ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. NAGS deficiency Most common adverse reactions (>=13%) are vomiting, abdominal pain, pyrexia, tonsillitis, anemia, diarrhea, ear infection, infections, nasopharyngitis, hemoglobin decreased, and headache. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Navinta LLC at 1-609-883-1135, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.. NAGS deficiency Most common adverse reactions (>=13%) are vomiting, abdominal pain, pyrexia, tonsillitis, anemia, diarrhea, ear infection, infections, nasopharyngitis, hemoglobin decreased, and headache. (6.1) 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.Acute and Chronic Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency In retrospective case series of 23 NAGS deficiency patients treated with Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, 17 of the 23 patients reported any adverse reaction. The most common adverse reactions (occurring in >= 13% of patients) were vomiting, abdominal pain, pyrexia, tonsillitis, anemia, diarrhea, ear infection, infections, nasopharyngitis, hemoglobin decreased, and headache. Table summarizes adverse reactions occurring in or more patients with NAGS deficiency treated with carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in the retrospective case series (>= 9%). Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in >= Patients with NAGS deficiency Treated with Carglumic Acid Tablets for Oral Suspension in the Retrospective Case Series Adverse Reaction Number of Patients (N) (%) Vomiting (26) Abdominal pain (17) Pyrexia (17) Tonsillitis (17) Anemia (13) Diarrhea (13) Ear infection (13) Infections (13) Nasopharyngitis (13) Hemoglobin decreased (13) Headache (13) Dysgeusia (9) Asthenia (9) Hyperhidrosis (9) Influenza (9) Pneumonia (9) Weight decreased (9) Anorexia (9) Somnolence (9) Rash (9) 6.2 Postmarketing Experience. The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or to establish causal relationship to drug exposure. Psychiatric disorders: mania Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: pruritus, rash including rash erythematous, rash maculopapular, rash pustular.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. The carcinogenic potential of carglumic acid was assessed in 2-year carcinogenicity study in rats. Carglumic acid was not tumorigenic at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately 34 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC).Carglumic acid was negative in the Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes, and the in vivo micronucleus assay in rats.There were no effects on fertility or reproductive performance in female rats at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC). In separate study, mating and fertility were unaffected in male rats at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately 34 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC).

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Carglumic acid is synthetic structural analogue of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) which is produced from glutamate and acetyl-CoA in reaction catalyzed by N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS), mitochondrial liver enzyme. NAG acts as an essential allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS 1), mitochondrial liver enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction of the urea cycle. The urea cycle, whose role is the disposition of ammonia, includes series of biochemical reactions in the liver resulting in the conversion of ammonia into urea, which is then excreted through the urine. Carglumic acid acts as CPS1 activator, improves or restores the function of the urea cycle, and facilitates ammonia detoxification and urea production.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. In retrospective review of the clinical course in 23 patients with NAGS deficiency, carglumic acid reduced plasma ammonia levels within 24 hours when administered with and without concomitant ammonia lowering therapies. No dose-response relationship has been identified.Cardiac ElectrophysiologyThe effect of carglumic acid was evaluated in Phase 1, randomized study in 76 healthy volunteers. The study suggests lack of clinically relevant QT prolongation effect at the highest therapeutic dose level (250 mg/kg/day).. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of carglumic acid in healthy subjects following an intravenous (IV) infusion over hours at mg/kg or an oral administration at 100 mg/kg are summarized in Table 3. Table 3: Mean (SD) Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values of Carglumic Acid in Healthy Subjects Median (range); N/A, not applicable. PK parameter IV infusion mg/kg (N=10) Oral 100 mg/kg (N=12) Cmax (ng/mL) 8613 (558) 3284 (321) Tmax (hr) (1-2) (2-4) AUC (nghr/mL) 24501 (1613) 31426 (2150) T1/2 (hr) 31 (3) 25 (2) CL (L/hr/kg) 0.34 (0.02) N/A Vd (L/kg) 15 (1) N/A Absorption. Following an oral administration of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 100 mg/kg in healthy subjects, the absolute bioavailability was approximately 10%.. Distribution. Carglumic acid is not bound to plasma proteins.. Elimination. Carglumic acid is predominantly excreted by the kidneys as unchanged product.MetabolismA proportion of carglumic acid may be metabolized by the intestinal bacterial flora. The likely end product of carglumic acid metabolism is carbon dioxide, eliminated through the lungs.ExcretionFollowing an oral administration of radiolabeled carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at 100 mg/kg, 9% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine and up to 60% of the dose is recovered unchanged in the feces.. Specific Populations. Patients with Renal Impairment The pharmacokinetics of carglumic acid in subjects with renal impairment were compared with healthy subjects with normal renal function following oral administration of single dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg. The Cmax and AUC0-t of carglumic acid are summarized in Table 4. The geometric mean ratio (90% CI) of AUC0-t