgery), with an adequate efficacy assessment up to Day 11. VTE was composite of documented DVT and/or documented symptomatic PE reported up to Day 11. P value versus enoxaparin sodium <0.001 P value versus enoxaparin sodium: N.S. 14.5 Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Abdominal Surgery in Patients at Risk for Thromboembolic Complications Abdominal surgery patients at risk included the following: Those undergoing surgery under general anesthesia lasting longer than 45 minutes who are older than 60 years with or without additional risk factors; and those undergoing surgery under general anesthesia lasting longer than 45 minutes who are older than 40 years with additional risk factors. Risk factors included neoplastic disease, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), or congestive heart failure.In randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg SC once daily started postoperatively was compared to dalteparin sodium 5,000 IU SC once daily, with one 2,500 IU SC preoperative injection and 2,500 IU SC first postoperative injection. total of 2,927 patients were randomized and 2,858 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 93 years (mean age 65 years) with 55% men and 45% women. Patients were 97% Caucasian, 1% black, 1% Asian, and 1% others. Patients with serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L), or platelet count less than 100,000/mm were excluded from the trial. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of study patients underwent cancer-related abdominal surgery. Study treatment was continued for +- days. The efficacy data are provided in Table 11 and demonstrate that prophylaxis with fondaparinux sodium was associated with VTE rate of 4.6% compared with VTE rate of 6.1% for dalteparin sodium P NS). Table 11. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in Prophylaxis of Thromboembolic Events Following Abdominal Surgery EndpointFondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg SC once dailyDalteparin Sodium 5,000 IU SC once dailyn/Na% (95% CI)n/Na% (95% CI)VTE 47/1,0274.6% (3.4, 6.0) 62/1,0216.1% (4.7, 7.7)All DVT43/1,0244.2% (3.1, 5.6)59/1,0185.8% (4.4, 7.4)Proximal DVT5/1,0760.5% (0.2, 1.1)5/1,0770.5% (0.2, 1.1)Symptomatic VTE6/1,4650.4% (0.2, 0.9)5/1,4620.3% (0.1, 0.8)a = all evaluable abdominal surgery patients. Evaluable patients were those who were randomized and had an adequate efficacy assessment up to Day 10; non-treated patients and patients who did not undergo surgery did not get VTE assessment. VTE was composite of venogram positive DVT, symptomatic DVT, non-fatal PE and/or fatal PE reported up to Day 10. P value versus dalteparin sodium: N.S. 14.6 Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis In randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute symptomatic DVT without PE, fondaparinux sodium mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (body weight 50 to 100 kg), or 10 mg (body weight >100 kg) SC once daily (fondaparinux sodium treatment regimen) was compared to enoxaparin sodium mg/kg SC every 12 hours. Almost all patients started study treatment in hospital. Approximately 30% of patients in both groups were discharged home from the hospital while receiving study treatment. total of 2,205 patients were randomized and 2,192 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 95 years (mean age 61 years) with 53% men and 47% women. Patients were 97% Caucasian, 2% black, and 1% other races. Patients with serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L), or platelet count less than 100,000/mm were excluded from the trial. For both groups, treatment continued for at least days with treatment duration range of +- days, and both treatment groups received vitamin antagonist therapy initiated within 72 hours after the first study drug administration and continued for 90 +- days, with regular dose adjustments to achieve an INR of to 3. The primary efficacy endpoint was confirmed, symptomatic, recurrent VTE reported up to Day 97. The efficacy data are provided in Table 12. Table 12. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (All Randomized)EndpointFondaparinux Sodium5, 7.5, or 10 mg SC once dailyN 1,098Enoxaparin Sodium1 mg/kg SC every 12 hoursN 1,107n% (95% CI)n% (95% CI)Total VTE 433.9% (2.8, 5.2)454.1% (3.0, 5.4)DVT only181.6% (1.0, 2.6)282.5% (1.7, 3.6)Non-fatal PE201.8% (1.1, 2.8)121.1% (0.6, 1.9)Fatal PE50.5% (0.1, 1.1)50.5% (0.1, 1.1)a VTE was composite of symptomatic recurrent non-fatal VTE or fatal PE reported up to Day 97. The 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference for total VTE was: (-1.8% to 1.5%). During the initial treatment period, 18 (1.6%) of patients treated with fondaparinux sodium and 10 (0.9%) of patients treated with enoxaparin sodium had VTE endpoint (95% CI for the treatment difference [fondaparinux sodium-enoxaparin sodium] for VTE rates: -0.2%; 1.7%).. 14.7 Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism In randomized, open-label, clinical trial in patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute symptomatic PE, with or without DVT, fondaparinux sodium mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (body weight 50 to 100 kg), or 10 mg (body weight >100 kg) SC once daily (fondaparinux sodium treatment regimen) was compared to heparin intravenous bolus (5,000 USP units) followed by continuous intravenous infusion adjusted to maintain 1.5 to 2.5 times aPTT control value. Patients with PE requiring thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy were excluded from the trial. All patients started study treatment in hospital. Approximately 15% of patients were discharged home from the hospital while receiving fondaparinux sodium therapy. total of 2,213 patients were randomized and 2,184 were treated. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 97 years (mean age 62 years) with 44% men and 56% women. Patients were 94% Caucasian, 5% black, and 1% other races. Patients with serum creatinine level more than mg/dL (180 micromol/L), or platelet count less than 100,000/mm were excluded from the trial. For both groups, treatment continued for at least days with treatment duration range +- days, and both treatment groups received vitamin antagonist therapy initiated within 72 hours after the first study drug administration and continued for 90 +- days, with regular dose adjustments to achieve an INR of to 3. The primary efficacy endpoint was confirmed, symptomatic, recurrent VTE reported up to Day 97. The efficacy data are provided in Table 13. Table 13. Efficacy of Fondaparinux Sodium in the Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism (All Randomized)EndpointFondaparinux Sodium5, 7.5, or 10 mg SC once daily = 1,103HeparinaPTT adjusted IVN 1,110n% (95% CI)n% (95% CI)Total VTE 423.8% (2.8, 5.1)565.0% (3.8, 6.5)DVT only121.1% (0.6, 1.9)171.5% (0.9, 2.4)Non-fatal PE141.3% (0.7, 2.1)242.2% (1.4, 3.2)Fatal PE161.5% (0.8, 2.3)151.4% (0.8, 2.2)a VTE was composite of symptomatic recurrent non-fatal VTE or fatal PE reported up to Day 97. The 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference for total VTE was: (-3.0% to 0.5%). During the initial treatment period, 12 (1.1%) of patients treated with fondaparinux sodium and 19 (1.7%) of patients treated with heparin had VTE endpoint (95% CI for the treatment difference [fondaparinux sodium-heparin] for VTE rates: -1.6%; 0.4%).

