ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6. ADVERSE REACTIONS. The following serious adverse reactions are described in greater detail in the Warnings and Precautions sectionHypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Clostridioides difficile-Associated diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]Neurological Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Direct Coombs Test Seroconversion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Clostridioides difficile-Associated diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Neurological Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Direct Coombs Test Seroconversion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] The most common adverse reactions occurring in >2 of adult patients and >=3% of pediatric patients are diarrhea, nausea, and rash. Additional adverse reactions that occurred in >=3% of pediatric patients include vomiting and pyrexia. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp. at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of drug cannot be compared directly to rates from clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect rates observed in practice.Adult PatientsCeftaroline fosamil for injection was evaluated in four controlled comparative Phase clinical trials (two in ABSSSI and two in CABP) which included 1,300 adult patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection (600 mg administered by IV over hour every 12h) and 1,297 patients treated with comparator (vancomycin plus aztreonam or ceftriaxone) for treatment period up to 21 days. The median age of patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection was 54 years, ranging between 18 and 99 years old. Patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection were predominantly male (63%) and Caucasian (82%).Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to DiscontinuationIn the four pooled adult Phase clinical trials, serious adverse reactions (SARs) occurred in 98/1,300 (7.5%) of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 100/1,297 (7.7%) of patients receiving comparator drugs. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse reactions occurred in 35/1,300 (2.7%) of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 48/1,297 (3.7%) of patients receiving comparator drugs with the most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation being hypersensitivity for both treatment groups at rate of 0.3% in the ceftaroline fosamil for injection group and 0.5% in comparator group.Most Common Adverse ReactionsNo adverse reactions occurred in greater than 5% of adult patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection. The most common adverse reactions occurring in 2% of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the pooled adult phase clinical trials were diarrhea, nausea, and rash.Table lists adverse reactions occurring in >= 2% of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the pooled adult Phase clinical trials.Table 6: Adverse Reactions Occurring in >= 2% of Patients Receiving Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection in the Pooled Adult Phase Clinical TrialsAdverse ReactionsPooled Phase Clinical Trials (four trials, two in ABSSSI and two in CABP)Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection (N=1,300)Pooled Comparatorsa (N=1,297)Gastrointestinal DisordersDiarrhea5 %3 %Nausea4 %4 %Constipation2 %2 %Vomiting2 %2 %Laboratory InvestigationsIncreased transaminases2%3 %Metabolism and Nutrition disordersHypokalemia2 %3 %Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue DisordersRash3%2%Vascular DisordersPhlebitis2%1%a Comparators included vancomycin gram IV every 12h plus aztreonam gram IV every 12h in the Phase ABSSSI trials, and ceftriaxone gram IV every 24h in the Phase CABP trials.Other Adverse Reactions Observed During Clinical Trials of Ceftaroline Fosamil for InjectionFollowing is list of additional adverse reactions reported by the 1,740 adult patients who received ceftaroline fosamil for injection in any clinical trial with incidences less than 2%. Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anemia, Eosinophilia, Neutropenia, ThrombocytopeniaCardiac disorders Bradycardia, PalpitationsGastrointestinal disorders Abdominal painGeneral disorders and administration site conditions PyrexiaHepatobiliary disorders HepatitisImmune system disorders Hypersensitivity, AnaphylaxisInfections and infestations Clostridioides difficile colitisMetabolism and nutrition disorders Hyperglycemia, HyperkalemiaNervous system disorders Dizziness, ConvulsionRenal and urinary disorders Renal failureSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders UrticariaPediatric PatientsCeftaroline fosamil for injection was evaluated in three clinical trials (one in ABSSSI and two in CABP) which included 257 pediatric patients months to 18 years of age treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection, and 102 patients treated with comparator agents for treatment period up to 21 days. In two trials, one in ABSSSI and one in CABP, the dose was selected to result in exposures comparable to adult exposure with 600 mg administered by IV infusion every 12h. In an additional pediatric trial in complicated CABP the dose was higher. The median age of pediatric patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection was years, ranging from months to 18 years of age. Patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection were predominantly male (55%) and Caucasian (92%).A single study enrolled 11 pediatric patients with gestational age of >=34 weeks and postnatal age of 12 days to less than months of age. The safety findings were similar to those observed in adult and pediatric patients months of age and older.Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to DiscontinuationIn the three pooled pediatric clinical trials, SARs occurred in 10/257 (4%) of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 3/102 (3%) of patients receiving comparator drugs. