INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release Capsules, CNS stimulant, are indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (1)Children (ages to 12): Efficacy was established in one 3-week outpatient, controlled trial and one analogue classroom, controlled trial in children with ADHD. (14)Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adolescents with ADHD. (14)Adults: Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adults with ADHD. (14). Children (ages to 12): Efficacy was established in one 3-week outpatient, controlled trial and one analogue classroom, controlled trial in children with ADHD. (14). Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adolescents with ADHD. (14). Adults: Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adults with ADHD. (14). 1.1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The efficacy of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in the treatment of ADHD was established on the basis of two controlled trials in children aged to 12, one controlled trial in adolescents aged 13 to 17, and one controlled trial in adults who met DSM-IV(R) criteria for ADHD [see Clinical Studies (14)].A diagnosis of ADHD (DSM-IV(R)) implies the presence of hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment and were present before age years. The symptoms must cause clinically significant impairment, e.g., in social, academic, or occupational functioning, and be present in two or more settings, e.g., school (or work) and at home. The symptoms must not be better accounted for by another mental disorder. For the Inattentive Type, at least six of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least months: lack of attention to details/careless mistakes; lack of sustained attention; poor listener; failure to follow through on tasks; poor organization; avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort; loses things; easily distracted; forgetful. For the Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, at least six of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least months: fidgeting/squirming; leaving seat; inappropriate running/climbing; difficulty with quiet activities; on the go; excessive talking; blurting answers; cant wait turn; intrusive. The Combined Type requires both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive criteria to be met.Special Diagnostic ConsiderationsSpecific etiology of this syndrome is unknown, and there is no single diagnostic test. Adequate diagnosis requires the use not only of medical but of special psychological, educational, and social resources. Learning may or may not be impaired. The diagnosis must be based upon complete history and evaluation of the patient and not solely on the presence of the required number of DSM-IV(R) characteristics.Need for Comprehensive Treatment ProgramDextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated as an integral part of total treatment program for ADHD that may include other measures (psychological, educational, social) for patients with this syndrome. Drug treatment may not be indicated for all patients with this syndrome. Stimulants are not intended for use in the patient who exhibits symptoms secondary to environmental factors and/or other primary psychiatric disorders, including psychosis. Appropriate educational placement is essential and psychosocial intervention is often helpful. When remedial measures alone are insufficient, the decision to prescribe stimulant medication will depend upon the physicians assessment of the chronicity and severity of the childs symptoms.Long-Term UseThe effectiveness of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for long-term use, i.e. for more than weeks in children and weeks in adolescents and adults, has not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials. Therefore, the physician who elects to use dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).Controlled Substance Status/Potential for Abuse, Misuse, and DependenceAdvise patients that dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are federally controlled substance because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Additionally, emphasize that dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be stored in safe place to prevent misuse and/or abuse. Evaluate patient history (including family history) of abuse or dependence on alcohol, prescription medicines, or illicit drugs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9)].Serious Cardiovascular RisksAdvise patients of serious cardiovascular risk (including sudden death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension) with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Patients who develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease during treatment should undergo prompt cardiac evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].Psychiatric RisksPrior to initiating treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, adequately screen patients with comorbid depressive symptoms to determine if they are at risk for bipolar disorder. Such screening should include detailed psychiatric history, including family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and/or depression. Additionally, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules therapy at usual doses may cause treatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms in patients without prior history of psychotic symptoms or mania [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].Circulation problems in fingers and toes [Peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon]Instruct patients beginning treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds Phenomenon, and in associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red. Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes. Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].Serotonin SyndromeCaution patients about the risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and other serotonergic drugs including SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. Johns Wort, and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others such as linezolid [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider or report to the emergency room if they experience signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome.Concomitant MedicationsAdvise patients to notify their physicians if they are taking, or plan to take, any prescription or over-the-counter drugs because there is potential for interactions [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].GrowthMonitor growth in children during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, and patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].Pregnancy Registry Advise patients that there is pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. PregnancyAdvise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Advise patients of the potential fetal effects from the use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].Lactation Advise women not to breastfeed if they are taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].Impairment in Ability to Operate Machinery or Vehicles Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may impair the ability of the patient to engage in potentially hazardous activities such as operating machinery or vehicles; the patient should therefore be cautioned accordingly.For more information, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472.ADDERALL(R) is registered trademark of Shire LLC, under license to Duramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. DSM-IV(R) is registered trademark of the American Psychiatric Association.Distributed by:Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Bridgewater, NJ 08807 Rev. 12-2021-03.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.. Children (ages to 12): Most common adverse reactions (>= 5% and with higher incidence than on placebo) were loss of appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain, emotional lability, vomiting, nervousness, nausea, and fever. (6.1)Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Most common adverse reactions (>= 5% and with higher incidence than on placebo) were loss of appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain, weight loss, and nervousness. (6.1)Adults: Most common adverse reactions >= 5% and with higher incidence than on placebo were dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, headache, weight loss, nausea, anxiety, agitation, dizziness, tachycardia, diarrhea, asthenia, and urinary tract infections. (6.1)To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.. Children (ages to 12): Most common adverse reactions (>= 5% and with higher incidence than on placebo) were loss of appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain, emotional lability, vomiting, nervousness, nausea, and fever. (6.1). Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Most common adverse reactions (>= 5% and with higher incidence than on placebo) were loss of appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain, weight loss, and nervousness. (6.1). Adults: Most common adverse reactions >= 5% and with higher incidence than on placebo were dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, headache, weight loss, nausea, anxiety, agitation, dizziness, tachycardia, diarrhea, asthenia, and urinary tract infections. (6.1). 6.1 Clinical Studies Experience. The premarketing development program for dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules included exposures in total of 1,315 participants in clinical trials (635 pediatric patients, 350 adolescent patients, 248 adult patients, and 82 healthy adult subjects). Of these, 635 patients (ages to 12) were evaluated in two controlled clinical studies, one open-label clinical study, and two single-dose clinical pharmacology studies (N= 40). Safety data on all patients are included in the discussion that follows. Adverse reactions were assessed by collecting adverse reactions, results of physical examinations, vital signs, weights, laboratory analyses, and ECGs.Adverse reactions during exposure were obtained primarily by general inquiry and recorded by clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. Consequently, it is not possible to provide meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing adverse reactions without first grouping similar types of reactions into smaller number of standardized event categories. In the tables and listings that follow, COSTART terminology has been used to classify reported adverse reactions.The stated frequencies of adverse reactions represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, treatment-emergent adverse event of the type listed.Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation of Treatment In two placebo-controlled studies of up to weeks duration among children with ADHD, 2.4% (10/425) of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions (including patients with loss of appetite, one of whom also reported insomnia) compared to 2.7% (7/259) receiving placebo.The most frequent adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in controlled and uncontrolled, multiple-dose clinical trials of children (N=595) were anorexia (loss of appetite) (2.9%), insomnia (1.5%), weight loss (1.2%), emotional lability (1%), and depression (0.7%). Over half of these patients were exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for 12 months or more.In separate placebo-controlled 4-week study in adolescents with ADHD, five patients (2.1%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events among dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients (N=233) compared to none who received placebo (N=54). The most frequent adverse event leading to discontinuation and considered to be drug-related (i.e. leading to discontinuation in at least 1% of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients and at rate at least twice that of placebo) was insomnia (1.3%, n=3).In one placebo-controlled 4-week study among adults with ADHD with doses 20 mg to 60 mg, 23 patients (12.0%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events among dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients (N=191) compared to one patient (1.6%) who received placebo (N=64). The most frequent adverse events leading to discontinuation and considered to be drug-related (i.e. leading to discontinuation in at least 1% of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients and at rate at least twice that of placebo) were insomnia (5.2%, n=10), anxiety (2.1%, n=4), nervousness (1.6%, n=3), dry mouth (1.6%, n=3), anorexia (1.6%, n=3), tachycardia (1.6%, n=3), headache (1.6%, n=3), and asthenia (1.0%, n=2).Adverse Reactions Occurring in Controlled TrialsAdverse reactions reported in 3-week clinical trial of children and 4-week clinical trial in adolescents and adults, respectively, treated with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules or placebo are presented in the tables below.Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported by 2% or More of Children (6 to 12 Years Old) Receiving Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules with Higher Incidence Than on Placebo in 584-Patient Clinical StudyBody SystemPreferred TermDextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (n=374)Placebo (n=210)GeneralAbdominal Pain (stomachache)FeverInfectionAccidental InjuryAsthenia (fatigue)14%5%4%3%2%10%2%2%2%0%Digestive SystemLoss of AppetiteVomitingNauseaDyspepsia22%7%5%2%2%4%3%1%Nervous SystemInsomniaEmotional LabilityNervousnessDizziness17%9%6%2%2%2%2%0%Metabolic/NutritionalWeight Loss4%0%Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported by 5% or More of Adolescents (13 to 17 Years Old) Weighing <= 75 kg/165 lbs Receiving Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules with Higher Incidence Than Placebo in 287 Patient Clinical Forced Weekly-Dose Titration StudyBody SystemPreferred TermDextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (n=233)Placebo (n=54)GeneralAbdominal Pain (stomachache)11%2%Digestive SystemLoss of Appetite 36%2%Nervous SystemInsomnia Nervousness12%6%4%6% Metabolic/NutritionalWeight Loss 9%0% Included doses up to 40 mga Appears the same due to roundingb Dose-related adverse reactionsNote: The following reactions did not meet the criterion for inclusion in Table but were reported by 2% to 4% of adolescent patients receiving dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with higher incidence than patients receiving placebo in this study: accidental injury, asthenia (fatigue), dry mouth, dyspepsia, emotional lability, nausea, somnolence, and vomiting.Table 3: Adverse Reactions Reported by 5% or More of Adults Receiving Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules with Higher Incidence Than on Placebo in 255 Patient Clinical Forced Weekly-Dose Titration StudyBody SystemPreferred TermDextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (n=191)Placebo (n=64)GeneralHeadacheAsthenia26%6%13%5%Digestive SystemDry MouthLoss of AppetiteNauseaDiarrhea35%33%8%6%5%3%3%0%Nervous SystemInsomniaAgitationAnxietyDizzinessNervousness27%8%8%7%13%13%5%5%0%13%a Cardiovascular SystemTachycardia6%3%Metabolic/NutritionalWeight Loss10%0%Urogenital SystemUrinary Tract Infection5%0% Included doses up to 60 mg.a Appears the same due to roundingNote: The following reactions did not meet the criterion for inclusion in Table but were reported by 2% to 4% of adult patients receiving dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with higher incidence than patients receiving placebo in this study: infection, photosensitivity reaction, constipation, tooth disorder (e.g., teeth clenching, tooth infection), emotional lability, libido decreased, somnolence, speech disorder (e.g., stuttering, excessive speech), palpitation, twitching, dyspnea, sweating, dysmenorrhea, and impotence.Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] In controlled 4-week outpatient clinical study of adolescents with ADHD, isolated systolic blood pressure elevations >= 15 mmHg were observed in 7/64 (11%) placebo-treated patients and 7/100 (7%) patients receiving dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 10 or 20 mg. Isolated elevations in diastolic blood pressure >= mmHg were observed in 16/64 (25%) placebo-treated patients and 22/100 (22%) dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules-treated patients. Similar results were observed at higher doses.In single-dose pharmacokinetic study in 23 adolescents with ADHD, isolated increases in systolic blood pressure (above the upper 95% CI for age, gender, and stature) were observed in 2/17 (12%) and 8/23 (35%), subjects administered 10 mg and 20 mg dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, respectively. Higher single doses were associated with greater increase in systolic blood pressure. All increases were transient, appeared maximal at to hours post dose and not associated with symptoms.. 6.2 Adverse Reactions Associated with the Use of Amphetamine, DextroamphetamineSaccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate andAmphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules, or ADDERALL(R) (DextroamphetamineSaccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine SulfateTablet). The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, or ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate tablet) Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure. CardiovascularPalpitations. There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use.Central Nervous SystemPsychotic episodes at recommended doses, overstimulation, restlessness, irritability, euphoria, dyskinesia, dysphoria, depression, tremor, tics, aggression, anger, logorrhea, dermatillomania, paresthesia (including formication), and bruxism.Eye DisordersVision blurred, mydriasis.GastrointestinalUnpleasant taste, constipation, other gastrointestinal disturbances.AllergicUrticaria, rash, hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema and anaphylaxis. Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported.EndocrineImpotence, changes in libido, frequent or prolonged erections.SkinAlopecia.Vascular DisordersRaynauds phenomenon.Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue DisordersRhabdomyolysis.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. Amphetamines block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic studies of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules have been conducted in healthy adult and pediatric (children aged to 12 yrs) subjects, and adolescent (13 to 17 yrs) and children with ADHD. Both ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate) (immediate-release) tablets and dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules contain d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine salts in the ratio of 3:1. Following administration of ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate) (immediate-release), the peak plasma concentrations occurred in about hours for both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine.The time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) for dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules is about hours, which is about hours longer compared to ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate) (immediate-release). This is consistent with the extended-release nature of the product.Figure 1: Mean d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine Plasma Concentrations Following Administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 20 mg (8 am) and ADDERALL(R) (Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Tablet) (immediate-release) 10 mg Twice Daily (8 am and 12 noon) in the Fed State.A single dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release 20 mg capsules provided comparable plasma concentration profiles of both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine to ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate tablet) (immediate-release) 10 mg twice daily administered hours apart.The mean elimination half-life for d-amphetamine is 10 hours in adults; 11 hours in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years and weighing less than or equal to 75 kg/165 lbs; and hours in children aged to 12 years. For the l-amphetamine, the mean elimination half-life in adults is 13 hours; 13 to 14 hours in adolescents; and 11 hours in children aged to 12 years. On mg/kg body weight basis, children have higher clearance than adolescents or adults (see Special Populations below).Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules demonstrate linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range of 20 to 60 mg in adults and adolescents weighing greater than 75 kg/165 lbs, over the dose range of 10 to 40 mg in adolescents weighing less than or equal to 75 kg/165 lbs, and to 30 mg in children aged to 12 years. There is no unexpected accumulation at steady state in children.Food does not affect the extent of absorption of d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine, but prolongs Tmax by 2.5 hours (from 5.2 hrs at fasted state to 7.7 hrs after high-fat meal) for d-amphetamine and 2.7 hours (from 5.6 hrs at fasted state to 8.3 hrs after high fat meal) for l-amphetamine after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 30 mg. Opening the capsule and sprinkling the contents on applesauce results in comparable absorption to the intact capsule taken in the fasted state. Equal doses of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules strengths are bioequivalent. e. Metabolism and Excretion. Amphetamine is reported to be oxidized at the position of the benzene ring to form 4-hydroxyamphetamine, or on the side chain or carbons to form alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine or norephedrine, respectively. Norephedrine and 4-hydroxy-amphetamine are both active and each is subsequently oxidized to form 4-hydroxy-norephedrine. Alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine undergoes deamination to form phenylacetone, which ultimately forms benzoic acid and its glucuronide and the glycine conjugate hippuric acid. Although the enzymes involved in amphetamine metabolism have not been clearly defined, CYP2D6 is known to be involved with formation of 4-hydroxy-amphetamine. Since CYP2D6 is genetically polymorphic, population variations in amphetamine metabolism are possibility.Amphetamine is known to inhibit monoamine oxidase, whereas the ability of amphetamine and its metabolites to inhibit various P450 isozymes and other enzymes has not been adequately elucidated. In vitro experiments with human microsomes indicate minor inhibition of CYP2D6 by amphetamine and minor inhibition of CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 by one or more metabolites. However, due to the probability of auto-inhibition and the lack of information on the concentration of these metabolites relative to in vivo concentrations, no predications regarding the potential for amphetamine or its metabolites to inhibit the metabolism of other drugs by CYP isozymes in vivo can be made.With normal urine pHs, approximately half of an administered dose of amphetamine is recoverable in urine as derivatives of alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine and approximately another 30 to 40% of the dose is recoverable in urine as amphetamine itself. Since amphetamine has pKa of 9.9, urinary recovery of amphetamine is highly dependent on pH and urine flow rates. Alkaline urine pHs result in less ionization and reduced renal elimination, and acidic pHs and high flow rates result in increased renal elimination with clearances greater than glomerular filtration rates, indicating the involvement of active secretion. Urinary recovery of amphetamine has been reported to range from 1% to 75%, depending on urinary pH, with the remaining fraction of the dose hepatically metabolized. Consequently, both hepatic and renal dysfunction have the potential to inhibit the elimination of amphetamine and result in prolonged exposures. In addition, drugs that effect urinary pH are known to alter the elimination of amphetamine, and any decrease in amphetamines metabolism that might occur due to drug interactions or genetic polymorphisms is more likely to be clinically significant when renal elimination is decreased [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Special Populations. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of d- and l-amphetamine after oral administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in children (6 to 12 years) and adolescent (13 to 17 years) ADHD patients and healthy adult volunteers indicates that body weight is the primary determinant of apparent differences in the pharmacokinetics of d- and l-amphetamine across the age range. Systemic exposure measured by area under the curve to infinity (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) decreased with increases in body weight, while oral volume of distribution (VZ/F), oral clearance (CL/F), and elimination half-life (t1/2) increased with increases in body weight.Pediatric PatientsOn mg/kg weight basis, children eliminated amphetamine faster than adults. The elimination half-life (t1/2) is approximately hour shorter for d-amphetamine and hours shorter for l-amphetamine in children than in adults. However, children had higher systemic exposure to amphetamine (Cmax and AUC) than adults for given dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, which was attributed to the higher dose administered to children on mg/kg body weight basis compared to adults. Upon dose normalization on mg/kg basis, children showed 30% less systemic exposure compared to adults.GenderSystemic exposure to amphetamine was 20 to 30% higher in women (N=20) than in men (N=20) due to the higher dose administered to women on mg/kg body weight basis. When the exposure parameters (Cmax and AUC) were normalized by dose (mg/kg), these differences diminished. Age and gender had no direct effect on the pharmacokinetics of d- and l-amphetamine.RaceFormal pharmacokinetic studies for race have not been conducted. However, amphetamine pharmacokinetics appeared to be comparable among Caucasians (N=33), Blacks (N=8) and Hispanics (N=10).Patients with Renal ImpairmentThe effect of renal impairment on d- and l-amphetamine after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules has not been studied. The impact of renal impairment on the disposition of amphetamine is expected to be similar between oral administration of lisdexamfetamine and dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. In pharmacokinetic study of lisdexamfetamine in adult subjects with normal and impaired renal function, mean d-amphetamine clearance was reduced from 0.7 L/hr/kg in normal subjects to 0.4 L/hr/kg in subjects with severe renal impairment (GFR 15 to 30 mL/min/1.73m2). Dialysis did not significantly affect the clearance of d-amphetamine [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Pediatric patients (ages to 17): 10 mg once daily in the morning. Maximum dose for children to 12 years of age is 30 mg once daily. (2.2, 2.3, 2.4)Adults: 20 mg once daily in the morning. (2.5)Pediatric patients (ages to 17) with severe renal impairment: mg once daily in the morning. Maximum dose for children to 12 years of age with severe renal impairment is 20 mg once daily. (2.6, 8.6)Adults with severe renal impairment: 15 mg once daily in the morning. (2.6, 8.6)Patients with ESRD: not recommended. (2.6, 8.6). Pediatric patients (ages to 17): 10 mg once daily in the morning. Maximum dose for children to 12 years of age is 30 mg once daily. (2.2, 2.3, 2.4). Adults: 20 mg once daily in the morning. (2.5). Pediatric patients (ages to 17) with severe renal impairment: mg once daily in the morning. Maximum dose for children to 12 years of age with severe renal impairment is 20 mg once daily. (2.6, 8.6). Adults with severe renal impairment: 15 mg once daily in the morning. (2.6, 8.6). Patients with ESRD: not recommended. (2.6, 8.6). 2.1 Important Information Prior to Initiating Treatment. Prior to initiating treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, assess for the presence of cardiac disease (e.g., perform careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy. Maintain careful prescription records, educate patients about abuse, monitor for signs for abuse and overdose, and periodically re-evaluate the need for dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9)].. 2.2 Dosing Considerations for All Patients. Individualize the dosage according to the therapeutic needs and response of the patient. Administer dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules at the lowest effective dosage.Based on bioequivalence data, patients taking divided doses of immediate-release ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate tablet), (for example, twice daily), may be switched to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules at the same total daily dose taken once daily. Titrate at weekly intervals to appropriate efficacy and tolerability as indicated.Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may be taken whole, or the capsule may be opened and the entire contents sprinkled on applesauce. If the patient is using the sprinkle administration method, the sprinkled applesauce should be consumed immediately; it should not be stored. Patients should take the applesauce with sprinkled beads in its entirety without chewing. The dose of single capsule should not be divided. The contents of the entire capsule should be taken, and patients should not take anything less than one capsule per day.Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may be taken with or without food.Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be given upon awakening. Afternoon doses should be avoided because of the potential for insomnia.Where possible, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules therapy should be interrupted occasionally to determine if there is recurrence of behavioral symptoms sufficient to require continued therapy. 2.3 Children. In children with ADHD who are to 12 years of age and are either starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication, start with 10 mg once daily in the morning; daily dosage may be adjusted in increments of mg or 10 mg at weekly intervals. When in the judgment of the clinician lower initial dose is appropriate, patients may begin treatment with mg once daily in the morning. The maximum recommended dose for children to 12 years of age is 30 mg/day; doses greater than 30 mg/day have not been studied in children. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules have not been studied in children under years of age.. 2.4 Adolescents. The recommended starting dose for adolescents with ADHD who are 13 to 17 years of age and are either starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication is 10 mg/day. The dose may be increased to 20 mg/day after one week if ADHD symptoms are not adequately controlled.. 2.5 Adults. In adults with ADHD who are either starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication, the recommended dose is 20 mg/day.. 2.6 Dosage in Patients withRenal Impairment. In adult patients with severe renal impairment (GFR 15 to 30 mL/min/1.73m2), the recommended dose is 15 mg once daily in the morning. In pediatric patients (6 to 17 years of age) with severe renal impairment, the recommended dose is mg once daily. The maximum dose for children to 12 years of age with severe renal impairment is 20 mg once daily. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are not recommended in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) (GFR 15 mL/min/1.73m2) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS. MAOI antidepressants are contraindicated; MAOIs potentiate the effects of amphetamine. Do not administer dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during or within 14 days after use of MAOI. (4, 7.1)Alkalinizing agents (GI antacids and urinary): These agents increase blood levels of amphetamine. (7.1)Acidifying agents (GI and urinary): These agents reduce blood levels of amphetamine. (7.1)Adrenergic blockers, antihistamines, antihypertensives, phenobarbital, phenytoin, veratrum alkaloids, and ethosuximide: Effects may be reduced by amphetamines. (7.1)Tricyclic antidepressants, norepinephrine, and meperidine: Effects may be potentiated by amphetamines. (7.1). MAOI antidepressants are contraindicated; MAOIs potentiate the effects of amphetamine. Do not administer dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during or within 14 days after use of MAOI. (4, 7.1). Alkalinizing agents (GI antacids and urinary): These agents increase blood levels of amphetamine. (7.1). Acidifying agents (GI and urinary): These agents reduce blood levels of amphetamine. (7.1). Adrenergic blockers, antihistamines, antihypertensives, phenobarbital, phenytoin, veratrum alkaloids, and ethosuximide: Effects may be reduced by amphetamines. (7.1). Tricyclic antidepressants, norepinephrine, and meperidine: Effects may be potentiated by amphetamines. (7.1). 7.1 Clinically Important Interactions with Amphetamines. Table 4: Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with AmphetaminesMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)Clinical ImpactConcomitant use of MAOIs and CNS stimulants can cause hypertensive crisis. Potential outcomes include death, stroke, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, ophthalmological complications, eclampsia, pulmonary edema, and renal failure.InterventionDo not administer dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules concomitantly or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI [see Contraindications (4) ].Examplesselegiline, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, linezolid, methylene blueSerotonergic DrugsClinical ImpactThe concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome.InterventionInitiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and the concomitant serotonergic drug(s) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ].Examplesselective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. Johns WortCYP2D6 InhibitorsClinical ImpactThe concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate compared to the use of the drug alone and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.InterventionInitiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules initiation and after dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and the CYP2D6 inhibitor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Overdosage (10)].Examplesparoxetine and fluoxetine (also serotonergic drugs), quinidine, ritonavirAlkalinizing AgentsClinical ImpactIncrease blood levels and potentiate the action of amphetamine.InterventionCo-administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and gastrointestinal or urinary alkalinizing agents should be avoided.ExamplesGastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate). Urinary alkalinizing agents (e.g. acetazolamide, some thiazides).Acidifying AgentsClinical ImpactLower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines.InterventionIncrease dose based on clinical response.ExamplesGastrointestinal acidifying agents (e.g., guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid). Urinary acidifying agents (e.g., ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, methenamine salts).Tricyclic AntidepressantsClinical ImpactMay enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents causing striking and sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated.InterventionMonitor frequently and adjust or use alternative therapy based on clinical response.Examplesdesipramine, protriptylineProton Pump InhibitorsClinical ImpactTime to maximum concentration (Tmax) of amphetamine is decreased compared to when administered alone.InterventionMonitor patients for changes in clinical effect and adjust therapy based on clinical response.ExamplesOmeprazole.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic studies of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules have been conducted in healthy adult and pediatric (children aged to 12 yrs) subjects, and adolescent (13 to 17 yrs) and children with ADHD. Both ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate) (immediate-release) tablets and dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules contain d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine salts in the ratio of 3:1. Following administration of ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate) (immediate-release), the peak plasma concentrations occurred in about hours for both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine.The time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) for dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules is about hours, which is about hours longer compared to ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate) (immediate-release). This is consistent with the extended-release nature of the product.Figure 1: Mean d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine Plasma Concentrations Following Administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 20 mg (8 am) and ADDERALL(R) (Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Tablet) (immediate-release) 10 mg Twice Daily (8 am and 12 noon) in the Fed State.A single dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release 20 mg capsules provided comparable plasma concentration profiles of both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine to ADDERALL(R) (dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate tablet) (immediate-release) 10 mg twice daily administered hours apart.The mean elimination half-life for d-amphetamine is 10 hours in adults; 11 hours in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years and weighing less than or equal to 75 kg/165 lbs; and hours in children aged to 12 years. For the l-amphetamine, the mean elimination half-life in adults is 13 hours; 13 to 14 hours in adolescents; and 11 hours in children aged to 12 years. On mg/kg body weight basis, children have higher clearance than adolescents or adults (see Special Populations below).Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules demonstrate linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range of 20 to 60 mg in adults and adolescents weighing greater than 75 kg/165 lbs, over the dose range of 10 to 40 mg in adolescents weighing less than or equal to 75 kg/165 lbs, and to 30 mg in children aged to 12 years. There is no unexpected accumulation at steady state in children.Food does not affect the extent of absorption of d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine, but prolongs Tmax by 2.5 hours (from 5.2 hrs at fasted state to 7.7 hrs after high-fat meal) for d-amphetamine and 2.7 hours (from 5.6 hrs at fasted state to 8.3 hrs after high fat meal) for l-amphetamine after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 30 mg. Opening the capsule and sprinkling the contents on applesauce results in comparable absorption to the intact capsule taken in the fasted state. Equal doses of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules strengths are bioequivalent. e. Metabolism and Excretion. Amphetamine is reported to be oxidized at the position of the benzene ring to form 4-hydroxyamphetamine, or on the side chain or carbons to form alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine or norephedrine, respectively. Norephedrine and 4-hydroxy-amphetamine are both active and each is subsequently oxidized to form 4-hydroxy-norephedrine. Alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine undergoes deamination to form phenylacetone, which ultimately forms benzoic acid and its glucuronide and the glycine conjugate hippuric acid. Although the enzymes involved in amphetamine metabolism have not been clearly defined, CYP2D6 is known to be involved with formation of 4-hydroxy-amphetamine. Since CYP2D6 is genetically polymorphic, population variations in amphetamine metabolism are possibility.Amphetamine is known to inhibit monoamine oxidase, whereas the ability of amphetamine and its metabolites to inhibit various P450 isozymes and other enzymes has not been adequately elucidated. In vitro experiments with human microsomes indicate minor inhibition of CYP2D6 by amphetamine and minor inhibition of CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 by one or more metabolites. However, due to the probability of auto-inhibition and the lack of information on the concentration of these metabolites relative to in vivo concentrations, no predications regarding the potential for amphetamine or its metabolites to inhibit the metabolism of other drugs by CYP isozymes in vivo can be made.With normal urine pHs, approximately half of an administered dose of amphetamine is recoverable in urine as derivatives of alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine and approximately another 30 to 40% of the dose is recoverable in urine as amphetamine itself. Since amphetamine has pKa of 9.9, urinary recovery of amphetamine is highly dependent on pH and urine flow rates. Alkaline urine pHs result in less ionization and reduced renal elimination, and acidic pHs and high flow rates result in increased renal elimination with clearances greater than glomerular filtration rates, indicating the involvement of active secretion. Urinary recovery of amphetamine has been reported to range from 1% to 75%, depending on urinary pH, with the remaining fraction of the dose hepatically metabolized. Consequently, both hepatic and renal dysfunction have the potential to inhibit the elimination of amphetamine and result in prolonged exposures. In addition, drugs that effect urinary pH are known to alter the elimination of amphetamine, and any decrease in amphetamines metabolism that might occur due to drug interactions or genetic polymorphisms is more likely to be clinically significant when renal elimination is decreased [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Special Populations. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of d- and l-amphetamine after oral administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in children (6 to 12 years) and adolescent (13 to 17 years) ADHD patients and healthy adult volunteers indicates that body weight is the primary determinant of apparent differences in the pharmacokinetics of d- and l-amphetamine across the age range. Systemic exposure measured by area under the curve to infinity (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) decreased with increases in body weight, while oral volume of distribution (VZ/F), oral clearance (CL/F), and elimination half-life (t1/2) increased with increases in body weight.Pediatric PatientsOn mg/kg weight basis, children eliminated amphetamine faster than adults. The elimination half-life (t1/2) is approximately hour shorter for d-amphetamine and hours shorter for l-amphetamine in children than in adults. However, children had higher systemic exposure to amphetamine (Cmax and AUC) than adults for given dose of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, which was attributed to the higher dose administered to children on mg/kg body weight basis compared to adults. Upon dose normalization on mg/kg basis, children showed 30% less systemic exposure compared to adults.GenderSystemic exposure to amphetamine was 20 to 30% higher in women (N=20) than in men (N=20) due to the higher dose administered to women on mg/kg body weight basis. When the exposure parameters (Cmax and AUC) were normalized by dose (mg/kg), these differences diminished. Age and gender had no direct effect on the pharmacokinetics of d- and l-amphetamine.RaceFormal pharmacokinetic studies for race have not been conducted. However, amphetamine pharmacokinetics appeared to be comparable among Caucasians (N=33), Blacks (N=8) and Hispanics (N=10).Patients with Renal ImpairmentThe effect of renal impairment on d- and l-amphetamine after administration of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules has not been studied. The impact of renal impairment on the disposition of amphetamine is expected to be similar between oral administration of lisdexamfetamine and dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. In pharmacokinetic study of lisdexamfetamine in adult subjects with normal and impaired renal function, mean d-amphetamine clearance was reduced from 0.7 L/hr/kg in normal subjects to 0.4 L/hr/kg in subjects with severe renal impairment (GFR 15 to 30 mL/min/1.73m2). Dialysis did not significantly affect the clearance of d-amphetamine [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychostimulants at 1-866-961-2388 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/othermedications/.Risk Summary Available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports on use of prescription amphetamine in pregnant women have not identified drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage (see Data). Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature delivery and low birth weight, have been seen in infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations).No apparent effects on morphological development were observed in embryo-fetal development studies, with oral administration of amphetamine to rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses and 12 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day given to adolescents, on mg/m2 basis. However, in pre- and post-natal development study, amphetamine (d- to l- ratio of 3:1) administered orally to pregnant rats during gestation and lactation caused decrease in pup survival and decrease in pup body weight that correlated with delay in developmental landmarks at clinically relevant doses of amphetamine. In addition, adverse effects on reproductive performance were observed in pups whose mothers were treated with amphetamine. Long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects have also been reported in animal developmental studies using clinically relevant doses of amphetamine (see Data). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse ReactionsAmphetamines, such as dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, cause vasoconstriction and thereby may decrease placental perfusion. In addition, amphetamines can stimulate uterine contractions, increasing the risk of premature delivery. Infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.Monitor infants born to mothers taking amphetamines for symptoms of withdrawal such as feeding difficulties, irritability, agitation, and excessive drowsiness.DataAnimal DataAmphetamine (d- to l- enantiomer ratio of 3:1) had no apparent effects on embryofetal morphological development or survival when administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits throughout the period of organogenesis at doses of up to and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses are approximately and 12 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day given to adolescents, on mg/m2 basis. Fetal malformations and death have been reported in mice following parenteral administration of d-amphetamine doses of 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 10 times the MRHD given to adolescents on mg/m2 basis) or greater to pregnant animals. Administration of these doses was also associated with severe maternal toxicity.A study was conducted in which pregnant rats received daily oral doses of amphetamine (d- to l- -enantiomer ratio of 3:1) of 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg from gestation day to lactation day 20. These doses are approximately 0.8, 2, and times the MRHD of 20 mg/day given to adolescents, on mg/m2 basis. All doses caused hyperactivity and decreased weight gain in the dams. decrease in pup survival was seen at all doses. decrease in pup body weight was seen at and 10 mg/kg which correlated with delays in developmental landmarks, such as preputial separation and vaginal opening. Increased pup locomotor activity was seen at 10 mg/kg on day 22 postpartum but not at weeks postweaning. When pups were tested for reproductive performance at maturation, gestational weight gain, number of implantations, and number of delivered pups were decreased in the group whose mothers had been given 10 mg/kg.A number of studies from the literature in rodents indicate that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to amphetamine (d- or d, l-) at doses similar to those used clinically can result in long-term neurochemical and behavioral alterations. Reported behavioral effects include learning and memory deficits, altered locomotor activity, and changes in sexual function.

SPL MEDGUIDE SECTION.

MEDICATION GUIDE. DEXTROAMPHETAMINE saccharate, AMPHETAMINE aspartate monohydrate, DEXTROAMPHETAMINE sulfate and AMPHETAMINE sulfate Extended-Release Capsules, CII(dex troe am fet meen sak rate/am fet meen spar tate /dex troe am fet meen sul fate/am fet meen sul fate)Read the Medication Guide that comes with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules before you or your child starts taking it and each time you get refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your or your childs treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.What is the most important information should know about dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesDextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are stimulant medicine. The following have been reported with use of stimulant medicines.1. Heart-related problems:sudden death in patients who have heart problems or heart defectsstroke and heart attack in adultsincreased blood pressure and heart rateTell your doctor if you or your child has any heart problems, heart defects, high blood pressure, or family history of these problems.Your doctor should check you or your child carefully for heart problems before starting dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.Your doctor should check your or your childs blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.Call your doctor right away if you or your child has any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.2. Mental (Psychiatric) problems:All Patientsnew or worse behavior and thought problemsnew or worse bipolar illnessnew or worse aggressive behavior or hostilityChildren and Teenagersnew psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices, believing things that are not true, are suspicious) or new manic symptomsTell your doctor about any mental problems you or your child has, or about family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression.Call your doctor right away if you or your child has any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, especially seeing or hearing things that are not real, believing things that are not real, or are suspicious. 3. Circulation problems in fingers and toes [Peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon]:Fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painfulFingers or toes may change from pale, to blue, to redTell your doctor if you have or your child has numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in your fingers or toes.Call your doctor right away if you have or your child has any unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.What are dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesDextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are once daily central nervous system stimulant prescription medicine. It is used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD.Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be used as part of total treatment program for ADHD that may include counseling or other therapies.Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are federally controlled substance (CII) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may harm others, and is against the law. Tell your doctor if you or your child has (or has family history of) ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines or street drugs.Who should not take dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesDextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should not be taken if you or your child:have heart disease or hardening of the arterieshave moderate to severe high blood pressurehave hyperthyroidismhave an eye problem called glaucomaare very anxious, tense, or agitatedhave history of drug abuseare taking or have taken within the past 14 days an anti-depression medicine called monoamine oxidase inhibitor or MAOIis sensitive to, allergic to, or had reaction to other stimulant medicines Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules have not been studied in children less than years old.Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may not be right for you or your child. Before starting dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules tell your or you childs doctor about all health conditions (or family history of) including if you or your child:have heart problems, heart defects, or high blood pressurehave mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness, or depressionhave tics or Tourettes syndromehave liver problems have kidney problemshave end stage renal disease (ESRD)have thyroid problemshave seizures or have had an abnormal brain wave test (EEG)have circulation problems in fingers and toesare pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules will harm your unborn baby.There is pregnancy registry for females who are exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during pregnancy. The purpose of the registry is to collect information about the health of females exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and their baby. If you or your child becomes pregnant during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry of Psychostimulants at 1-866-961-2388 or visit online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical -and -researchprograms/pregnancyregistry/othermedic ations/.are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate passes into breast milk. You or your child should not breastfeed during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.Can dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules be taken with other medicinesTell your doctor about all of the medicines that you or your child takes including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be adjusted while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.Your doctor will decide whether dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules can be taken with other medicines.Especially tell your doctor if you or your child takes:anti-depression medicines including MAOIsanti-psychotic medicineslithiumnarcotic pain medicinesseizure medicinesblood thinner medicinesblood pressure medicinesstomach acid medicinescold or allergy medicines that contain decongestantsKnow the medicines that you or your child takes. Keep list of your medicines with you to show your doctor and pharmacist.Do not start any new medicine while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules without talking to your doctor first.How should dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules be takenTake dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules exactly as prescribed. Your doctor may adjust the dose until it is right for you or your child.Take dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules once day in the morning when you first wake up. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are an extended-release capsule. It releases medicine into your body throughout the day.Swallow dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules whole with water or other liquids. If you or your child cannot swallow the capsule, open it and sprinkle the medicine over spoonful of applesauce. Swallow all of the applesauce and medicine mixture without chewing immediately. Follow with drink of water or other liquid. Never chew or crush the capsule or the medicine inside the capsule. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules can be taken with or without food.From time to time, your doctor may stop dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment for while to check ADHD symptoms.Your doctor may do regular checks of the heart and blood pressure while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Children should have their height and weight checked often while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment may be stopped if problem is found during these check-ups.If you or your child takes too much dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules or overdoses, call your doctor or poison control center right away, or get emergency treatment.What are possible side effects of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesSee What is the most important information should know about dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for information on reported heart and mental problems.Other serious side effects include:slowing of growth (height and weight) in childrenseizures, mainly in patients with history of seizureseyesight changes or blurred visionCommon side effects include:headache stomach achetrouble sleepingweight lossdry mouthfast heart beatdecreased appetitenervousnessmood swingsdizzinessDextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules may affect you or your childs ability to drive or do other dangerous activities.Talk to your doctor if you or your child has side effects that are bothersome or do not go away.This is not complete list of possible side effects. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.How should store dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesStore dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in safe place at room temperature, 68F to 77F (20C to 25C).Keep dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesMedicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in Medication Guide. Do not use dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules to other people, even if they have the same condition. It may harm them and it is against the law.This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules that was written for healthcare professionals. For more information, you may also contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472.What are the ingredients in dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsulesActive Ingredients: dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, USP, amphetamine sulfate, USPInactive Ingredients: corn starch, hypromellose type 2910/3 cP, cP, cP and 50 cP, methacrylic acid copolymer type C, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol/macrogol, red iron oxide, sucrose, talc, titanium dioxide, triacetin, triethyl citrate, and yellow iron oxide. The capsule shells contain gelatin and titanium dioxide. The mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg capsule shells also contain FD&C Blue No. 1. The 20 mg, 25 mg and 30 mg capsule shells also contain black iron oxide, red iron oxide, and yellow iron oxide. Additionally, the capsule imprint ink contains shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide, and potassium hydroxide.This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Distributed by:Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLCBridgewater, NJ 08807Rev. 12-2021-02Dispense with Medication Guide available at:documents.amneal.com/mg/amphetamine-salts-er-cap.pdf sudden death in patients who have heart problems or heart defects. stroke and heart attack in adults. increased blood pressure and heart rate. new or worse behavior and thought problems. new or worse bipolar illness. new or worse aggressive behavior or hostility. new psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices, believing things that are not true, are suspicious) or new manic symptoms. Fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful. Fingers or toes may change from pale, to blue, to red. have heart disease or hardening of the arteries. have moderate to severe high blood pressure. have hyperthyroidism. have an eye problem called glaucoma. are very anxious, tense, or agitated. have history of drug abuse. are taking or have taken within the past 14 days an anti-depression medicine called monoamine oxidase inhibitor or MAOI. is sensitive to, allergic to, or had reaction to other stimulant medicines. have heart problems, heart defects, or high blood pressure. have mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness, or depression. have tics or Tourettes syndrome. have liver problems have kidney problems. have end stage renal disease (ESRD). have thyroid problems. have seizures or have had an abnormal brain wave test (EEG). have circulation problems in fingers and toes. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules will harm your unborn baby.. There is pregnancy registry for females who are exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during pregnancy. The purpose of the registry is to collect information about the health of females exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and their baby. If you or your child becomes pregnant during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry of Psychostimulants at 1-866-961-2388 or visit online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical -and -researchprograms/pregnancyregistry/othermedic ations/.. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate passes into breast milk. You or your child should not breastfeed during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.. anti-depression medicines including MAOIs. anti-psychotic medicines. lithium. narcotic pain medicines. seizure medicines. blood thinner medicines. blood pressure medicines. stomach acid medicines. cold or allergy medicines that contain decongestants. Take dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules exactly as prescribed. Your doctor may adjust the dose until it is right for you or your child.. Take dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules once day in the morning when you first wake up. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are an extended-release capsule. It releases medicine into your body throughout the day.. Swallow dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules whole with water or other liquids. If you or your child cannot swallow the capsule, open it and sprinkle the medicine over spoonful of applesauce. Swallow all of the applesauce and medicine mixture without chewing immediately. Follow with drink of water or other liquid. Never chew or crush the capsule or the medicine inside the capsule. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules can be taken with or without food.. From time to time, your doctor may stop dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment for while to check ADHD symptoms.. Your doctor may do regular checks of the heart and blood pressure while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Children should have their height and weight checked often while taking dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules treatment may be stopped if problem is found during these check-ups.. If you or your child takes too much dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules or overdoses, call your doctor or poison control center right away, or get emergency treatment.. slowing of growth (height and weight) in children. seizures, mainly in patients with history of seizures. eyesight changes or blurred vision. headache stomach ache. trouble sleeping. weight loss. dry mouth. fast heart beat. decreased appetite. nervousness. mood swings. dizziness. Store dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in safe place at room temperature, 68F to 77F (20C to 25C).. Keep dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and all medicines out of the reach of children.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. Pregnancy: May cause fetal harm. (8.1) Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended. (8.2) Pregnancy: May cause fetal harm. (8.1) Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended. (8.2) 8.1 Pregnancy. Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychostimulants at 1-866-961-2388 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/othermedications/.Risk Summary Available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports on use of prescription amphetamine in pregnant women have not identified drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage (see Data). Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature delivery and low birth weight, have been seen in infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations).No apparent effects on morphological development were observed in embryo-fetal development studies, with oral administration of amphetamine to rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses and 12 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day given to adolescents, on mg/m2 basis. However, in pre- and post-natal development study, amphetamine (d- to l- ratio of 3:1) administered orally to pregnant rats during gestation and lactation caused decrease in pup survival and decrease in pup body weight that correlated with delay in developmental landmarks at clinically relevant doses of amphetamine. In addition, adverse effects on reproductive performance were observed in pups whose mothers were treated with amphetamine. Long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects have also been reported in animal developmental studies using clinically relevant doses of amphetamine (see Data). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse ReactionsAmphetamines, such as dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, cause vasoconstriction and thereby may decrease placental perfusion. In addition, amphetamines can stimulate uterine contractions, increasing the risk of premature delivery. Infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.Monitor infants born to mothers taking amphetamines for symptoms of withdrawal such as feeding difficulties, irritability, agitation, and excessive drowsiness.DataAnimal DataAmphetamine (d- to l- enantiomer ratio of 3:1) had no apparent effects on embryofetal morphological development or survival when administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits throughout the period of organogenesis at doses of up to and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses are approximately and 12 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day given to adolescents, on mg/m2 basis. Fetal malformations and death have been reported in mice following parenteral administration of d-amphetamine doses of 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 10 times the MRHD given to adolescents on mg/m2 basis) or greater to pregnant animals. Administration of these doses was also associated with severe maternal toxicity.A study was conducted in which pregnant rats received daily oral doses of amphetamine (d- to l- -enantiomer ratio of 3:1) of 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg from gestation day to lactation day 20. These doses are approximately 0.8, 2, and times the MRHD of 20 mg/day given to adolescents, on mg/m2 basis. All doses caused hyperactivity and decreased weight gain in the dams. decrease in pup survival was seen at all doses. decrease in pup body weight was seen at and 10 mg/kg which correlated with delays in developmental landmarks, such as preputial separation and vaginal opening. Increased pup locomotor activity was seen at 10 mg/kg on day 22 postpartum but not at weeks postweaning. When pups were tested for reproductive performance at maturation, gestational weight gain, number of implantations, and number of delivered pups were decreased in the group whose mothers had been given 10 mg/kg.A number of studies from the literature in rodents indicate that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to amphetamine (d- or d, l-) at doses similar to those used clinically can result in long-term neurochemical and behavioral alterations. Reported behavioral effects include learning and memory deficits, altered locomotor activity, and changes in sexual function.. 8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryBased on limited case reports in published literature, amphetamine (d- or d, l-) is present in human milk, at relative infant doses of 2% to 13.8% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and milk/plasma ratio ranging between 1.9 and 7.5. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from amphetamine exposure are unknown. It is possible that large dosages of amphetamine might interfere with milk production, especially in women whose lactation is not well established. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated for use in children years of age and older.The safety and efficacy of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in children under years of age have not been studied. Long-term effects of amphetamines in children have not been well established.Long-Term Growth SuppressionGrowth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, and pediatric patients aged to 17 years who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data Juvenile rats treated with mixed amphetamine salts early in the postnatal period through sexual maturation demonstrated transient changes in motor activity. Learning and memory was impaired at approximately times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) given to children on mg/m2 basis. No recovery was seen following drug free period. delay in sexual maturation was observed at dose approximately times the MRHD given to children on mg/m2 basis, although there was no effect on fertility. In juvenile developmental study, rats received daily oral doses of amphetamine (d to enantiomer ratio of 3:1) of 2, 6, or 20 mg/kg on days to 13 of age; from day 14 to approximately day 60 of age these doses were given b.i.d. for total daily doses of 4, 12, or 40 mg/kg. The latter doses are approximately 0.6, 2, and times the MRHD of 30 mg/day, given to children on mg/m2 basis. Post dosing hyperactivity was seen at all doses; motor activity measured prior to the daily dose was decreased during the dosing period but the decreased motor activity was largely absent after an 18 day drug-free recovery period. Performance in the Morris water maze test for learning and memory was impaired at the 40 mg/kg dose, and sporadically at the lower doses, when measured prior to the daily dose during the treatment period; no recovery was seen after 19 day drug-free period. delay in the developmental milestones of vaginal opening and preputial separation was seen at 40 mg/kg but there was no effect on fertility.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules have not been studied in the geriatric population.. 8.6 Renal Impairment. Due to reduced clearance of amphetamines in patients with severe renal impairment (GFR 15 to <30 mL/min/1.73m2), the recommended dose should be reduced. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are not recommended in patients with ESRD (GFR 15 mL/min/1.73m2) [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. d-Amphetamine is not dialyzable.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Serious Cardiovascular Reactions: Sudden death has been reported with usual doses of CNS stimulants in children and adolescents with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems; sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking CNS stimulants at usual doses. Stimulant drugs should not be used in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, coronary artery disease, or other serious heart problems. (5.1)Increase in Blood Pressure: Monitor blood pressure and pulse at appropriate intervals. Use with caution in patients for whom blood pressure increases may be problematic. (5.2)Psychiatric Adverse Events: Stimulants may cause treatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms in patients with no prior history, or exacerbation of symptoms in patients with pre-existing psychosis. Evaluate for bipolar disorder prior to stimulant use. Monitor for aggressive behavior. (5.3)Long-Term Suppression of Growth: Monitor height and weight at appropriate intervals. (5.4)Seizures: May lower the convulsive threshold. Discontinue in the presence of seizures. (5.5)Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon: Stimulants used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants. (5.6)Serotonin Syndrome: Increased risk when co-administered with serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), but also during overdosage situations. If it occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and initiate supportive treatment. (4, 5.7, 10)Visual Disturbance: Difficulties with accommodation and blurring of vision have been reported with stimulant treatment. (5.8)Tics: May exacerbate tics. Evaluate for tics and Tourettes syndrome prior to stimulant administration. (5.9). Serious Cardiovascular Reactions: Sudden death has been reported with usual doses of CNS stimulants in children and adolescents with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems; sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking CNS stimulants at usual doses. Stimulant drugs should not be used in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, coronary artery disease, or other serious heart problems. (5.1). Increase in Blood Pressure: Monitor blood pressure and pulse at appropriate intervals. Use with caution in patients for whom blood pressure increases may be problematic. (5.2). Psychiatric Adverse Events: Stimulants may cause treatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms in patients with no prior history, or exacerbation of symptoms in patients with pre-existing psychosis. Evaluate for bipolar disorder prior to stimulant use. Monitor for aggressive behavior. (5.3). Long-Term Suppression of Growth: Monitor height and weight at appropriate intervals. (5.4). Seizures: May lower the convulsive threshold. Discontinue in the presence of seizures. (5.5). Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon: Stimulants used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants. (5.6). Serotonin Syndrome: Increased risk when co-administered with serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), but also during overdosage situations. If it occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and initiate supportive treatment. (4, 5.7, 10). Visual Disturbance: Difficulties with accommodation and blurring of vision have been reported with stimulant treatment. (5.8). Tics: May exacerbate tics. Evaluate for tics and Tourettes syndrome prior to stimulant administration. (5.9). 5.1 Potential for Abuse and Dependence. CNS stimulants, including dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, other amphetamine-containing products, and methylphenidate, have high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing, and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy [see Boxed Warning, Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.2 9.3)].. 5.2 Serious Cardiovascular Reactions. Sudden Death and Pre-existing Structural Cardiac Abnormalities or Other Serious Heart ProblemsChildren and AdolescentsSudden death has been reported in association with CNS stimulant treatment at usual doses in children and adolescents with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems. Although some serious heart problems alone carry an increased risk of sudden death, stimulant products generally should not be used in children or adolescents with known serious structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or other serious cardiac problems that may place them at increased vulnerability to the sympathomimetic effects of stimulant drug [see Contraindications (4)]. AdultsSudden deaths, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking stimulant drugs at usual doses for ADHD. Although the role of stimulants in these adult cases is also unknown, adults have greater likelihood than children of having serious structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac problems. Adults with such abnormalities should also generally not be treated with stimulant drugs [see Contraindications (4)]. Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular ConditionsStimulant medications cause modest increase in average blood pressure (about mmHg to mmHg) and average heart rate (about bpm to bpm), and individuals may have larger increases. While the mean changes alone would not be expected to have short-term consequences, all patients should be monitored for larger changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Caution is indicated in treating patients whose underlying medical conditions might be compromised by increases in blood pressure or heart rate, e.g., those with pre-existing hypertension, heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, or ventricular arrhythmia [see Contraindications (4) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. Assessing Cardiovascular Status in Patients being Treated with Stimulant MedicationsChildren, adolescents, or adults who are being considered for treatment with stimulant medications should have careful history (including assessment for family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia) and physical exam to assess for the presence of cardiac disease, and should receive further cardiac evaluation if findings suggest such disease (e.g., electrocardiogram and echocardiogram). Patients who develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease during stimulant treatment should undergo prompt cardiac evaluation.. 5.3 Psychiatric Adverse Events. Pre-Existing PsychosisAdministration of stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with pre-existing psychotic disorder.Bipolar IllnessParticular care should be taken in using stimulants to treat ADHD patients with comorbid bipolar disorder because of concern for possible induction of mixed/manic episode in such patients. Prior to initiating treatment with stimulant, patients with comorbid depressive symptoms should be adequately screened to determine if they are at risk for bipolar disorder; such screening should include detailed psychiatric history, including family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression.Emergence of New Psychotic or Manic SymptomsTreatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania in children and adolescents without prior history of psychotic illness or mania can be caused by stimulants at usual doses. If such symptoms occur, consideration should be given to possible causal role of the stimulant, and discontinuation of treatment may be appropriate. In pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies, such symptoms occurred in about 0.1% (4 patients with events out of 3,482 exposed to methylphenidate or amphetamine for several weeks at usual doses) of stimulant-treated patients compared to in placebo-treated patients.AggressionAggressive behavior or hostility is often observed in children and adolescents with ADHD, and has been reported in clinical trials and the postmarketing experience of some medications indicated for the treatment of ADHD. Although there is no systematic evidence that stimulants cause aggressive behavior or hostility, patients beginning treatment for ADHD should be monitored for the appearance of or worsening of aggressive behavior or hostility.. 5.4 Long-Term Suppression of Growth. Monitor growth in children during treatment with stimulants. Patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted.Careful follow-up of weight and height in children ages to 10 years who were randomized to either methylphenidate or non-medication treatment groups over 14 months, as well as in naturalistic subgroups of newly methylphenidate-treated and non-medication treated children over 36 months (to the ages of 10 to 13 years), suggests that consistently medicated children (i.e. treatment for days per week throughout the year) have temporary slowing in growth rate (on average, total of about cm less growth in height and 2.7 kg less growth in weight over years), without evidence of growth rebound during this period of development.In controlled trial of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in adolescents, mean weight change from baseline within the initial weeks of therapy was -1.1 lbs. and -2.8 lbs., respectively, for patients receiving 10 mg and 20 mg dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Higher doses were associated with greater weight loss within the initial weeks of treatment. Chronic use of amphetamines can be expected to cause similar suppression of growth.. 5.5 Seizures. There is some clinical evidence that stimulants may lower the convulsive threshold in patients with prior history of seizures, in patients with prior EEG abnormalities in the absence of seizures, and very rarely, in patients without history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the presence of seizures, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be discontinued.. 5.6 Peripheral Vasculopathy, including RaynaudsPhenomenon. Stimulants, including dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynauds phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improve after reduction in dose or discontinuation of drug. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients.. 5.7 Serotonin Syndrome. Serotonin syndrome, potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as MAOIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. Johns Wort [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Amphetamines and amphetamine derivatives are known to be metabolized, to some degree, by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and display minor inhibition of CYP2D6 metabolism [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The potential for pharmacokinetic interaction exists with the co-administration of CYP2D6 inhibitors which may increase the risk with increased exposure to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. In these situations, consider an alternative non-serotonergic drug or an alternative drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).Concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with MAOI drugs is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4)].Discontinue treatment with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if symptoms of serotonin syndrome occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. Concomitant use of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with other serotonergic drugs or CYP2D6 inhibitors should be used only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. If clinically warranted, consider initiating dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with lower doses, monitoring patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome during drug initiation or titration, and informing patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome.. 5.8 Visual Disturbance. Difficulties with accommodation and blurring of vision have been reported with stimulant treatment.. 5.9 Tics. Amphetamines have been reported to exacerbate motor and phonic tics and Tourettes syndrome. Therefore, clinical evaluation for tics and Tourettes syndrome in patients and their families should precede use of stimulant medications.. 5.10 Prescribing and Dispensing. The least amount of amphetamine feasible should be prescribed or dispensed at one time in order to minimize the possibility of overdosage. Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be used with caution in patients who use other sympathomimetic drugs.