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. Fondaparinux sodium injection is contraindicated in the following conditions:Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] <30 mL/min) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. Active major bleeding.Bacterial endocarditis.Thrombocytopenia associated with positive in vitro test for anti-platelet antibody in the presence of fondaparinux sodium. Body weight <50 kg (venous thromboembolism [VTE] prophylaxis only) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. History of serious hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., angioedema, anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions) to fondaparinux sodium.. Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] <30 mL/min) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. Active major bleeding.. Bacterial endocarditis.. Thrombocytopenia associated with positive in vitro test for anti-platelet antibody in the presence of fondaparinux sodium. Body weight <50 kg (venous thromboembolism [VTE] prophylaxis only) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. History of serious hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., angioedema, anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions) to fondaparinux sodium.. Fondaparinux sodium injection is contraindicated in the following conditions: (4) Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) in prophylaxis or treatment of venous thromboembolism.Active major bleeding.Bacterial endocarditis.Thrombocytopenia associated with positive in vitro test for anti-platelet antibody in the presence of fondaparinux sodium.Body weight <50 kg (venous thromboembolism prophylaxis only).History of serious hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., angioedema, anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions) to fondaparinux sodium.. Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) in prophylaxis or treatment of venous thromboembolism.. Active major bleeding.. Bacterial endocarditis.. Thrombocytopenia associated with positive in vitro test for anti-platelet antibody in the presence of fondaparinux sodium.. Body weight <50 kg (venous thromboembolism prophylaxis only).. History of serious hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., angioedema, anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions) to fondaparinux sodium.

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11 DESCRIPTION. Fondaparinux sodium injection, USP is sterile solution containing fondaparinux sodium. It is synthetic and specific inhibitor of activated Factor (Xa). Fondaparinux sodium is methyl O-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)--D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O--D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-O-2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)--D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-2-Osulfo--L-idopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)--D-glucopyranoside, decasodium salt.The molecular formula of fondaparinux sodium is 31H 43N 3Na 10O 49S and its molecular weight is 1728. The structural formula is provided below: Fondaparinux sodium injection, USP is supplied as sterile, preservative-free injectable solution for subcutaneous use.Each single-dose, prefilled syringe of fondaparinux sodium injection, USP, affixed with an automatic needle protection system, contains 2.5 mg of fondaparinux sodium in 0.5 mL, mg of fondaparinux sodium in 0.4 mL, 7.5 mg of fondaparinux sodium in 0.6 mL, or 10 mg of fondaparinux sodium in 0.8 mL of an isotonic solution of sodium chloride, water for injection. May also contain sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid as pH adjusters. The final drug product is clear and colorless to slightly yellow liquid with pH between 5.0 and 8.0.. structural formula.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. For subcutaneous use, do not mix with other injections or infusions. 2.1) Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis: Fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg subcutaneously once daily after hemostasis has been established. The initial dose should be given no earlier than to hours after surgery and continued for to days. For patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, extended prophylaxis up to 24 additional days is recommended. 2.2, 2.3) Treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Fondaparinux sodium mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (50 to 100 kg), or 10 mg (>100 kg) subcutaneously once daily. Treatment should continue for at least days until INR to achieved with warfarin sodium.( 2.4) For subcutaneous use, do not mix with other injections or infusions. 2.1) Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis: Fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg subcutaneously once daily after hemostasis has been established. The initial dose should be given no earlier than to hours after surgery and continued for to days. For patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, extended prophylaxis up to 24 additional days is recommended. 2.2, 2.3) Treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Fondaparinux sodium mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (50 to 100 kg), or 10 mg (>100 kg) subcutaneously once daily. Treatment should continue for at least days until INR to achieved with warfarin sodium.( 2.4) 2.1 Important Dosing Information. Do not mix other medications or solutions with fondaparinux sodium injection. Administer fondaparinux sodium injection only subcutaneously. Discard unused portion.. 2.2 Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis Following Hip Fracture, Hip Replacement, and Knee Replacement Surgery In patients undergoing hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery, the recommended dose of fondaparinux sodium injection is 2.5 mg administered by subcutaneous injection once daily after hemostasis has been established. Administer the initial dose no earlier than to hours after surgery. Administration of fondaparinux sodium injection earlier than hours after surgery increases the risk of major bleeding. The usual duration of therapy is to days; up to 11 days of therapy was administered in clinical trials.In patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, an extended prophylaxis course of up to 24 additional days is recommended. In patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, total of 32 days (peri-operative and extended prophylaxis) was administered in clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14)]. 2.3 Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis Following Abdominal Surgery In patients undergoing abdominal surgery, the recommended dose of fondaparinux sodium injection is 2.5 mg administered by subcutaneous injection once daily after hemostasis has been established. Administer the initial dose no earlier than to hours after surgery. Administration of fondaparinux sodium injection earlier than hours after surgery increases the risk of major bleeding. The usual duration of administration is to days, and up to 10 days of fondaparinux sodium injection was administered in clinical trials.. 2.4 Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Treatment In patients with acute symptomatic DVT and in patients with acute symptomatic PE, the recommended dose of fondaparinux sodium injection is mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (body weight 50 to 100 kg), or 10 mg (body weight >100 kg) by subcutaneous injection once daily (fondaparinux sodium treatment regimen). Initiate concomitant treatment with warfarin sodium as soon as possible, usually within 72 hours. Continue treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection for at least days and until therapeutic oral anticoagulant effect is established (INR to 3). The usual duration of administration of fondaparinux sodium injection is to days; up to 26 days of fondaparinux sodium injection was administered in clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14)]. 2.5 Hepatic Impairment No dose adjustment is recommended in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, based upon single-dose pharmacokinetic data. Pharmacokinetic data are not available for patients with severe hepatic impairment. Patients with hepatic impairment may be particularly vulnerable to bleeding during fondaparinux sodium injection therapy. Observe these patients closely for signs and symptoms of bleeding [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. 2.6 Instructions for Use Fondaparinux sodium injection is provided in single-dose, prefilled syringe affixed with an automatic needle protection system. Fondaparinux sodium injection is administered by subcutaneous injection. It must not be administered by intramuscular injection. Fondaparinux sodium injection is intended for use under physicians guidance. Patients may self-inject only if their physician determines that it is appropriate and the patients are trained in subcutaneous injection techniques. Prior to administration, visually inspect fondaparinux sodium injection to ensure the solution is clear and free of particulate matter. The following instructions are specific to the Hypak TM SCF TM injection system and may differ from the directions for other injection systems. To avoid the loss of drug when using the prefilled syringe, do not expel the air bubble from the syringe before the injection. Administration should be made in the fatty tissue, alternating injection sites (e.g., between the left and right anterolateral or the left and right posterolateral abdominal wall). To administer fondaparinux sodium injection:1. Wipe the surface of the injection site with an alcohol swab. 2. Hold the syringe with either hand and use your other hand to pull the rigid needle shield straight off the needle Figure 1). Discard the needle shield. 3. Do not try to remove the air bubbles from the syringe before giving the injection. 4. Pinch fold of skin at the injection site between your thumb and forefinger and hold it throughout the injection. 5. Hold the syringe with your thumb on the top pad of the plunger rod and your next fingers on the finger grips on the syringe barrel. Pay attention to avoid sticking yourself with the exposed needle Figure 2). Figure 1Figure 26. Insert the full length of the syringe needle perpendicularly into the skin fold held between the thumb and forefinger (Figure 3). 7. Push the plunger to the bottom of the syringe. This will ensure you have injected all the contents of the syringe (Figure 4). Figure Figure 48. Remove the syringe from the injection site keeping your finger on the plunger. Orient the needle away from you and others, and activate the safety shield by firmly pushing the plunger Figure 5). The protective sleeve will automatically cover the needle and an audible click will be heard to confirm shield activation Figure 6). Once safety shield is activated, discard the syringe into the sharps container. Figure 5Figure 69. You will know that the syringe has worked when: The needle is pulled back into the security sleeve and the spring expands fully.You may also hear or feel soft click when the plunger rod is released fully.. The needle is pulled back into the security sleeve and the spring expands fully.. You may also hear or feel soft click when the plunger rod is released fully.. figure 1. figure 2. figure 3. figure 4. figure 5. figure 6.