in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment relative to those in their matched control subjects with normal renal function were approximately 1.3 (1.01, 1.68), 2.0 (1.65, 2.54), and 4.6 (3.36, 6.34) respectively [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. Table 4: Mean (SD) Cmax and AUC0- tof Carglumic Acid Following Single Oral Dose Administration of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 80 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg in Subjects with Renal Impairment and Matched Healthy Control Subjects with Normal Renal Function Treatment groups 1a and 1b represent two separate matched control groups of healthy subjects with normal renal function. PK Parameters Normal Renal Function1a: eGFR >=90 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Mild Renal Impairment: eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Moderate Renal Impairment: eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Normal Renal Function1b: eGFR >=90 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Severe Renal Impairment: eGFR <=29 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) 80 mg/kg 40 mg/kg Cmax (ng/mL) 2983 (552) 4310 (1937) 6129 (1854) 1890 (901) 8377 (3815) AUC0-t (nghr/mL) 28313 (6204) 39545 (12109) 79766 (19708) 20212 (6186) 143075 (55910) Drug Interaction Studies. Based on in vitro studies, carglumic acid is not an inducer of CYP1A1/2, CYP2B6, CYP2C, and CYP3A4/5 enzymes, and not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4/5 enzymes.Based on in vitro studies, carglumic acid is substrate of the human OAT1 transporter. Carglumic acid is not substrate of MDR1, BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, and OCT2. Carglumic acid is not an inhibitor of human BSEP, BCRP, MDR1, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, and OCT2 transporters.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

10 OVERDOSAGE. One patient treated with 650 mg/kg/day of Carglumic acid developed symptoms resembling monosodium glutamate intoxication-like syndrome and characterized by tachycardia, profuse sweating, increased bronchial secretion, increased body temperature, and restlessness. These symptoms resolved upon reduction of dose.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. 14.1 Acute and Chronic Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency. The efficacy of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in the treatment of acute and chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency was evaluated in retrospective case series of 23 NAGS deficiency patients treated with Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension over median duration of 7.9 years (range 0.6 to 20.8 years). For acute treatment, patients received Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at 100 mg/kg/day to 250 mg/kg/day primarily administered in to divided doses. For maintenance treatment, the dosage was reduced over time based on plasma ammonia level and clinical responses.The baseline characteristics of the patient population are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Baseline Characteristics of the 23 NAGS deficiency patients Treated with Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension Patients N=23 Sex Male 14 (61%) Female (39%) Age at initiation of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension therapy (years) Mean (SD) (4) Min to Max - 13 Age groups at initiation of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension therapy <30 days (39%) >30 days 11 months (39%) >=1 13 years (22%) NAGS gene mutations by DNA testing Homozygous 14 (61%) Heterozygous (17%) Not available (22%) Patients current treatment status On-going 18 (78%) Discontinued (22%) The clinical and biochemical data in the 23-patient case series were retrospectively collected, unblinded and uncontrolled and preclude formal statistical testing. Short-term efficacy was evaluated using mean and median change in plasma ammonia levels from baseline to days to 3. Persistence of the effect was evaluated using long-term mean and median change in plasma ammonia level. Of the 23 NAGS deficiency patients in the case series, 13 patients had documented plasma ammonia levels prior to carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension treatment and after long-term treatment with carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension and were evaluable. Table summarizes the plasma ammonia levels at baseline, days to post- carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension treatment, and long-term carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension treatment (mean years) in the 13 evaluable patients.All 13 patients had increased plasma ammonia levels at baseline (mean 271 micromol/L; normal range: to 50 micromol/L). By day and with long-term treatment, normal plasma ammonia levels were attained (Table 6). Table 6: Plasma Ammonia Levels at Baseline and After Treatment with Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension Time point Patients (N 13) Ammonia level (micromol/L) Baseline (prior to first dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension) 13 Mean (SD) 271 (359) Median 157 Range 72-1428 Missing Data Day N 10 Mean (SD) 181 (358) Median 65 Range 25-1190 Missing Data Day N Mean (SD) 69 (78) Median 44 Range 11-255 Missing Data Day N Mean (SD) 27 (11) Median 25 Range 12-42 Missing Data Long-term treatment (mean duration years; median duration years; range 1-16 years based on last available value while on carglumic acid tablets for suspension treatment.) 13 Mean (SD) 23 (7) Median 24 Range 9-34 Missing Data The mean plasma ammonia level at baseline and the decline that is observed after treatment with carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in 13 evaluable patients with NAGS deficiency is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1: Mean Plasma Ammonia in 13 Evaluable NAGS Deficiency Patients at Baseline and After Treatment with carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. Image.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. None. None.