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse reactions occurred in 10/257 (3.9%) of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 2/102 (2%) of patients receiving comparator drugs with the most common adverse reaction leading to discontinuation being rash in 2/257 (0.8%) of patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection.Most Common Adverse ReactionsNo adverse reactions occurred in greater than 8% of pediatric patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection. The most common adverse reactions occurring in >= 3% of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the pooled pediatric clinical trials were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, pyrexia and rash. Table lists adverse reactions occurring in >= 3% of patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the pooled pediatric clinical trials.Table 7: Adverse Reactions Occurring in >= 3% of Patients Receiving Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection in the Pooled Pediatric Clinical Trials Adverse Reactions Pooled Pediatric Clinical Trials (three trials, one in ABSSSI and two in CABP)Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection (N=257)Pooled Comparatorsa (N=102)Gastrointestinal DisordersDiarrhea8 %10 %Nausea3 %1 %Vomiting5 %12 %General and Administrative Site disordersPyrexia3%2 %Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue DisordersRash7%4%a Comparators included vancomycin or cefazolin with or without aztreonam in the ABSSSI trial and ceftriaxone alone or ceftriaxone plus vancomycin in the CABP trialsFollowing is list of additional adverse reactions reported by the 257 patients who received ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the pediatric clinical trials with incidences less than 3%.Investigations Alanine aminotransferase increased, Aspartate aminotransferase increasedNervous system disorders HeadacheSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Pruritus. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in adult patients. Because these adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Agranulocytosis, leukopenia, eosinophilic pneumonia. Nervous system disorders: Encephalopathy, seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Ceftaroline is cephalosporin antibacterial drug [see Microbiology (12.4)].. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. As with other beta-lactam antimicrobial agents, the time that unbound plasma concentration of ceftaroline exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting organism has been shown to best correlate with efficacy in neutropenic murine thigh infection model with S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. Exposure-response analysis of Phase 2/3 ABSSSI trials supports the recommended dosage regimen of ceftaroline fosamil for injection 600 mg every 12 hours by IV infusion over hour. For Phase CABP trials, an exposure-response relationship could not be identified due to the limited range of ceftaroline exposures in the majority of patients.Cardiac ElectrophysiologyIn randomized, positive- and placebo-controlled crossover thorough QTc study, 54 healthy subjects were each administered single dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection 1,500 mg, placebo, and positive control by IV infusion over hour. At the 1,500 mg dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, no significant effect on QTc interval was detected at peak plasma concentration or at any other time.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftaroline in healthy adults (n=6) with normal renal function after single and multiple 1-hour IV infusions of 600 mg ceftaroline fosamil administered every 12 hours are summarized in Table 8. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar for single and multiple dose administration.Table 8: Mean (Standard Deviation) Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Ceftaroline IV in Healthy AdultsParameter Single 600 mg Dose Administered as 1-Hour Infusion (n=6) Multiple 600 mg Doses Administered Every 12 Hours as 1-Hour Infusions for 14 Days (n=6) Cmax (mcg/mL) 19.0 (0.71) 21.3 (4.10) Tmax (h) 1.00 (0.92-1.25) 0.92 (0.92-1.08) AUC (mcgoh/mL)b 56.8 (9.31) 56.3 (8.90) T1/2 (h) 1.60 (0.38) 2.66 (0.40) CL (L/h) 9.58 (1.85) 9.60 (1.40) Reported as median (range) AUC0-, for single-dose administration; AUC0-tau, for multiple-dose administration; Cmax, maximum observed concentration; Tmax, time of Cmax; AUC0-, area under concentration-time curve from time to infinity; AUC0-tau, area under concentration-time curve over dosing interval (0-12 hours); T1/2, terminal elimination half-life; CL, plasma clearanceThe Cmax and AUC of ceftaroline increase approximately in proportion to dose within the single dose range of 50 to 1,000 mg. No appreciable accumulation of ceftaroline is observed following multiple IV infusions of 600 mg administered every 12 hours for up to 14 days in healthy adults with normal renal function.The systemic exposure (AUC), T1/2, and clearance of ceftaroline were similar following administration of 600 mg ceftaroline fosamil in volume of 50 mL to healthy subjects every hours for days as 5-minute or 60-minute infusion, and the Tmax of ceftaroline occurred about minutes after the end of the ceftaroline fosamil infusion for both infusion durations. The mean (SD) Cmax of ceftaroline was 32.5 (4.82) mcg/mL for the 5-minute infusion duration (n=11) and 17.4 (3.87) mcg/mL for the 60-minute infusion duration (n=12).DistributionThe average binding of ceftaroline to human plasma proteins is approximately 20% and decreases slightly with increasing concentrations over to 50 mcg/mL (14.5 to 28%). The median (range) steady-state volume of distribution of ceftaroline in healthy adult males (n=6) following single 600 mg IV dose of radiolabeled ceftaroline fosamil was 20.3 (18.3 to 21.6 L), similar to extracellular fluid volume.EliminationMetabolism Ceftaroline fosamil is the water-soluble prodrug of the bioactive ceftaroline. Ceftaroline fosamil is converted into bioactive ceftaroline in plasma by phosphatase enzyme and concentrations of the prodrug are measurable in plasma primarily during IV infusion. Hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of ceftaroline occurs to form the microbiologically inactive, open-ring metabolite ceftaroline