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Injection: Single-dose, prefilled syringes containing either 2.5 mg, mg, 7.5 mg, or 10 mg of fondaparinux sodium.. Single-dose, prefilled syringes containing 2.5 mg, mg, 7.5 mg, or 10 mg of fondaparinux sodium. (3).

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS. In clinical studies performed with fondaparinux sodium, the concomitant use of oral anticoagulants (warfarin), platelet inhibitors (acetylsalicylic acid), NSAIDs (piroxicam), and digoxin did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of fondaparinux sodium. In addition, fondaparinux sodium neither influenced the pharmacodynamics of warfarin, acetylsalicylic acid, piroxicam, and digoxin, nor the pharmacokinetics of digoxin at steady state.Agents that may enhance the risk of hemorrhage should be discontinued prior to initiation of therapy with fondaparinux sodium unless these agents are essential. If co-administration is necessary, monitor patients closely for hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. In an in vitro study in human liver microsomes, inhibition of CYP2A6 hydroxylation of coumarin by fondaparinux (200 micromolar i.e., 350 mg/L) was 17 to 28%. Inhibition of the other isozymes evaluated (CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 3E1) was to 16%. Since fondaparinux does not markedly inhibit CYP450s (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4) in vitro, fondaparinux sodium is not expected to significantly interact with other drugs in vivo by inhibition of metabolism mediated by these isozymes. Since fondaparinux sodium does not bind significantly to plasma proteins other than ATIII, no drug interactions by protein-binding displacement are expected.. -Discontinue agents that may enhance the risk of hemorrhage prior to initiation of therapy with fondaparinux sodium unless essential. If co-administration is necessary,monitor patients closely for hemorrhage. (7).

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.5 Geriatric Use. In clinical trials the efficacy of fondaparinux sodium in the elderly (65 years or older) was similar to that seen in patients younger than 65 years; however, serious adverse events increased with age. When using fondaparinux sodium in elderly patients, paying particular attention to dosing directions and concomitant medications (especially anti-platelet medication) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Fondaparinux sodium is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to fondaparinux sodium may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, assess renal function prior to fondaparinux sodium administration [see Contraindications (4) Warnings and Precautions (5.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. In the peri-operative hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery clinical trials with patients receiving fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg, serious adverse events increased with age for patients receiving fondaparinux sodium. The incidence of major bleeding in clinical trials of fondaparinux sodium by age is provided in Table 6. Table 6. Incidence of Major Bleeding in Patients Treated With Fondaparinux Sodium by AgeAge<65 years% (n/N)65 to 74 years% (n/N)>= 75 years (n/N) Orthopedic surgery Extended prophylaxis 1.8% (23/1,253)1.9% (1/52)2.2% (24/1,111)1.4% (1/71)2.7% (33/1,277)2.9% (6/204)Abdominal surgery3.0% (19/644)3.2% (16/507)5.0% (14/282)DVT and PE treatment0.6% (7/1,151)1.6% (9/560)2.1% (12/583)a Includes hip fracture, hip replacement, and knee replacement surgery prophylaxis.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. Fondaparinux sodium injection, USP is available in the following strengths and package sizes:2.5 mg fondaparinux sodium injection, USP in 0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringe, affixed with 27-gauge 1/2 -inch needle and an automatic needle protection system with white plunger rod.NDC 0781-3443-12 Single Unit Syringes NDC 0781-3443-95 10 Single Unit Syringes mg fondaparinux sodium injection, USP in 0.4 mL single-dose prefilled syringe, affixed with 27-gauge 1/2 -inch needle and an automatic needle protection system with white plunger rod.NDC 0781-3454-12 Single Unit Syringes NDC 0781-3454-95 10 Single Unit Syringes 7.5 mg fondaparinux sodium injection, USP in 0.6 mL single-dose prefilled syringe, affixed with 27-gauge 1/2 -inch needle and an automatic needle protection system with white plunger rod.NDC 0781-3465-12 Single Unit Syringes NDC 0781-3465-95 10 Single Unit Syringes 10 mg fondaparinux sodium injection, USP in 0.8 mL single-dose prefilled syringe, affixed with 27-gauge 1/2 -inch needle and an automatic needle protection system with white plunger rod.NDC 0781-3476-12 Single Unit Syringes NDC 0781-3476-95 10 Single Unit Syringes Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F); excursions permitted between 15 to 30C (59 to 86F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].Discard unused portion.PHARMACIST: Dispense Patient Information Leaflet with each prescription.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Fondaparinux sodium injection is Factor Xa inhibitor (anticoagulant) indicated for: Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery (including extended prophylaxis), hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, or abdominal surgery. (1.1) Treatment of DVT or acute pulmonary embolism (PE) when administered in conjunction with warfarin. 1.2, 1.3) Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery (including extended prophylaxis), hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, or abdominal surgery. (1.1) Treatment of DVT or acute pulmonary embolism (PE) when administered in conjunction with warfarin. 1.2, 1.3) 1.1 Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE): in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, including extended prophylaxis; in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery; in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery; in patients undergoing abdominal surgery who are at risk for thromboembolic complications. in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, including extended prophylaxis; in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery; in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery; in patients undergoing abdominal surgery who are at risk for thromboembolic complications. 1.2 Treatment of Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis when administered in conjunction with warfarin sodium. 1.3 Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism when administered in conjunction with warfarin sodium when initial therapy is administered in the hospital.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. See FDA-Approved Patient Labeling (17.2). 17.1 Patient Advice If the patients have had neuraxial anesthesia or spinal puncture, and particularly, if they are taking concomitant NSAIDS, platelet inhibitors, or other anticoagulants, they should be informed to watch for signs and symptoms of spinal or epidural hematomas, such as back pain, tingling, numbness (especially in the lower limbs), muscular weakness, and stool or urine incontinence. If any of these symptoms occur, the patients should contact his or her physician immediately.The use of aspirin and other NSAIDS may enhance the risk of hemorrhage. Their use should be discontinued prior to fondaparinux sodium injection therapy whenever possible; if co-administration is essential, the patients clinical and laboratory status should be closely monitored [see Drug Interactions (7)]. If patients must self-administer fondaparinux sodium injection (e.g., if fondaparinux sodium injection is used at home), they should be advised of the following:Fondaparinux sodium injection should be given by subcutaneous injection. Patients must be instructed in the proper technique for administrationThe most important risk with fondaparinux sodium injection administration is bleeding. Patients should be counseled on signs and symptoms of possible bleeding.It may take them longer than usual to stop bleeding.They may bruise and/or bleed more easily when they are treated with fondaparinux sodium injection. They should report any unusual bleeding, bruising, or signs of thrombocytopenia (such as rash of dark red spots under the skin) to their physician [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 5.5)]. To tell their physicians and dentists they are taking fondaparinux sodium injection and/or any other product known to affect bleeding before any surgery is scheduled and before any new drug is taken [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. To tell their physicians and dentists of all medications they are taking, including those obtained without prescription, such as aspirin or other NSAIDs [see Drug Interactions (7) ]. Keep out of the reach of children. Fondaparinux sodium injection should be given by subcutaneous injection. Patients must be instructed in the proper technique for administration. The most important risk with fondaparinux sodium injection administration is bleeding. Patients should be counseled on signs and symptoms of possible bleeding.. It may take them longer than usual to stop bleeding.. They may bruise and/or bleed more easily when they are treated with fondaparinux sodium injection. They should report any unusual bleeding, bruising, or signs of thrombocytopenia (such as rash of dark red spots under the skin) to their physician [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 5.5)]. To tell their physicians and dentists they are taking fondaparinux sodium injection and/or any other product known to affect bleeding before any surgery is scheduled and before any new drug is taken [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. To tell their physicians and dentists of all medications they are taking, including those obtained without prescription, such as aspirin or other NSAIDs [see Drug Interactions (7) ]. 17.2 FDA-Approved Patient Labeling Patient labeling is provided as tear-off leaflet at the end of this full prescribing information.Manufactured by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, China forSandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540.