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11 DESCRIPTION. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension contain 200 mg of carglumic acid. Carglumic acid, the active substance, is carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS 1) activator and is soluble in dimethyl formamide and sparingly soluble in water.Chemically, carglumic acid is N-carbamoyl-L-glutamic acid or (2S)-2-(carbamoylamino) pentanedioic acid, with molecular weight of 190.16.The structural formula is:Molecular Formula: C6H10N2O5 The inactive ingredients of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension are croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silicon dioxide and sodium stearyl fumarate.. Image.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Acute Hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency (2.1)The recommended pediatric and adult dosage is 100 mg/kg/day to 250 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 100 mg.Chronic Hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency (2.1)The recommended pediatric and adult dosage is 10 mg/kg/day to 100 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 100 mg.Therapeutic Monitoring for NAGS Deficiency (2.1) Closely monitor plasma ammonia and titrate dosage to maintain the ammonia level within normal range for the patients age, taking into consideration their clinical condition.See Full Prescribing Information for Instructions on Dosage Adjustment in Patients with Renal Impairment (2.3)Preparation and Administration (2.4)Disperse carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in water. Do not swallow whole or crushed.Take immediately before meals or feedings.For additional instructions on preparation and administration orally or through nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube, see the full prescribing information.. The recommended pediatric and adult dosage is 100 mg/kg/day to 250 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 100 mg.. The recommended pediatric and adult dosage is 10 mg/kg/day to 100 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 100 mg.. Closely monitor plasma ammonia and titrate dosage to maintain the ammonia level within normal range for the patients age, taking into consideration their clinical condition.. Disperse carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in water. Do not swallow whole or crushed.. Take immediately before meals or feedings.. For additional instructions on preparation and administration orally or through nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube, see the full prescribing information.. 2.1 Recommended Dosage for Acute or Chronic Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency. Treatment Initiation Initiate Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension treatment as soon as the diagnosis of NAGS deficiency is suspected, which may be as soon as at birth, and managed by physician and medical team experienced in metabolic disorders. Dosage for Acute Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency The recommended daily dosage of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in pediatric and adult patients for acute hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency is 100 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg. Divide the daily dosage into to doses and round to the nearest 100 mg (i.e., half of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension). During acute hyperammonemic episodes, administer Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension with other ammonia lowering therapies, such as alternate pathway medications, hemodialysis, and protein restriction. Dosage for Chronic Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency The recommended daily dosage of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in pediatric and adult patients for chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency is 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg. Divide the daily dosage into to doses and round to the nearest 100 mg (i.e., half of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension). During maintenance therapy, the concomitant use of other ammonia lowering therapies and protein restriction may be needed based on plasma ammonia levels. Therapeutic Monitoring Closely monitor plasma ammonia levels. Titrate the Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension dosage to maintain the plasma ammonia level within the normal range for the patients age, taking into consideration their clinical condition (e.g., nutritional requirements, protein intake, growth parameters, etc.).Adjust the recommended dosage in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].. 2.3 Dosage Adjustment in Patients with Renal Impairment. No dosage adjustment is warranted in patients with mild renal impairment (eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2). The recommended dosage of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment is shown below. Moderate Renal Impairment (eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2) Severe Renal Impairment (eGFR <=29 mL/min/1.73 m2) Acute Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency 50 mg/kg/day to 125 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 50 mg (i.e., one-quarter of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension) 15 mg/kg/day to 60 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 50 mg (i.e., one-quarter of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension) Chronic Hyperammonemia due to NAGS Deficiency mg/kg/day to 50 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 50 mg (i.e., one-quarter of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension) mg/kg/day to 25 mg/kg/day divided into to doses and rounded to the nearest 50 mg (i.e., one-quarter of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension) 2.4 Preparation and Administration. OverviewDisperse carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in water. Do not swallow whole or crushed.Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water, and undissolved particles of the tablet may remain in the mixing container.Take carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension immediately before meals or feedings.The carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension has slightly acidic taste.For all preparations, use in foods or liquids other than water has not been studied and is not recommended.. Disperse carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in water. Do not swallow whole or crushed.. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water, and undissolved particles of the tablet may remain in the mixing container.. Take carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension immediately before meals or feedings.. The carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension has slightly acidic taste.. For all preparations, use in foods or liquids other than water has not been studied and is not recommended.. Oral Administration. For oral administration, administer Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension as follows:Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension needed for the prescribed dose.Add the carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension to the water in the cup.Carefully stir the tablet and water mixture.Swallow the mixture immediately. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the cup.Rinse the cup with additional water and swallow the mixture immediately. Repeat as needed until no pieces of the tablet are left in the cup.. Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension needed for the prescribed dose.. Add the carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension to the water in the cup.. Carefully stir the tablet and water mixture.. Swallow the mixture immediately. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the cup.. Rinse the cup with additional water and swallow the mixture immediately. Repeat as needed until no pieces of the tablet are left in the cup.. Use of an Oral Syringe for Oral Administration. For administration via an oral syringe, administer Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension as follows:Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each Carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension or each 1/2 or 1/4 Carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension needed for the prescribed dose.Add the Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension to the water in the cup.Carefully stir the tablet and water mixture.Draw up the mixture in an oral syringe and administer immediately. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the oral syringe.Refill the oral syringe with minimum volume of water (1 mL to mL) and administer immediately.Flush the oral syringe again, as needed, until no pieces of the tablet are left in the syringe.. Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each Carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension or each 1/2 or 1/4 Carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension needed for the prescribed dose.. Add the Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension to the water in the cup.. Carefully stir the tablet and water mixture.. Draw up the mixture in an oral syringe and administer immediately. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the oral syringe.. Refill the oral syringe with minimum volume of water (1 mL to mL) and administer immediately.. Flush the oral syringe again, as needed, until no pieces of the tablet are left in the syringe.. Use of Nasogastric Tube (NG Tube) or Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube) for Feeding Tube Administration. For patients who have NG tube or G-tube in place, administer carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension as follows:Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension needed for the prescribed dose.Add the carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension to the water in the cup.Carefully stir the tablet and water mixture.Draw up the mixture into catheter-tip syringe.Administer the mixture immediately through the NG tube or G-tube. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the catheter-tip syringe or the feeding tube.Flush immediately with to mL of additional water to clear the NG tube or G-tube.Flush the NG tube or G-tube again, as needed, until no pieces of the tablet are left in the syringe or the feeding tube.. Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension needed for the prescribed dose.. Add the carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension to the water in the cup.. Carefully stir the tablet and water mixture.. Draw up the mixture into catheter-tip syringe.. Administer the mixture immediately through the NG tube or G-tube. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the catheter-tip syringe or the feeding tube.. Flush immediately with to mL of additional water to clear the NG tube or G-tube.. Flush the NG tube or G-tube again, as needed, until no pieces of the tablet are left in the syringe or the feeding tube.

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 200 mg are white to off-white elongated tablets, functionally scored with lines for splitting into equal portions, and engraved Ns on one side. Tablets for oral suspension: 200 mg, functionally scored (3).