M-1. The mean (SD) plasma ceftaroline M-1 to ceftaroline AUC0- ratio following single 600 mg IV infusion of ceftaroline fosamil in healthy adults (n=6) with normal renal function is 28% (3.1%).When incubated with pooled human liver microsomes, ceftaroline was metabolically stable (< 12% metabolic turnover), indicating that ceftaroline is not substrate for hepatic CYP450 enzymes.ExcretionCeftaroline and its metabolites are primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Following administration of single 600 mg IV dose of radiolabeled ceftaroline fosamil to healthy male adults (n=6), approximately 88% of radioactivity was recovered in urine and 6% in feces within 48 hours. Of the radioactivity recovered in urine approximately 64% was excreted as ceftaroline and approximately 2% as ceftaroline M-1. The mean (SD) renal clearance of ceftaroline was 5.56 (0.20) L/h, suggesting that ceftaroline is predominantly eliminated by glomerular filtration.Specific PopulationsPatients with Renal Impairment Following administration of single 600 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, the geometric mean AUC0- of ceftaroline in subjects with mild (CrCl 50 to <= 80 mL/min, n=6) or moderate (CrCl 30 to <= 50 mL/min, n=6) renal impairment was 19% and 52% higher, respectively, compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCl 80 mL/min, n=6). Following administration of single 400 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, the geometric mean AUC0- of ceftaroline in subjects with severe (CrCl >= 15 to <=30 mL/min, n=6) renal impairment was 115% higher compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCl 80 mL/min, n=6). Dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].A single 400 mg dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection was administered to subjects with ESRD (n=6) either hours prior to or hour after hemodialysis (HD). The geometric mean ceftaroline AUC0- following the post-HD infusion was 167% higher compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCl 80 mL/min, n=6). The mean recovery of ceftaroline in the dialysate following 4-hour HD session was 76.5 mg, or 21.6% of the administered dose. Dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with ESRD (defined as CrCL 15 mL/min), including patients on HD [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].Patients with Hepatic Impairment The pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in patients with hepatic impairment have not been established. As ceftaroline does not appear to undergo significant hepatic metabolism, the systemic clearance of ceftaroline is not expected to be significantly affected by hepatic impairment.Geriatric Patients Following administration of single 600 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection to healthy elderly subjects (>= 65 years of age, n=16), the geometric mean AUC0- of ceftaroline was ~33% higher compared to healthy young adult subjects (18 to 45 years of age, n=16). The difference in AUC0- was mainly attributable to age-related changes in renal function. Dosage adjustment for ceftaroline fosamil for injection in elderly patients should be based on renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].Pediatric PatientsThe pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline were evaluated in adolescent patients (ages 12 to 17, n=7) with normal renal function following administration of single mg/kg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection (or 600 mg for subjects weighing 75 kg). The mean plasma clearance and terminal phase volume of distribution for ceftaroline in adolescent subjects were similar to healthy adults (n=6) with normal renal function in separate study following administration of single 600 mg IV dose. However, the mean Cmax and AUC0- for ceftaroline in adolescent subjects who received single mg/kg dose were 10% and 23% less than in healthy adult subjects who received single 600 mg IV dose. The population pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in pediatric patients from months to 18 years of age were similar to those in adult patients after accounting for weight and maturational changes. No clinically significant differences in ceftaroline AUC were predicted in patients from 12 days to months postnatal age and with >=34 weeks of gestational age compared to adults and pediatric patients months of age and older when given the approved recommended dosage for each patient population [see Adverse Reactions (6), Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14)]. GenderFollowing administration of single 600 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection to healthy elderly males (n=10) and females (n=6) and healthy young adult males (n=6) and females (n=10), the mean Cmax and AUC0- for ceftaroline were similar between males and females, although there was trend for higher Cmax (17%) and AUC0- (6 to 15%) in female subjects. Population pharmacokinetic analysis did not identify any significant differences in ceftaroline AUC0-tau based on gender in Phase 2/3 patients with ABSSSI or CABP. No dose adjustment is recommended based on gender.RaceA population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of race on the pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline using data from Phase 2/3 adult ABSSSI and CABP trials. No significant differences in ceftaroline AUC0-tau was observed across White (n=35), Hispanic (n=34), and Black (n=17) race groups for ABSSSI patients. Patients enrolled in CABP trials were predominantly categorized as White (n=115); thus there were too few patients of other races to draw any conclusions. No dosage adjustment is recommended based on race. Drug Interactions Studies No clinical drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted with ceftaroline fosamil for injection. There is minimal potential for drug-drug interactions between ceftaroline fosamil for injection and CYP450 substrates, inhibitors, or inducers; drugs known to undergo active renal secretion; and drugs that may alter renal blood flow.In vitro studies in human liver microsomes indicate that ceftaroline does not inhibit the major cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. In vitro studies in human hepatocytes also demonstrate that ceftaroline and its inactive open-ring metabolite are not inducers of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4/5. Therefore, ceftaroline fosamil for injection is not expected to inhibit or induce the clearance of drugs that are metabolized by these metabolic pathways in clinically relevant manner.Population pharmacokinetic analysis did not identify any clinically relevant differences in ceftaroline exposure (Cmax and AUC0-tau) in Phase 2/3 patients with ABSSSI or CABP who were taking concomitant medications that are known inhibitors, inducers, or substrates of the cytochrome P450 system; anionic or cationic drugs known to undergo active renal secretion; and vasodilator or vasoconstrictor drugs that may alter renal blood flow.. 12.4 Microbiology. Mechanism of ActionCeftaroline is cephalosporin antibacterial drug with in vitro activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of ceftaroline is mediated through binding to essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Ceftaroline is bactericidal against S. aureus due to its affinity for PBP2a and against Streptococcus pneumoniae due to its affinity for PBP2x.Resistance Ceftaroline is not active against Gram-negative bacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) from the TEM, SHV or CTX-M families, serine carbapenemases (such as KPC), class metallo-beta-lactamases, or class (AmpC cephalosporinases). Although cross-resistance may occur, some isolates resistant to other cephalosporins may be susceptible to ceftaroline.Interaction with Other AntimicrobialsIn vitro studies have not demonstrated any antagonism between ceftaroline or other commonly used antibacterial agents (e.g., vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, amikacin, aztreonam, tigecycline, and meropenem). Antimicrobial ActivityCeftaroline has been shown to be active against most of the following bacteria, both in vitro and in clinical infections [see Indications and Usage (1)].Skin InfectionsGram-positive Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates) Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus agalactiae Gram-negative Bacteria Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) Gram-positive Bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only)Gram-negative Bacteria Haemophilus influenzae Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90 percent of the following bacteria exhibit an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for ceftaroline against isolates of similar genus or organism group. However, the efficacy of ceftaroline in treating clinical infections due to these bacteria has not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials.Gram-positive BacteriaStreptococcus dysgalactiaeGram-negative Bacteria Citrobacter koseri Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter aerogenes Moraxella catarrhalis Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis Haemophilus parainfluenzae Susceptibility Test MethodsFor specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14. CLINICAL STUDIES . 14.1 Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI) Adult PatientsA total of 1,396 adults with clinically documented complicated skin and skin structure infection were enrolled in two identical randomized, multi-center, multinational, double-blind, non-inferiority trials (Trials and 2) comparing ceftaroline fosamil for injection (600 mg administered IV over hour every 12 hours) to vancomycin plus aztreonam (1 vancomycin administered IV over hour followed by g aztreonam administered IV over hour every 12 hours). Treatment duration was to 14 days. switch to oral therapy was not allowed. The Modified Intent-to-Treat (MITT) population included all patients who received any amount of study drug according to their randomized treatment group. The Clinically Evaluable (CE) population included patients in the MITT population who demonstrated sufficient adherence to the protocol. To evaluate the treatment effect of ceftaroline, an analysis was conducted in 797 patients with ABSSSI (such as deep/extensive cellulitis or wound infection [surgical or traumatic]) for whom the treatment effect of antibacterials may be supported by historical evidence. This analysis evaluated responder rates based on achieving both cessation of lesion spread and absence of fever on Study Day in the following subgroup of patients: Patients with lesion size >= 75 cm2 and having one of the following infection types:Major abscess with >= cm of surrounding erythemaWound infectionDeep/extensive cellulitis The results of this analysis are shown in Table 9. Table 9: Clinical Responders at Study Day from Two Adult Phase ABSSSI Trials Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection n/N (%)Vancomycin/ Aztreonam n/N (%)Treatment Difference (2-sided 95% CI)ABSSSI Trial 1148/200 (74.0)135/209 (64.6)9.4 (0.4, 18.2)ABSSSI Trial 2148/200 (74.0)128/188 (68.1)5.9 (-3.1, 14.9)The protocol-specified analyses included clinical cure rates at the Test of Cure (TOC) (visit to 15 days after the end of therapy) in the co-primary CE and MITT populations (Table 10) and clinical cure rates at TOC by pathogen in the Microbiologically Evaluable (ME) population (Table 11). However, there are insufficient historical data to establish the magnitude of drug effect for antibacterial drugs compared with placebo at TOC time point. Therefore, comparisons of ceftaroline fosamil for injection to vancomycin plus aztreonam based on clinical response rates at TOC cannot be utilized to establish non-inferiority. Table 10: Clinical Cure Rates at TOC from Two Adult Phase ABSSSI Trials Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injectionn/N (%)Vancomycin/ Aztreonamn/N (%)TreatmentDifference(2-sided 95% CI)Trial CE 288/316 (91.1) 280/300 (93.3) -2.2 (-6.6, 2.1) MITT 304/351 (86.6) 297/347 (85.6) 1.0 (-4.2, 6.2) Trial CE 271/294 (92.2) 269/292 (92.1) 0.1 (-4.4., 4.5) MITT 291/342 (85.1) 289/338 (85.5) -0.4 (-5.8, 5.0) Table 11: Clinical Cure Rates at TOC by Pathogen from Two Adult Integrated Phase ABSSSI Trials Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injectionn/N(%)Vancomycin/Aztreonam