LACTATION SECTION.

8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryThere are no data on the presence of fondaparinux sodium in human milk, or the effects on milk production. Limited clinical data during lactation preclude clear determination of the risk of fondaparinux sodium to an infant during lactation; therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for fondaparinux sodium and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from fondaparinux sodium or from the underlying maternal condition.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. No long-term studies in animals have been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of fondaparinux sodium. Fondaparinux sodium was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the mouse lymphoma cell (L5178Y/TK +/-) forward mutation test, the human lymphocyte chromosome aberration test, the rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test, or the rat micronucleus test. At subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area), fondaparinux sodium was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

10 OVERDOSAGE. There is no known antidote for fondaparinux sodium. Overdose of fondaparinux sodium may lead to hemorrhagic complications. Discontinue treatment and initiate appropriate therapy if bleeding complications associated with overdosage occur. Data obtained in patients undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis suggest that clearance of fondaparinux sodium can increase by 20% during hemodialysis.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

2.5 mg/0.5 mL 2-pack carton label NDC 0781-3443-12 10-pack carton label NDC 0781-3443-95 2.5 mg 2pack. 2.5 mg 10pack.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness of fondaparinux sodium in pediatric patients have not been established. Because risk for bleeding during treatment with fondaparinux sodium is increased in adults who weigh <50 kg, bleeding may be particular safety concern for use of fondaparinux sodium in the pediatric population [see Warnings and Precautions 5.4) ].

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Anti-Xa Activity The pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux sodium are derived from fondaparinux plasma concentrations quantified via anti-Factor Xa activity. Only fondaparinux can be used to calibrate the anti-Xa assay. (The international standards of heparin or LMWH are not appropriate for this use.) As result, the activity of fondaparinux sodium is expressed as milligrams (mg) of the fondaparinux calibrator. The anti-Xa activity of the drug increases with increasing drug concentration, reaching maximum values in approximately three hours.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. AbsorptionFondaparinux sodium administered by subcutaneous injection is rapidly and completely absorbed (absolute bioavailability is 100%). Following single subcutaneous dose of fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg in young male subjects, max of 0.34 mg/L is reached in approximately hours. In patients undergoing treatment with fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg, once daily, the peak steady-state plasma concentration is, on average, 0.39 to 0.50 mg/L and is reached approximately hours post-dose. In these patients, the minimum steady-state plasma concentration is 0.14 to 0.19 mg/L. In patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism undergoing treatment with fondaparinux sodium mg (body weight <50 kg), 7.5 mg (body weight 50 to 100 kg), and 10 mg (body weight >100 kg) once daily, the body-weight-adjusted doses provide similar mean steady-state peaks and minimum plasma concentrations across all body weight categories. The mean peak steady-state plasma concentration is in the range of 1.20 to 1.26 mg/L. In these patients, the mean minimum steady-state plasma concentration is in the range of 0.46 to 0.62 mg/L. DistributionIn healthy adults, intravenously or subcutaneously administered fondaparinux sodium distributes mainly in blood and only to minor extent in extravascular fluid as evidenced by steady state and non-steady state apparent volume of distribution of to 11 L. Similar fondaparinux distribution occurs in patients undergoing elective hip surgery or hip fracture surgery. In vitro, fondaparinux sodium is highly (at least 94%) and specifically bound to antithrombin III (ATIII) and does not bind significantly to other plasma proteins (including platelet Factor [PF4]) or red blood cells.Metabolism In vivo metabolism of fondaparinux has not been investigated since the majority of the administered dose is eliminated unchanged in urine in individuals with normal kidney function.EliminationIn individuals with normal kidney function, fondaparinux is eliminated in urine mainly as unchanged drug. In healthy individuals up to 75 years of age, up to 77% of single subcutaneous or intravenous fondaparinux dose is eliminated in urine as unchanged drug in 72 hours. The elimination half-life is 17 to 21 hours.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryAvailable data from published literature and postmarketing reports have not reported clear association with fondaparinux sodium and adverse developmental outcomes. Fondaparinux sodium plasma concentrations obtained from four women treated with fondaparinux sodium during pregnancy and their newborn infants demonstrated low placental transfer of fondaparinux sodium (see Data). There are risks to the mother associated with untreated venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and risk of hemorrhage in the mother and fetus associated with use of anticoagulants (see Clinical Considerations). In animal reproduction studies, there was no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes when fondaparinux sodium was administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses 32 and 65 times, respectively, the recommended human dose based on body surface area.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.Clinical ConsiderationsDisease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal riskPregnancy confers an increased risk for thromboembolism that is higher for women with underlying thromboembolic disease and certain high-risk pregnancy conditions. Published data describe that women with previous history of venous thrombosis are at high risk for recurrence during pregnancy.Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactionsFondaparinux sodium has been demonstrated to cross the placenta in humans (see Data). Use of anticoagulants, including fondaparinux sodium, may increase the risk of bleeding in the fetus and neonate. Monitor neonates for bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions 5.2, 5.4, 5.6)]. Labor or deliveryAll patients receiving anticoagulants, including pregnant women, are at risk for bleeding. Fondaparinux sodium use during labor or delivery in women who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia may result in epidural or spinal hematomas. Pregnant women receiving fondaparinux sodium should be carefully monitored for evidence of bleeding or unexpected changes in coagulation parameters. Consideration for use of shorter acting anticoagulant should be specifically addressed as delivery approaches [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1, 5.6)]. DataHuman DataIn study of five pregnant women treated with fondaparinux sodium during the third trimester of pregnancy at dose of 2.5 mg/day, four of the women had elevated anti-factor Xa activity noted in the cord blood. Anti-factor Xa clotting times in these four cases were between 37.5 and 50.9 seconds. The patient who did not have elevated anti-factor Xa activity had received only one dose of fondaparinux sodium 22 hours prior to delivery. The concentration of fondaparinux sodium in umbilical cord plasma was approximately 1/10 th the level of fondaparinux sodium in maternal plasma. None of the infants experienced adverse effects. Animal DataEmbryo-fetal development studies have been conducted with fondaparinux sodium in pregnant rats at subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) administered from days to 17 of gestation and pregnant rabbits at subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 65 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) administered from days to 18 of gestation. These studies have revealed no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes when fondaparinux sodium was administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis. Additionally, there were no effects on pre and postnatal development in study conducted in rats at subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area).