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.5 Geriatric Use. Clinical studies of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension did not include patients 65 years of age and older.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. How SuppliedCarglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 200 mg are white to off-white elongated tablets, functionally scored with lines for splitting into equal portions, and engraved Ns on one side.Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension are available in or 60 tablets in high density polyethylene bottle with child resistant polypropylene cap and desiccant unit.NDC 68475-006-01 Bottles of tabletsNDC 68475-006-02 Bottles of 60 tablets StorageStore at 20 to 25C (68F to 77F); excursions permitted to 15C to 30C (59F to 86F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].After first opening of the container:Do not refrigerate. Store at room temperature between 15C and 30C (59F and 86F).Keep the container tightly closed between openings in order to protect from moisture.Write the date of opening on the tablet container.Do not use after the expiration date stated on the tablet container.Discard one month after first opening.. Do not refrigerate. Store at room temperature between 15C and 30C (59F and 86F).. Keep the container tightly closed between openings in order to protect from moisture.. Write the date of opening on the tablet container.. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the tablet container.. Discard one month after first opening.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension is carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS 1) activator indicated in pediatric and adult patients as:Adjunctive therapy to standard of care for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency. (1.1)Maintenance therapy for the treatment of chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency. (1.1). Adjunctive therapy to standard of care for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency. (1.1). Maintenance therapy for the treatment of chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency. (1.1). 1.1 Acute and Chronic Hyperammonemia due to N-acetylglutamate Synthase (NAGS) Deficiency. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension is indicated in pediatric and adult patients as: Adjunctive therapy to standard of care for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency. Maintenance therapy for the treatment of chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Instructions for Use). Instruct the patient on the following:Preparation and Administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)] Disperse carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in water. Do not swallow whole or crushed.Take carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension immediately before meals or feedings.Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension dispersed in water can be administered orally or via nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube, as described in the Instructions for Use .Storage [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)] Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F); excursions permitted to 15 to 30C (59 to 86F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]After first opening of the container: Do not refrigerate. Store at room temperature between 20 to 25C (68 to 77F). Keep the container tightly closed in order to protect from moisture. Write the date of opening on the tablet container.Discard one month after first opening. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the tablet container.Manufactured for:Navinta LLC1499 lower Ferry Road, Ewing, NJ 08618Revised: 06/202231230622R0INSTRUCTIONS FOR USECarglumic Acid Tablets for Oral Suspension Important information:Carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension must be mixed in water before taking. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension should not be mixed in any other food or liquid.Do not swallow carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension whole.Do not crush carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension.Take carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension right before meals or feedings.The carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture has slightly sour taste.You may need to ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for medicine cup to measure the correct amount of water you will need to prepare the dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension.The Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension has lines used for splitting the tablet into equal parts in order to get the prescribed dose. Ask your healthcare provider if you have any questions about how to split the tablet the right way or have any questions about the prescribed dose. Taking carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension by mouth using cup:Children and AdultsAdd minimum 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, needed for the prescribed dose. For example:If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension Place the prescribed number of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension into the water in the cup.Carefully stir the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup to avoid spilling the mixture. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water.Swallow the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture right away.Pieces of the tablet may remain in the cup. Add more water to the cup to rinse the cup and swallow the mixture right away.Repeat step until there are no pieces of the tablet left in the cup.Taking carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension by mouth using an oral syringe:ChildrenAdd minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, needed for the prescribed dose. For Example:If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. Place the prescribed number of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension into the water in the cup.Carefully stir the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup to avoid spilling the mixture. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water.Draw up all of the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup into an oral syringe.Give your child the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture right away by placing the tip of the oral syringe along the inner cheek of their mouth, on either the right or left side. Slowly push all the way down on the plunger to give the medicine.Pieces of the tablet may remain in the oral syringe. Refill the oral syringe with minimum of mL to mL of water, and give your child the mixture right away.Repeat step until there are no pieces of the tablet left in the oral syringe.Giving carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension through nasogastric (NG) tube or gastrostomy tube (G-tube):Children and AdultsAdd minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, needed for the prescribed dose. For example:If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. Place the prescribed number of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension into the water in the cup.Carefully stir the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup to avoid spilling the mixture. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water.Draw up all of the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup into catheter-tip syringe.Connect the catheter-tip syringe to the NG tube or G-tube.Give the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture through the NG tube or G-tube right away.Pieces of the tablet may remain in the catheter-tip syringe or NG tube or G-tube.Refill the catheter-tip syringe with mL to mL of water and flush the NG tube or G-tube right away.Repeat step until there are no pieces of the tablet left in the catheter-tip syringe or NG tube or G-tube.How should store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspensionBefore opening, store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at controlled room temperature between 68F to 77F (20C to 25C) in the container it comes in.After opening, store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at room temperature between 59F to 86F (15C to 30C). Do not store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in refrigerator.Keep carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in tightly closed container to protect the tablets from moisture.Write the date the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension container is opened on the container label. Throw away any unused tablets one month after opening the tablet container. Do not use carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension after the expiration date on the tablet container.Keep carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension and all medicines out of the reach of children.This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Manufactured for:Navinta LLC1499 lower Ferry Road, Ewing, NJ 08618Revised: 06/202231230622R0. Disperse carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in water. Do not swallow whole or crushed.. Take carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension immediately before meals or feedings.. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension dispersed in water can be administered orally or via nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube, as described in the Instructions for Use .. Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F); excursions permitted to 15 to 30C (59 to 86F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. After first opening of the container: Do not refrigerate. Store at room temperature between 20 to 25C (68 to 77F). Keep the container tightly closed in order to protect from moisture. Write the date of opening on the tablet container.. Discard one month after first opening. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the tablet container.. Carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension must be mixed in water before taking. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension should not be mixed in any other food or liquid.. Do not swallow carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension whole.. Do not crush carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension.. Take carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension right before meals or feedings.. The carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture has slightly sour taste.. Add minimum 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, needed for the prescribed dose. For example:If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.. If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.. If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.. Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. Place the prescribed number of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension into the water in the cup.. Carefully stir the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup to avoid spilling the mixture. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water.. Swallow the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture right away.. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the cup. Add more water to the cup to rinse the cup and swallow the mixture right away.. Repeat step until there are no pieces of the tablet left in the cup.. Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, needed for the prescribed dose. For Example:If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.. If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.. If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.. Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension.. Place the prescribed number of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension into the water in the cup.. Carefully stir the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup to avoid spilling the mixture. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water.. Draw up all of the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup into an oral syringe.. Give your child the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture right away by placing the tip of the oral syringe along the inner cheek of their mouth, on either the right or left side. Slowly push all the way down on the plunger to give the medicine.. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the oral syringe. Refill the oral syringe with minimum of mL to mL of water, and give your child the mixture right away.. Repeat step until there are no pieces of the tablet left in the oral syringe.. Add minimum of 2.5 mL of water into small cup for each carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, or each 1/2 or 1/4 carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension, needed for the prescribed dose. For example:If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. If the prescribed dose is carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of mL of water into the cup.. If the prescribed dose is and 1/4 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.. If the prescribed dose is and 1/2 carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension, add minimum of 7.5 mL of water into the cup.. Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure of how much water you should use for the prescribed dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension.. Place the prescribed number of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension into the water in the cup.. Carefully stir the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup to avoid spilling the mixture. Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension do not dissolve completely in water.. Draw up all of the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture in the cup into catheter-tip syringe.. Connect the catheter-tip syringe to the NG tube or G-tube.. Give the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension and water mixture through the NG tube or G-tube right away.. Pieces of the tablet may remain in the catheter-tip syringe or NG tube or G-tube.. Refill the catheter-tip syringe with mL to mL of water and flush the NG tube or G-tube right away.. Repeat step until there are no pieces of the tablet left in the catheter-tip syringe or NG tube or G-tube.. Before opening, store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at controlled room temperature between 68F to 77F (20C to 25C) in the container it comes in.. After opening, store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at room temperature between 59F to 86F (15C to 30C). Do not store carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in refrigerator.Keep carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in tightly closed container to protect the tablets from moisture.Write the date the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension container is opened on the container label. Throw away any unused tablets one month after opening the tablet container. Keep carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension in tightly closed container to protect the tablets from moisture.. Write the date the carglumic acid tablet for oral suspension container is opened on the container label. Throw away any unused tablets one month after opening the tablet container.. Do not use carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension after the expiration date on the tablet container.. Keep carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension and all medicines out of the reach of children.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. Carglumic acid is synthetic structural analogue of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) which is produced from glutamate and acetyl-CoA in reaction catalyzed by N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS), mitochondrial liver enzyme. NAG acts as an essential allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS 1), mitochondrial liver enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction of the urea cycle. The urea cycle, whose role is the disposition of ammonia, includes series of biochemical reactions in the liver resulting in the conversion of ammonia into urea, which is then excreted through the urine. Carglumic acid acts as CPS1 activator, improves or restores the function of the urea cycle, and facilitates ammonia detoxification and urea production.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. The carcinogenic potential of carglumic acid was assessed in 2-year carcinogenicity study in rats. Carglumic acid was not tumorigenic at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately 34 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC).Carglumic acid was negative in the Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes, and the in vivo micronucleus assay in rats.There were no effects on fertility or reproductive performance in female rats at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC). In separate study, mating and fertility were unaffected in male rats at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately 34 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC).