n/N (%)Gram-positive: MSSA (methicillin-susceptible) MRSA (methicillin-resistant) 212/228 (93.0%) 142/152 (93.4%) 225/238 (94.5%) 115/122 (94.3%) Streptococcus pyogenes 56/56 (100%) 56/58 (96.6%) Streptococcus agalactiae 21/22 (95.5%) 18/18 (100%) Gram-negative: Escherichia coli 20/21 (95.2%) 19/21 (90.5%) Klebsiella pneumoniae 17/18 (94.4%) 13/14 (92.9%) Klebsiella oxytoca 10/12 (83.3%) 6/6 (100%) Of the 693 patients in the MITT population in the ceftaroline fosamil for injection arm in the two ABSSSI trials, 20 patients had baseline S. aureus bacteremia (nine MRSA and eleven MSSA). Thirteen of these twenty patients (65%) were clinical responders for ABSSSI at Study Day and 18/20 (90%) were considered clinical success for ABSSSI at TOC.Pediatric PatientsThe ABSSSI pediatric trial was randomized, parallel-group, active controlled trial in pediatric patients months to 18 years of age.A total of 163 children from months to 18 years of age with clinically documented ABSSSI were enrolled in randomized, multi-center, multinational, parallel group, active controlled trial comparing ceftaroline fosamil for injection to vancomycin or cefazolin (each with optional aztreonam). Treatment duration was to 14 days. switch to oral therapy with either cephalexin, clindamycin, or linezolid after Study Day was allowed. The Modified Intent-to-Treat (MITT) population included all patients who received any amount of study drug according to their randomized treatment group.The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. The study was not powered for comparative inferential efficacy analysis, and no efficacy endpoint was identified as primary.To evaluate the treatment effect of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, an analysis was conducted in 159 patients with ABSSSI in the MITT population. This analysis evaluated responder rates based on achieving both cessation of lesion spread and absence of fever on Study Day 3.The clinical response at Study Day was 80.4% (86/107) for the ceftaroline group and 75% (39/52) for the comparator group, with treatment difference of 5.4% (95% CI of -7.8, 20.3).Clinical cure rates at test of cure visit (8 to 15 days after the end of therapy) for the ABSSSI pediatric trial were 94.4% (101/107) for ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 86.5% (45/52) for the comparator, with treatment difference of 7.9 (95% CI -1.2, 20.2). Indeterminate outcomes occurred at rates of 5.6% (6/107) for the ceftaroline group and 11.5% (6/52) for the comparator group, and rates of clinical failure were 0% (0/107) for the ceftaroline group and 1.9% (1/52) for the comparator group. The safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection were evaluated in single study that enrolled 11 pediatric patients with gestational age of >=34 weeks and postnatal age of 12 days to less than months of age with known or suspected infections. The majority of patients (8 of 11) received mg/kg ceftaroline fosamil for injection every hours as an intravenous (IV) infusion over 60 minutes. Major abscess with >= cm of surrounding erythema. Wound infection. Deep/extensive cellulitis 14.2 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) Adult PatientsA total of 1,231 adults with diagnosis of CABP were enrolled in two randomized, multi-center, multinational, double-blind, non-inferiority trials (Trials and 2) comparing ceftaroline fosamil for injection (600 mg administered IV over hour every 12 hours) with ceftriaxone (1 ceftriaxone administered IV over 30 minutes every 24 hours). In both treatment groups of CABP Trial 1, two doses of oral clarithromycin (500 mg every 12 hours), were administered as adjunctive therapy starting on Study Day 1. No adjunctive macrolide therapy was used in CABP Trial 2. Patients with known or suspected MRSA were excluded from both trials. Patients with new or progressive pulmonary infiltrate(s) on chest radiography and signs and symptoms consistent with CABP with the need for hospitalization and IV therapy were enrolled in the trials. Treatment duration was to days. switch to oral therapy was not allowed. Among all subjects who received any amount of study drug in the two CABP trials, the 30-day all-cause mortality rates were 11/609 (1.8%) for the ceftaroline fosamil for injection group vs. 12/610 (2%) for the ceftriaxone group, and the difference in mortality rates was not statistically significant.To evaluate the treatment effect of ceftaroline, an analysis was conducted in CABP patients for whom the treatment effect of antibacterials may be supported by historical evidence. The analysis endpoint required subjects to meet sign and symptom criteria at Day of therapy: responder had to both (a) be in stable condition, based on temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and mental status; (b) show improvement from baseline on at least one symptom of cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, or sputum production, while not worsening on any of these four symptoms. The analysis used microbiological intent-to-treat population (mITT population) containing only subjects with confirmed bacterial pathogen at baseline. Results for this analysis are presented in Table 12.Table 12: Response Rates at Study Day (72 to 96 hours) from Two Adult Phase CABP Trials Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection n/N (%)Ceftriaxone n/N (%)Treatment Difference (2-sided 95% CI)CABP Trial 148/69 (69.6%)42/72 (58.3%)11.2 (-4.6,26.5)CABP Trial 258/84 (69.0%)51/83 (61.4%)7.6 (-6.8,21.8)The protocol-specified analyses included clinical cure rates at the TOC (8 to 15 days after the end of therapy) in the co-primary Modified Intent-to-Treat Efficacy (MITTE) and CE populations (Table 13) and clinical cure rates at TOC by pathogen in the Microbiologically Evaluable (ME) population (Table 14). However, there are insufficient historical data to establish the magnitude of drug effect for antibacterials drugs compared with placebo at TOC time point. Therefore, comparisons of ceftaroline fosamil for injection to ceftriaxone based on clinical response rates at TOC cannot be utilized to establish non-inferiority. Neither trial established