SPL PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT SECTION.

PATIENT INFORMATIONFondaparinux (fon-da-PEH-rih-nux) sodium injectionfor subcutaneous use. What is the most important information should know about fondaparinux sodium injectionFondaparinux sodium injection may cause serious side effects, including:Spinal or epidural blood clots (hematoma).People who take blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) like fondaparinux sodium injection, and have medicine injected into their spinal and epidural area, or have spinal puncture have risk of forming blood clot that can cause long-term or permanent loss of the ability to move (paralysis). Your risk of developing spinal or epidural blood clot is higher if: thin tube called an epidural catheter is placed in your back to give you certain medicineyou take NSAIDs or medicine to prevent blood from clottingyou have history of difficult or repeated epidural or spinal puncturesyou have history of problems with your spine or have had surgery on your spineIf you take fondaparinux sodium injection and receive spinal anesthesia or have spinal puncture, your doctor should watch you closely for symptoms of spinal or epidural blood clots. Tell your doctor right away if you have back pain, tingling, numbness, muscle weakness (especially in your legs and feet), loss of control of the bowels or bladder (incontinence).Because the risk of bleeding may be higher, tell your doctor before taking fondaparinux sodium injection if you:are also taking certain other medicines that affect blood clotting such as aspirin, an NSAID (for example, ibuprofen or naproxen), clopidogrel, or warfarin sodiumhave bleeding problemshad problems in the past with pain medication given through the spinehave had surgery to your spinehave spinal deformity. Spinal or epidural blood clots (hematoma).People who take blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) like fondaparinux sodium injection, and have medicine injected into their spinal and epidural area, or have spinal puncture have risk of forming blood clot that can cause long-term or permanent loss of the ability to move (paralysis). Your risk of developing spinal or epidural blood clot is higher if: a thin tube called an epidural catheter is placed in your back to give you certain medicine. you take NSAIDs or medicine to prevent blood from clotting. you have history of difficult or repeated epidural or spinal punctures. you have history of problems with your spine or have had surgery on your spine. are also taking certain other medicines that affect blood clotting such as aspirin, an NSAID (for example, ibuprofen or naproxen), clopidogrel, or warfarin sodium. have bleeding problems. had problems in the past with pain medication given through the spine. have had surgery to your spine. have spinal deformity. What is fondaparinux sodiuminjection Fondaparinux sodium injection is prescription medicine that is used to:help prevent blood clots from forming in people who have had certain surgeries of the hip, knee, or the stomach area (abdominal surgery)treat people who have blood clots in their legs or blood clots that travel to their lungs, along with the blood thinner medicine warfarin.It is not known if fondaparinux sodium injection is safe and effective for use in children younger than 18 years of age.. help prevent blood clots from forming in people who have had certain surgeries of the hip, knee, or the stomach area (abdominal surgery). treat people who have blood clots in their legs or blood clots that travel to their lungs, along with the blood thinner medicine warfarin.. Who should not take fondaparinux sodiuminjection Do not take fondaparinux sodium injection if you:have certain kidney problemshave active bleeding problemshave an infection in your hearthave low platelet counts and if you test positive for certain antibody while you are taking fondaparinux sodium injectionweigh less than 110 pounds (50 kg) to prevent blood clots from surgery. See, What are the possible side effects of fondaparinux sodium injection had serious allergic reaction to fondaparinux sodium injection. have certain kidney problems. have active bleeding problems. have an infection in your heart. have low platelet counts and if you test positive for certain antibody while you are taking fondaparinux sodium injection. weigh less than 110 pounds (50 kg) to prevent blood clots from surgery. See, What are the possible side effects of fondaparinux sodium injection had serious allergic reaction to fondaparinux sodium injection. What should tell my doctor before taking fondaparinux sodiuminjection Before taking fondaparinux sodium injection, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have had any bleeding problems (such as stomach ulcers)have had strokehave had recent surgeries, including eye surgeryhave diabetic eye diseasehave kidney or liver problemshave uncontrolled high blood pressureare pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Fondaparinux sodium may harm your unborn baby. If you are pregnant, talk to your doctor about the best way for you to prevent or treat blood clots.are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if fondaparinux sodium passes into breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will breastfeed during treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection.Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take including prescriptions and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medicines can increase your risk of bleeding. See What is the most important information should know about fondaparinux sodium injection Do not start taking any new medicines without first talking to your doctor. Tell all your doctors and dentist that you take fondaparinux sodium injection, especially if you need to have any kind of surgery or dental procedure. Keep list of your medicines and show it to all your doctors and pharmacist before you start new medicine.. have had any bleeding problems (such as stomach ulcers). have had stroke. have had recent surgeries, including eye surgery. have diabetic eye disease. have kidney or liver problems. have uncontrolled high blood pressure. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Fondaparinux sodium may harm your unborn baby. If you are pregnant, talk to your doctor about the best way for you to prevent or treat blood clots.. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if fondaparinux sodium passes into breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will breastfeed during treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection.. How should take fondaparinux sodiuminjectionSee the detailed Instructions for Use that comes with fondaparinux sodium injection for information about how to give an fondaparinux sodium injection.If your doctor tells you that you may give yourself injections of fondaparinux sodium injection at home, you will be shown how to give the injections first before you do them on your own.Take fondaparinux sodium injection exactly as your doctor tells you to.Fondaparinux sodium injection is given by injection under the skin (subcutaneous injection).If you miss dose of fondaparinux sodium injection, take your dose as soon as you remember. Do not take doses at the same time.If you take too much fondaparinux sodium injection, call your doctor right away.. See the detailed Instructions for Use that comes with fondaparinux sodium injection for information about how to give an fondaparinux sodium injection.. If your doctor tells you that you may give yourself injections of fondaparinux sodium injection at home, you will be shown how to give the injections first before you do them on your own.. Take fondaparinux sodium injection exactly as your doctor tells you to.. Fondaparinux sodium injection is given by injection under the skin (subcutaneous injection).. If you miss dose of fondaparinux sodium injection, take your dose as soon as you remember. Do not take doses at the same time.. If you take too much fondaparinux sodium injection, call your doctor right away.. What are possible side effects of fondaparinux sodium injectionFondaparinux sodium injection can cause serious side effects. See What is the most important information should know about fondaparinux sodium injection Severebleeding. Certain conditions can increase your risk for severe bleeding, including: some bleeding problemssome gastrointestinal problems including ulcerssome types of strokesuncontrolled high blood pressurediabetic eye diseasesoon after brain, spine, or eye surgeryCertain kidney problems can also increase your risk of bleeding with fondaparinux sodium injection. Your doctor may check your kidney function during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection. Increased bleeding risk in people undergoing certain surgeries who weigh less than 110 pounds (50 kg).Low blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). Low blood platelets can happen when you take fondaparinux sodium injection. Platelets are blood cells that help your blood to clot normally. Your doctor may check your platelet counts during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection. You may bruise or bleed more easily during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection, and it may take longer than usual for bleeding to stop. Tell your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of bleeding, bruising or rash of dark red spots under the skin during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection. Tell your doctor if you have any bleeding, bruising, or rash of dark spots under the skin (thrombocytopenia).The most common side effects of fondaparinux sodium injection include:bleeding problemsbleeding, rash, and itching at the injection site (injection site reactions)sleep problems (insomnia)low red blood cell count (anemia)increased wound drainagelow potassium in your blood (hypokalemia)dizzinesspurplish spots on skin (purpura)low blood pressure (hypotension)confusionfluid-filled blisters (bullous eruption)blood clots (hematoma)severe bleeding after surgery (post-operative hemorrhage)These are not all the possible side effects of fondaparinux sodium injection. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.. Severebleeding. Certain conditions can increase your risk for severe bleeding, including: some bleeding problems. some gastrointestinal problems including ulcers. some types of strokes. uncontrolled high blood pressure. diabetic eye disease. soon after brain, spine, or eye surgery. Certain kidney problems can also increase your risk of bleeding with fondaparinux sodium injection. Your doctor may check your kidney function during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection. Increased bleeding risk in people undergoing certain surgeries who weigh less than 110 pounds (50 kg).. Low blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). Low blood platelets can happen when you take fondaparinux sodium injection. Platelets are blood cells that help your blood to clot normally. Your doctor may check your platelet counts during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection. You may bruise or bleed more easily during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection, and it may take longer than usual for bleeding to stop. Tell your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of bleeding, bruising or rash of dark red spots under the skin during your treatment with fondaparinux sodium injection. bleeding problems. bleeding, rash, and itching at the injection site (injection site reactions). sleep problems (insomnia). low red blood cell count (anemia). increased wound drainage. low potassium in your blood (hypokalemia). dizziness. purplish spots on skin (purpura). low blood pressure (hypotension). confusion. fluid-filled blisters (bullous eruption). blood clots (hematoma). severe bleeding after surgery (post-operative hemorrhage). How should store fondaparinux sodium injection Store fondaparinux sodium injection at 68 to 77F (20 to 25C). Safely throw away fondaparinux sodium injection that is out of date or no longer needed.Keep fondaparinux sodium injection and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of fondaparinux sodium injectionMedicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in Patient Information leaflets. Do not use fondaparinux sodium injection for condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give fondaparinux sodium injection to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them.You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about fondaparinux sodium injection that is written for healthcare professionals.. What are the ingredients in fondaparinux sodium injectionActive Ingredient: fondaparinux sodiumInactive Ingredients: sodium chloride and water for injection. May also contain sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid as pH adjusters.For more information about fondaparinux sodium injection, contact Sandoz Inc. at 1-800-525-8747.This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Revised: 08/2021. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USEFondaparinux (fon-da-PEH-rih-nux) sodium injectionfor subcutaneous useBe sure that you read, understand, and follow the step-by-step Instructions for Use, before you try to give yourself an injection of fondaparinux sodium for the first time and each time you get new prescription. There may be new information. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions. Do not use fondaparinux sodium injection if: the solution appears discolored (the solution should normally appear clear)you see any particles in the solutionthe syringe is damagedHow should give an injection of fondaparinux sodium injection Fondaparinux sodium injection is injected into skin fold of the lower stomach area (abdomen). Do not inject fondaparinux sodium injection into muscle. Usually doctor or nurse will give this injection to you. In some cases you may be taught how to do this yourself. The following instructions are specific to the Hypak TM SCF TM injection system and may differ from the directions for other injection systems. Instructions for self-administrationThe different parts of fondaparinux sodium injection safety syringe are: 1. Rigid needle shield 2. Plunger 3. Finger-grip 4. Security sleeve Syringe BEFORE USE Syringe AFTER USE1. Wash your hands well with soap and water, rinse and towel dry. 2. Sit or lie down in comfortable position. Choose spot on the lower stomach area (abdomen), at least inches below your belly button Figure A). Change (alternate) between using the left and right side of the lower abdomen for each injection. If you have any questions talk to your nurse or doctor. Figure A. 3. Clean the injection area with an alcohol swab. 4. Remove the needle shield, by pulling it in straight line away from the body of the syringe Figure B). Discard (throw away) the needle shield. Do not touch the needle or let it come in contact with any surface before the injection. small air bubble in the syringe is normal. To be sure that you do not lose any medicine from the syringe, do not try to remove air bubbles from the syringe before giving the injection.Figure B. 5. Gently pinch the skin that has been cleaned to make fold. Hold the fold between the thumb and the forefinger of one hand during the entire injection Figure C). Figure C.6. Hold the syringe firmly in your other hand using the finger grip. Insert the full length of the needle directly up and down (at an angle of 90) into the skin fold Figure D). Figure D.7. Inject all of the medicine in the syringe by pressing down on the plunger as far as it goes. This will ensure you have injected all the contents of the syringe Figure E). Figure E.8. Remove the syringe from the injection site keeping your finger on the plunger. Orient the needle away from you and others, and activate the safety shield by firmly pushing the plunger. The protective sleeve will automatically cover the needle and you will hear click when safety shield is activated Figure and Figure G). Throw away the used fondaparinux sodium injection syringe. See Disposing of used fondaparinux sodium injection needles and syringes below. Figure F.Figure G.Disposing of used fondaparinux sodium injection needles and syringes:Put your used fondaparinux sodium injection needles and syringes in FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use. Do not throw away (dispose of) loose needles and syringes in your household trash. If you do not have FDA-cleared sharps disposal container, you may use household container that is:made of heavy-duty plastic,can be closed with tight-fitting, puncture- resistant lid, without sharps being able to come out,upright and stable during use,leak- resistant, andproperly labeled to warn of hazardous waste inside the container.When your sharps disposal container is almost full, you will need to follow your community guidelines for the right way to dispose of your sharps disposal container. There may be state or local laws about how you should throw away used needles and syringes. For more information about safe sharps disposal, and for specific information about sharps disposal in the state that you live in, go to the FDAs website at: http://www.fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.Do not dispose of your used sharps disposal container in your household trash unless your community guidelines permit this. Do not recycle your used sharps disposal container.This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationRevised: 08/2021Manufactured by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, China forSandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ 0854009UF09. the solution appears discolored (the solution should normally appear clear). you see any particles in the solution. the syringe is damaged. Do not touch the needle or let it come in contact with any surface before the injection. small air bubble in the syringe is normal. To be sure that you do not lose any medicine from the syringe, do not try to remove air bubbles from the syringe before giving the injection.. Put your used fondaparinux sodium injection needles and syringes in FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use. Do not throw away (dispose of) loose needles and syringes in your household trash. If you do not have FDA-cleared sharps disposal container, you may use household container that is:. made of heavy-duty plastic,. can be closed with tight-fitting, puncture- resistant lid, without sharps being able to come out,. upright and stable during use,. leak- resistant, and. properly labeled to warn of hazardous waste inside the container.. When your sharps disposal container is almost full, you will need to follow your community guidelines for the right way to dispose of your sharps disposal container. There may be state or local laws about how you should throw away used needles and syringes. For more information about safe sharps disposal, and for specific information about sharps disposal in the state that you live in, go to the FDAs website at: http://www.fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.. Do not dispose of your used sharps disposal container in your household trash unless your community guidelines permit this. Do not recycle your used sharps disposal container.. syringe. syringe before use. syringe after use. figure a. figure b. figure c. figure d. figure e. figure f. figure g.