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. Bottle label 5 Tablets in BottleNDC 68475-006-01Carglumic AcidTablets for OralSuspension200 mgStore at 20 to 25C (68F to 77F); excursions permitted between 15C and 30C (59F and 86F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].5 TabletsRx onlyNavinta LLCCarton label 5 Tablets in BottleNDC 68475-006-01Carglumic AcidTablets for OralSuspension200 mgDisperse Carglumic Acid Tablets in water.Do not swallow whole or crushed.5 TabletsRx onlyNavinta LLCBottle label 60 Tablets in BottleNDC 68475-006-02Carglumic AcidTablets for OralSuspension200 mgStore at 20 to 25C (68F to 77F); excursions permitted between 15C and 30C (59F and 86F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].60 TabletsRx onlyNavinta LLCCarton label 60 Tablets in BottleNDC 68475-006-02Carglumic AcidTablets for OralSuspension200 mgDisperse Carglumic Acid Tablets in water.Do not swallow whole or crushed.60 TabletsRx onlyNavinta LLC. 1. 2. 3. 4.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.4 Pediatric Use. The safety and effectiveness of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension for the treatment of pediatric patients (birth to 17 years of age) with acute or chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency have been established, and the information on these uses are discussed throughout the labeling. There are insufficient data to determine if there is difference in clinical or biochemical responses between adult and pediatric patients treated with Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension.

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. In retrospective review of the clinical course in 23 patients with NAGS deficiency, carglumic acid reduced plasma ammonia levels within 24 hours when administered with and without concomitant ammonia lowering therapies. No dose-response relationship has been identified.Cardiac ElectrophysiologyThe effect of carglumic acid was evaluated in Phase 1, randomized study in 76 healthy volunteers. The study suggests lack of clinically relevant QT prolongation effect at the highest therapeutic dose level (250 mg/kg/day).

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of carglumic acid in healthy subjects following an intravenous (IV) infusion over hours at mg/kg or an oral administration at 100 mg/kg are summarized in Table 3. Table 3: Mean (SD) Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values of Carglumic Acid in Healthy Subjects Median (range); N/A, not applicable. PK parameter IV infusion mg/kg (N=10) Oral 100 mg/kg (N=12) Cmax (ng/mL) 8613 (558) 3284 (321) Tmax (hr) (1-2) (2-4) AUC (nghr/mL) 24501 (1613) 31426 (2150) T1/2 (hr) 31 (3) 25 (2) CL (L/hr/kg) 0.34 (0.02) N/A Vd (L/kg) 15 (1) N/A Absorption. Following an oral administration of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 100 mg/kg in healthy subjects, the absolute bioavailability was approximately 10%.. Distribution. Carglumic acid is not bound to plasma proteins.. Elimination. Carglumic acid is predominantly excreted by the kidneys as unchanged product.MetabolismA proportion of carglumic acid may be metabolized by the intestinal bacterial flora. The likely end product of carglumic acid metabolism is carbon dioxide, eliminated through the lungs.ExcretionFollowing an oral administration of radiolabeled carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension at 100 mg/kg, 9% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine and up to 60% of the dose is recovered unchanged in the feces.. Specific Populations. Patients with Renal Impairment The pharmacokinetics of carglumic acid in subjects with renal impairment were compared with healthy subjects with normal renal function following oral administration of single dose of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg. The Cmax and AUC0-t of carglumic acid are summarized in Table 4. The geometric mean ratio (90% CI) of AUC0-t in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment relative to those in their matched control subjects with normal renal function were approximately 1.3 (1.01, 1.68), 2.0 (1.65, 2.54), and 4.6 (3.36, 6.34) respectively [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. Table 4: Mean (SD) Cmax and AUC0- tof Carglumic Acid Following Single Oral Dose Administration of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension 80 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg in Subjects with Renal Impairment and Matched Healthy Control Subjects with Normal Renal Function Treatment groups 1a and 1b represent two separate matched control groups of healthy subjects with normal renal function. PK Parameters Normal Renal Function1a: eGFR >=90 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Mild Renal Impairment: eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Moderate Renal Impairment: eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Normal Renal Function1b: eGFR >=90 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) Severe Renal Impairment: eGFR <=29 mL/min/1.73m2 (N=8) 80 mg/kg 40 mg/kg Cmax (ng/mL) 2983 (552) 4310 (1937) 6129 (1854) 1890 (901) 8377 (3815) AUC0-t (nghr/mL) 28313 (6204) 39545 (12109) 79766 (19708) 20212 (6186) 143075 (55910) Drug Interaction Studies. Based on in vitro studies, carglumic acid is not an inducer of CYP1A1/2, CYP2B6, CYP2C, and CYP3A4/5 enzymes, and not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4/5 enzymes.Based on in vitro studies, carglumic acid is substrate of the human OAT1 transporter. Carglumic acid is not substrate of MDR1, BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, and OCT2. Carglumic acid is not an inhibitor of human BSEP, BCRP, MDR1, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, and OCT2 transporters.