that ceftaroline fosamil for injection was statistically superior to ceftriaxone in terms of clinical response rates. The MITTE population included all patients who received any amount of study drug according to their randomized treatment group and were in PORT (Pneumonia Outcomes Research Team) Risk Class III or IV. The CE population included patients in the MITTE population who demonstrated sufficient adherence to the protocol. Table 13: Clinical Cure Rates at TOC from Two Adult Phase CABP Trials Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection n/N (%)Ceftriaxone n/N (%)Treatment Difference (2-sided 95% CI)CABP Trial CE194/224 (86.6%)183/234 (78.2%)8.4 (1.4, 15.4)MITTE244/291 (83.8%)233/300 (77.7%)6.2 (-0.2, 12.6)CABP Trial CE191/232 (82.3%)165/214 (77.1%)5.2 (-2.2, 12.8)MITTE231/284 (81.3%)203/269 (75.5%)5.9 (-1.0, 12.8)Table 14: Clinical Cure Rates at TOC by Pathogen from Two Adult Integrated Phase CABP Trials Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection n/N (%)Ceftriaxone n/N (%)Gram-positive: Streptococcus pneumoniae54/63 (85.7%)41/59 (69.5%)Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only) 18/25 (72.0%)14/25 (56.0%)Gram-negative: Haemophilus influenzae15/18 (83.3%)17/20 (85.0%)Klebsiella pneumoniae12/12 (100%)10/12 (83.3%)Klebsiella oxytoca5/6 (83.3%)7/8 (87.5%)Escherichia coli10/12 (83.3%)9/12 (75.0%)Pediatric PatientsThe CABP pediatric trial was randomized, parallel-group, active controlled trial in pediatric patients months to 18 years of age.A total of 161 children with diagnosis of CABP were enrolled in randomized, multi-center, multinational, active controlled trial comparing ceftaroline fosamil for injection with ceftriaxone. Patients with new or progressive pulmonary infiltrate(s) on chest radiography and signs and symptoms consistent with CABP including acute onset or worsening symptoms of cough, tachypnea, sputum production, grunting, chest pain, cyanosis, or increased work of breathing with the need for hospitalization and IV therapy were enrolled in the trial. Treatment duration was to 14 days. switch to oral therapy with amoxicillin clavulanate was allowed on Study Day 4.The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. The study was not powered for comparative inferential efficacy analysis, and no efficacy endpoint was identified as primary.To evaluate the treatment effect of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, an analysis was conducted in 143 patients with CABP in the MITT population. This analysis evaluated responder rates at Study Day based on achieving improvement in at least out of symptoms (cough, dyspnea, chest pain, sputum production, chills, feeling of warmth feverish and exercise intolerance or lethargy) and have worsening in none of these symptoms.The clinical response at Study Day was 69.2% (74/107) for ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 66.7% (24/36) for the comparator, with treatment difference of 2.5% (95% CI of -13.9, 20.9). Clinical cure rates at test of cure were 87.9% (94/107) for ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 88.9% (32/36) for the comparator, with treatment difference of -1 (95% CI -11.5, 14.1).

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Dosage of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection by Indication in Adult and Pediatric Patients (2.1, 2.2)IndicationAge RangeDosageInfusion TimeDuration Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI) 18 years and older 600 mg every 12 hours to 60 minutes to 14 days >=2 years to <18 years (> 33 kg) 400 mg every hours OR 600 mg every 12 hours to 60 minutes to 14 days >=2 years to <18 years (<=33kg) 12 mg/kg every hours to 60 minutes to 14 days months to <2 years mg/kg every hours to 60 minutes to 14 days to <2 months mg/kg every hours 30 to 60 minutes to 14 days Gestational age 34 weeks and older and postnatal age 12 days and olderIndicationAge RangeDosageInfusion TimeDurationCommunity Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP)18 years and older600 mg every12 hours5 to 60 minutes5 to days>=2 years to 18 years (> 33 kg)400 mg every hours OR 600 mg every12 hours to 60 minutes to 14 days>=2 years to 18 years (<= 33kg)12 mg/kg every8 hours5 to 60 minutes5 to 14 days2 months to 2 years8 mg/kg every8 hours5 to 60 minutes5 to 14 daysDosage adjustment is required in adult patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) <50 mL/min and in End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) including hemodialysis (2.3)There is insufficient information to recommend dosage regimen for pediatric patients with CrCL <50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (2.3). Dosage adjustment is required in adult patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) <50 mL/min and in End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) including hemodialysis (2.3). There is insufficient information to recommend dosage regimen for pediatric patients with CrCL <50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (2.3). 2.1 Recommended Dosage in Adult Patients. The recommended dosage of ceftaroline fosamil for injection is 600 mg administered every 12 hours by intravenous (IV) infusion over to 60 minutes in patients >=18 years of age. The duration of therapy should be guided by the severity and site of infection and the patients clinical and bacteriological progress.The recommended dosage and administration by infection is described in Table 1.Table 1: Dosage of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection by Indication in Adults IndicationDosageFrequencyInfusion Time Recommended Duration of TreatmentAcute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI)600 mgEvery 12 hours5 to 60 minutes5-14 daysCommunity-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP)600 mgEvery 12 hours5 to 60 minutes5-7 days. 2.2 Recommended Dosage in Pediatric Patients The recommended dosage of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in pediatric patients is based on the age and weight of the child. The duration of therapy should be guided by the severity, site of infection and the patients clinical and bacteriological progress.Pediatric Patients Months of Age and