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.

1.1 Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE): in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, including extended prophylaxis; in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery; in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery; in patients undergoing abdominal surgery who are at risk for thromboembolic complications. in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, including extended prophylaxis; in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery; in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery; in patients undergoing abdominal surgery who are at risk for thromboembolic complications.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. Safety and effectiveness of fondaparinux sodium in pediatric patients have not been established. Because the risk for bleeding during treatment with fondaparinux sodium is increased in adults who weigh <50 kg, bleeding may be particular safety concern for use of fondaparinux sodium in the pediatric population. 4, 5.4) Because elderly patients are more likely to have reduced renal function, fondaparinux sodium should be used with caution in these patients. (8.5) The risk of bleeding is increased with reduced renal or hepatic function. 8.6, 8.7) Safety and effectiveness of fondaparinux sodium in pediatric patients have not been established. Because the risk for bleeding during treatment with fondaparinux sodium is increased in adults who weigh <50 kg, bleeding may be particular safety concern for use of fondaparinux sodium in the pediatric population. 4, 5.4) Because elderly patients are more likely to have reduced renal function, fondaparinux sodium should be used with caution in these patients. (8.5) The risk of bleeding is increased with reduced renal or hepatic function. 8.6, 8.7) 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryAvailable data from published literature and postmarketing reports have not reported clear association with fondaparinux sodium and adverse developmental outcomes. Fondaparinux sodium plasma concentrations obtained from four women treated with fondaparinux sodium during pregnancy and their newborn infants demonstrated low placental transfer of fondaparinux sodium (see Data). There are risks to the mother associated with untreated venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and risk of hemorrhage in the mother and fetus associated with use of anticoagulants (see Clinical Considerations). In animal reproduction studies, there was no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes when fondaparinux sodium was administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses 32 and 65 times, respectively, the recommended human dose based on body surface area.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.Clinical ConsiderationsDisease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal riskPregnancy confers an increased risk for thromboembolism that is higher for women with underlying thromboembolic disease and certain high-risk pregnancy conditions. Published data describe that women with previous history of venous thrombosis are at high risk for recurrence during pregnancy.Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactionsFondaparinux sodium has been demonstrated to cross the placenta in humans (see Data). Use of anticoagulants, including fondaparinux sodium, may increase the risk of bleeding in the fetus and neonate. Monitor neonates for bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions 5.2, 5.4, 5.6)]. Labor or deliveryAll patients receiving anticoagulants, including pregnant women, are at risk for bleeding. Fondaparinux sodium use during labor or delivery in women who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia may result in epidural or spinal hematomas. Pregnant women receiving fondaparinux sodium should be carefully monitored for evidence of bleeding or unexpected changes in coagulation parameters. Consideration for use of shorter acting anticoagulant should be specifically addressed as delivery approaches [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1, 5.6)]. DataHuman DataIn study of five pregnant women treated with fondaparinux sodium during the third trimester of pregnancy at dose of 2.5 mg/day, four of the women had elevated anti-factor Xa activity noted in the cord blood. Anti-factor Xa clotting times in these four cases were between 37.5 and 50.9 seconds. The patient who did not have elevated anti-factor Xa activity had received only one dose of fondaparinux sodium 22 hours prior to delivery. The concentration of fondaparinux sodium in umbilical cord plasma was approximately 1/10 th the level of fondaparinux sodium in maternal plasma. None of the infants experienced adverse effects. Animal DataEmbryo-fetal development studies have been conducted with fondaparinux sodium in pregnant rats at subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) administered from days to 17 of gestation and pregnant rabbits at subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 65 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) administered from days to 18 of gestation. These studies have revealed no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes when fondaparinux sodium was administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis. Additionally, there were no effects on pre and postnatal development in study conducted in rats at subcutaneous doses up to 10 mg/kg/day (about 32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area).. 8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryThere are no data on the presence of fondaparinux sodium in human milk, or the effects on milk production. Limited clinical data during lactation preclude clear determination of the risk of fondaparinux sodium to an infant during lactation; therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for fondaparinux sodium and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from fondaparinux sodium or from the underlying maternal condition.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness of fondaparinux sodium in pediatric patients have not been established. Because risk for bleeding during treatment with fondaparinux sodium is increased in adults who weigh <50 kg, bleeding may be particular safety concern for use of fondaparinux sodium in the pediatric population [see Warnings and Precautions 5.4) ]. 8.5 Geriatric Use. In clinical trials the efficacy of fondaparinux sodium in the elderly (65 years or older) was similar to that seen in patients younger than 65 years; however, serious adverse events increased with age. When using fondaparinux sodium in elderly patients, paying particular attention to dosing directions and concomitant medications (especially anti-platelet medication) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Fondaparinux sodium is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to fondaparinux sodium may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, assess renal function prior to fondaparinux sodium administration [see Contraindications (4) Warnings and Precautions (5.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. In the peri-operative hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery clinical trials with patients receiving fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg, serious adverse events increased with age for patients receiving fondaparinux sodium. The incidence of major bleeding in clinical trials of fondaparinux sodium by age is provided in Table 6. Table 6. Incidence of Major Bleeding in Patients Treated With Fondaparinux Sodium by AgeAge<65 years% (n/N)65 to 74 years% (n/N)>= 75 years (n/N) Orthopedic surgery Extended prophylaxis 1.8% (23/1,253)1.9% (1/52)2.2% (24/1,111)1.4% (1/71)2.7% (33/1,277)2.9% (6/204)Abdominal surgery3.0% (19/644)3.2% (16/507)5.0% (14/282)DVT and PE treatment0.6% (7/1,151)1.6% (9/560)2.1% (12/583)a Includes hip fracture, hip replacement, and knee replacement surgery prophylaxis. 8.6 Renal Impairment Patients with impaired renal function are at increased risk of bleeding due to reduced clearance of fondaparinux sodium [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Assess renal function periodically in patients receiving fondaparinux sodium. Discontinue fondaparinux sodium immediately in patients who develop severe renal impairment while on therapy. After discontinuation of fondaparinux sodium, its anticoagulant effects may persist for to days in patients with normal renal function (i.e., at least to half-lives). The anticoagulant effects of fondaparinux sodium may persist even longer in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment Following single, subcutaneous dose of 7.5 mg of fondaparinux sodium in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Category B) compared to subjects with normal liver function, changes from baseline in aPTT, PT/INR, and antithrombin III were similar in the two groups. However, higher incidence of hemorrhage was observed in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment than in normal subjects, especially mild hematomas at the blood sampling or injection site. The pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux have not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration 2.5 and Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)].