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Risk Summary. Although rare case reports of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes, untreated NAGS deficiency can result in irreversible neurologic damage and death in pregnant women [see Clinical Considerations].In an animal reproduction study, decreased survival and growth occurred in offspring born to rats that received carglumic acid at dose approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, miscarriage, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.. Clinical Considerations. Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal riskPregnant women with urea cycle disorders may experience an increase in catabolic stress which can trigger hyperammonemic crisis both in the intrapartum and in the post-partum (3 to 14 days post-partum) periods. Maternal complications related to hyperammonemic crisis can include neurological impairment, coma and in some cases death.. Data. Animal DataNo effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in pregnant rats treated with up to 2000 mg/kg/day (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC [area under the plasma concentration-time curve]) from two weeks prior to mating through organogenesis or in pregnant rabbits treated with up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC) during organogenesis.In pre- and post-natal developmental study, female rats received oral carglumic acid from organogenesis through lactation at doses of 500 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day. Decreased growth of offspring was observed at 500 mg/kg/day and higher (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC), and reduction in offspring survival during lactation was observed at 2000 mg/kg/day (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC). No effects on physical and sexual development, learning and memory, or reproductive performance were observed through maturation of the surviving offspring at maternal doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day. The high dose (2000 mg/kg/day) produced maternal toxicity (impaired weight gain and approximately 10% mortality).

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES SECTION.

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES. Dosage and Administration, Renal Impairment (2.3) 8/2021. Dosage and Administration, Renal Impairment (2.3) 8/2021.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk Summary. Although rare case reports of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes, untreated NAGS deficiency can result in irreversible neurologic damage and death in pregnant women [see Clinical Considerations].In an animal reproduction study, decreased survival and growth occurred in offspring born to rats that received carglumic acid at dose approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, miscarriage, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.. Clinical Considerations. Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal riskPregnant women with urea cycle disorders may experience an increase in catabolic stress which can trigger hyperammonemic crisis both in the intrapartum and in the post-partum (3 to 14 days post-partum) periods. Maternal complications related to hyperammonemic crisis can include neurological impairment, coma and in some cases death.. Data. Animal DataNo effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in pregnant rats treated with up to 2000 mg/kg/day (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC [area under the plasma concentration-time curve]) from two weeks prior to mating through organogenesis or in pregnant rabbits treated with up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC) during organogenesis.In pre- and post-natal developmental study, female rats received oral carglumic acid from organogenesis through lactation at doses of 500 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day. Decreased growth of offspring was observed at 500 mg/kg/day and higher (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC), and reduction in offspring survival during lactation was observed at 2000 mg/kg/day (approximately 38 times the maximum reported human maintenance dose [100 mg/kg/day] based on AUC). No effects on physical and sexual development, learning and memory, or reproductive performance were observed through maturation of the surviving offspring at maternal doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day. The high dose (2000 mg/kg/day) produced maternal toxicity (impaired weight gain and approximately 10% mortality).. 8.2 Lactation. Risk Summary. It is not known whether carglumic acid is present in human milk. There are no available data on the effects of carglumic acid on the breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. Carglumic acid is present in milk from treated rats. When drug is present in animal milk, it is likely that the drug will be present in human milk.The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension or from the underlying maternal condition.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. The safety and effectiveness of carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension for the treatment of pediatric patients (birth to 17 years of age) with acute or chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency have been established, and the information on these uses are discussed throughout the labeling. There are insufficient data to determine if there is difference in clinical or biochemical responses between adult and pediatric patients treated with Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension. 8.5 Geriatric Use. Clinical studies of Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension did not include patients 65 years of age and older. 8.6 Renal Impairment. Plasma concentrations of carglumic acid increased in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Reduce the carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension dosage in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. The pharmacokinetics of carglumic acid have not been evaluated in patients with end stage renal disease.