OlderFor pediatric patients months of age and older, ceftaroline fosamil for injection is administered every hours by intravenous infusion over to 60 minutes.Ceftaroline fosamil for injection dosing regimen is dependent on the type of infection (ABSSSI, CABP). See dosing Table below.Table 2: Dosage of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection by Indication in Pediatric Patients Months of Age and Older IndicationAge RangeDosage and FrequencyInfusion timeRecommended Duration of TreatmentAcute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI) OR Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP)2 months to 2 years8 mg/kg every hours to 60 minutes 5-14 days>= years to 18 years (<= 33 kg)12 mg/kg every hours>= years to 18 years (> 33 kg)400 mg every hours OR 600 mg every 12 hoursPediatric Patients Less Than Months of Age Ceftaroline fosamil for injection are administered every hours by intravenous infusion over 30 to 60 minutes for patients less than months of age.Ceftaroline fosamil for injection dosing regimen is only recommended for patients with ABSSSI. See dosing Table below.Concentrations of ceftaroline fosamil in the cerebrospinal fluid have not been evaluated [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. There is no information for dosing ceftaroline fosamil for injection in infants less than 34 weeks gestational age and less than 12 days postnatal age.Table 3: Dosage of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection in Pediatric Patients less Than Months of AgeIndicationAge RangeDosage and FrequencyInfusion timeRecommended Duration of Treatment Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI) to 2 months mg/kg every hours 30 to 60 minutes 5-14 daysGestational age 34 weeks and older and postnatal age 12 days and older.. For pediatric patients months of age and older, ceftaroline fosamil for injection is administered every hours by intravenous infusion over to 60 minutes.. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection dosing regimen is dependent on the type of infection (ABSSSI, CABP). See dosing Table below.. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection are administered every hours by intravenous infusion over 30 to 60 minutes for patients less than months of age.. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection dosing regimen is only recommended for patients with ABSSSI. See dosing Table below.. Concentrations of ceftaroline fosamil in the cerebrospinal fluid have not been evaluated [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. There is no information for dosing ceftaroline fosamil for injection in infants less than 34 weeks gestational age and less than 12 days postnatal age.. 2.3 Dosage Adjustments in Patients with Renal Impairment. Adults: No dosage adjustment is required in adult patients with CrCL 50 mL/min. The dose in adult patients should be adjusted when creatinine clearance (CrCL) is 50 mL/min as shown below (see Table 4).Table 4: Dosage of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection in Adult Patients with Renal ImpairmentEstimated CrCla (mL/min)Recommended Dosage Regimen for Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection> 50No dosage adjustment necessary> 30 to <= 50400 mg IV (over to 60 minutes) every 12 hours>= 15 to <= 30300 mg IV (over to 60 minutes) every 12 hoursEnd-stage renal disease, including hemodialysisb 200 mg IV (over to 60 minutes) every 12 hoursc aCreatinine clearance (CrCl) estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.bEnd-stage renal disease is defined as CrCl 15 mL/min. cCeftaroline fosamil for injection is hemodialyzable; thus, ceftaroline fosamil for injection should be administered after hemodialysis on hemodialysis days.Pediatrics: No dosage adjustment is required in pediatric patients with CrCL 50 mL/min/1.73 m2, estimated using the Schwartz equation. There is insufficient information to recommend dosage regimen for pediatric patients with CrCL 50 mL/min/1.73 m2.. 2.4 Preparation of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection for Administration. Constitution of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection Powder for InjectionAseptic technique must be followed in preparing the infusion solution. The contents of ceftaroline fosamil for injection vial should be constituted with 20 mL Sterile Water for Injection, USP; or 0.9% of sodium chloride injection; or 5% of dextrose injection; or lactated ringers injection. Constitution time is less than minutes. Mix gently to constitute and check to see that the contents have dissolved completely. The preparation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection solutions is summarized in Table 5. Table 5: Preparation of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection for Intravenous UseDosage Strength (mg)Volume of Diluent To Be Added (mL)Approximate Ceftaroline fosamil Concentration (mg/mL)Amount to Be Withdrawn4002020Adults: Total Volume Pediatric: Volume based on age and weight6002030Adults: Total Volume Pediatric: Volume based on age and weight The recommended dosage of ceftaroline fosamil for injection is based on the age and weight of the child. See Table Dilution of the Constituted Solution of Ceftaroline Fosamil for InjectionThe constituted solution must be further diluted in range between 50 mL to 250 mL before intravenous infusion into patients. Use the same diluent used for constitution of the powder for this further dilution, unless sterile water for injection was used earlier. If sterile water for injection was used earlier, then appropriate infusion solutions include: 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP; 5% Dextrose Injection, USP; 2.5% Dextrose Injection, USP, and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP; or Lactated Ringers Injection, USP.Dilution of the Constituted Solution of Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection in the 50 mL Infusion Bags OnlyPreparation of 600 mg of ceftaroline fosamil for injection dose in 50 mL infusion bag (for adult patients): Withdraw 20 mL of diluent from the infusion bag. Proceed to inject entire content of the ceftaroline fosamil for injection vial into