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Spinal or epidural hematomas, which may result in long-term or permanent paralysis, can occur. 5.1) Patients taking fondaparinux sodium with risk factors for bleeding are at increased risk of hemorrhage. 5.2) Bleeding risk is increased in renal impairment and in patients with low body weight <50 kg. 5.3, 5.4) Thrombocytopenia can occur with administration of fondaparinux sodium. 5.5) Periodic routine complete blood counts (including platelet counts), serum creatinine level, and stool occult blood tests are recommended. 5.6) Spinal or epidural hematomas, which may result in long-term or permanent paralysis, can occur. 5.1) Patients taking fondaparinux sodium with risk factors for bleeding are at increased risk of hemorrhage. 5.2) Bleeding risk is increased in renal impairment and in patients with low body weight <50 kg. 5.3, 5.4) Thrombocytopenia can occur with administration of fondaparinux sodium. 5.5) Periodic routine complete blood counts (including platelet counts), serum creatinine level, and stool occult blood tests are recommended. 5.6) 5.1 Neuraxial Anesthesia and Post-operative Indwelling Epidural Catheter Use. Spinal or epidural hematomas, which may result in long-term or permanent paralysis, can occur with the use of anticoagulants and neuraxial (spinal/epidural) anesthesia or spinal puncture. The risk of these events may be higher with post-operative use of indwelling epidural catheters or concomitant use of other drugs affecting hemostasis such as NSAIDs [see Boxed Warning]. In the postmarketing experience, epidural or spinal hematoma has been reported in association with the use of fondaparinux sodium by subcutaneous (SC) injection. Optimal timing between the administration of fondaparinux sodium and neuraxial procedures is not known. Monitor patients undergoing these procedures for signs and symptoms of neurologic impairment such as midline back pain, sensory and motor deficits (numbness, tingling, or weakness in lower limbs), and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Consider the potential risks and benefits before neuraxial intervention in patients anticoagulated or who may be anticoagulated for thromboprophylaxis. 5.2 Hemorrhage Fondaparinux sodium increases the risk of hemorrhage in patients at risk for bleeding, including conditions such as congenital or acquired bleeding disorders, active ulcerative and angiodysplastic gastrointestinal disease, hemorrhagic stroke, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, or shortly after brain, spinal, or ophthalmological surgery. Cases of elevated aPTT temporally associated with bleeding events have been reported following administration of fondaparinux sodium (with or without concomitant administration of other anticoagulants) [see Adverse Reactions (6.5)]. Do not administer agents that enhance the risk of hemorrhage with fondaparinux sodium unless essential for the management of the underlying condition, such as vitamin antagonists for the treatment of VTE. If co-administration is essential, closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of bleeding.Do not administer the initial dose of fondaparinux sodium earlier than to hours after surgery. Administration earlier than hours after surgery increases risk of major bleeding [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 5.3 Renal Impairment and Bleeding Risk Fondaparinux sodium increases the risk of bleeding in patients with impaired renal function due to reduced clearance [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. The incidence of major bleeding by renal function status reported in clinical trials of patients receiving fondaparinux sodium for VTE surgical prophylaxis is provided in Table 1. In these patient populations, the following is recommended: Do not use fondaparinux sodium for VTE prophylaxis and treatment in patients with CrCl <30 mL/min [see Contraindications (4)]. Fondaparinux sodium may cause prolonged anticoagulation in patients with CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min.Table 1. Incidence of Major Bleeding in Patients Treated With Fondaparinux Sodium by Renal Function Status for Surgical Prophylaxis and Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) PopulationTiming of DoseDegree of Renal ImpairmentNormal (n/N)Mild (n/N)Moderate (n/N)Severe (n/N)CrCl (mL/min)>= 80 >= 50 to <80 >= 30 to <50 <30Orthopedic surgery Overall1.6% (25/1,565) 2.4% (31/1,288) 3.8% (19/504) 4.8% (4/83) to hours after surgery 1.8% (16/905) 2.2% (15/675) 2.3% (6/265) 0% (0/40) Abdominal surgeryOverall2.1% (13/606) 3.6% (22/613) 6.7% (12/179) 7.1% (1/14) to hours after surgery 2.1% (10/467) 3.3% (16/481) 5.8% (8/137) 7.7% (1/13) DVT and PE Treatment0.4% (4/1,132) 1.6% (12/733) 2.2% (7/318) 7.3% (4/55) CrCl=creatinine clearance. Hip fracture, hip replacement, and knee replacement surgery prophylaxis. Assess renal function periodically in patients receiving fondaparinux sodium. Discontinue the drug immediately in patients who develop severe renal impairment while on therapy. After discontinuation of fondaparinux sodium, its anticoagulant effects may persist for to days in patients with normal renal function (i.e., at least to half-lives). The anticoagulant effects of fondaparinux sodium may persist even longer in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4) ]. Do not use fondaparinux sodium for VTE prophylaxis and treatment in patients with CrCl <30 mL/min [see Contraindications (4)]. Fondaparinux sodium may cause prolonged anticoagulation in patients with CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min.. 5.4 Body Weight 50 kg and Bleeding Risk. Fondaparinux sodium increases the risk for bleeding in patients who weigh less than 50 kg, compared to patients with higher weights.In patients who weigh less than 50 kg:Do not administer fondaparinux sodium as prophylactic therapy for patients undergoing hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery and abdominal surgery [see Contraindications 4)]. During the randomized clinical trials of VTE prophylaxis in the peri-operative period following hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery and abdominal surgery, major bleeding occurred at higher rate among patients with body weight 50 kg compared to those with body weight 50 kg (5.4% versus 2.1% in patients undergoing hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery; 5.3% versus 3.3% in patients undergoing abdominal surgery).. Do not administer fondaparinux sodium as prophylactic therapy for patients undergoing hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery and abdominal surgery [see Contraindications 4)]. 5.5 Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia can occur with the administration of fondaparinux sodium. Thrombocytopenia of any degree should be monitored closely. Discontinue fondaparinux sodium if the platelet count falls below 100,000/mm 3. Moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet counts between 100,000/mm and 50,000/mm 3) occurred at rate of 3.0% in patients given fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg in the peri-operative hip fracture, hip replacement, or knee replacement surgery and abdominal surgery clinical trials. Severe thrombocytopenia (platelet counts less than 50,000/mm 3) occurred at rate of 0.2% in patients given fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg in these clinical trials. During extended prophylaxis, no cases of moderate or severe thrombocytopenia were reported. Moderate thrombocytopenia occurred at rate of 0.5% in patients given the fondaparinux sodium treatment regimen in the DVT and PE treatment clinical trials. Severe thrombocytopenia occurred at rate of 0.04% in patients given the fondaparinux sodium treatment regimen in the DVT and PE treatment clinical trials.Occurrences of thrombocytopenia with thrombosis that manifested similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia have been reported with the use of fondaparinux sodium in postmarketing experience [see Adverse Reactions (6.5)]. 5.6 Monitoring: Laboratory Tests Routine coagulation tests such as Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) are relatively insensitive measures of the activity of fondaparinux sodium and international standards of heparin or LMWH are not calibrators to measure anti-Factor Xa activity of fondaparinux sodium. If unexpected changes in coagulation parameters or major bleeding occur during therapy with fondaparinux sodium, discontinue fondaparinux sodium. In postmarketing experience, occurrences of aPTT elevations have been reported following administration of fondaparinux sodium [see Adverse Reactions (6.5)]. Periodic routine complete blood counts (including platelet count), serum creatinine level, and stool occult blood tests are recommended during the course of treatment with fondaparinux sodium.The anti-Factor Xa activity of fondaparinux sodium can be measured by anti-Xa assay using the appropriate calibrator (fondaparinux). The activity of fondaparinux sodium is expressed in milligrams (mg) of the fondaparinux and cannot be compared with activities of heparin or low molecular weight heparins [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2 12.3)].