the bag to provide total volume of 50 mL. The resultant concentration is approximately 12 mg/mL.Preparation of 400 mg of ceftaroline fosamil for injection dose in 50 mL infusion bag (for adult patients or pediatric patients weighing 33 kg): Withdraw 20 mL of diluent from the infusion bag. Proceed to inject entire content of the ceftaroline fosamil for injection vial into the bag to provide total volume of 50 mL. The resultant concentration is approximately mg/mL.Preparation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection dose in the infusion bag (for pediatric patients weighing <= 33 kg): The amount of solution withdrawn from the constituted ceftaroline fosamil for injection vial for pediatric patients weighing <= 33 kg for dilution in the infusion bag will vary according to the weight and age of the child. The infusion solution concentration for administration should not exceed 12 mg/ml ceftaroline fosamil. Discard unused portion.The color of ceftaroline fosamil for injection infusion solutions ranges from clear, light to dark yellow depending on the concentration and storage conditions. When stored as recommended, the product potency is not affected. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.. 2.5 Storage of Constituted Solutions. Stability in Baxter(R) Mini-Bag Plus(TM): Solutions of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in concentrations ranging from to 12 mg/mL in Baxter Mini-Bag Plus containers with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection may be stored for up to hours at room temperature or for up to 24 hours at 2oC to 8oC (36oF to 46oF). Stability testing in the Baxter Mini-Bag Plus has solely been conducted on 50 mL and 100 mL containers (0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection).Stability in Infusion Bag: Studies have shown that the constituted solution in the infusion bag should be used within hours when stored at room temperature or within 24 hours when stored under refrigeration at 2oC to 8oC (36oF to 46oF). 2.6 Drug Compatibilities. The compatibility of ceftaroline fosamil for injection with other drugs has not been established. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection should not be mixed with or physically added to solutions containing other drugs.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection is cephalosporin antibacterial indicated in adult and pediatric patients for the treatment of the following infection caused by designated susceptible bacteria: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) in adult and pediatric patients (at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age) (1.1)Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adult and pediatric patients months of age and older (1.2)To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection and other antibacterial drugs, ceftaroline fosamil for injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (1.3). Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) in adult and pediatric patients (at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age) (1.1). Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adult and pediatric patients months of age and older (1.2). 1.1 Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection is indicated in adult and pediatric patients (at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by susceptible isolates of the following Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. 1.2 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia. Ceftaroline fosamil for injection is indicated in adult and pediatric patients months of age and older for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) caused by susceptible isolates of the following Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases with concurrent bacteremia), Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli. 1.3 Usage. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection and other antibacterial drugs, ceftaroline fosamil for injection should be used to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. Appropriate specimens for microbiological examination should be obtained in order to isolate and identify the causative pathogens and to determine their susceptibility to ceftaroline. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17. PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Advise patients that allergic reactions, including serious allergic reactions, could occur and that serious reactions require immediate treatment. They should inform their healthcare provider about any previous hypersensitivity reactions to ceftaroline fosamil for injection, other beta-lactams (including cephalosporins) or other allergens. Advise patients that neurological adverse reactions could occur with ceftaroline fosamil for injection use. Instruct patients or their caregivers to inform their healthcare provider at once of any neurological signs and symptoms, including encephalopathy (disturbance of consciousness including somnolence, lethargy, confusion, and slow thinking), and seizures for immediate treatment, dosage adjustment, or discontinuation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including ceftaroline fosamil for injection should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When ceftaroline fosamil for injection is prescribed to treat bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by ceftaroline fosamil for injection or other antibacterial drugs in the future.Advise patients that diarrhea is common problem caused by antibacterial drugs, including ceftaroline fosamil for injection and usually resolves when the drug is discontinued. Sometimes, frequent watery or bloody diarrhea may occur and may be sign of more serious intestinal infection. If severe watery or bloody diarrhea develops, patients should contact their healthcare provider.Ceftaroline Fosamil for Injection400 mg and 600 mgManufactured by:Manufactured for: Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Apotex Corp. High Tech Zone Weston, Florida Jinan, 250101, China USA, 33326 Manufactured by:QILU Antibiotics Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Jinan, 250105, ChinaAll registered trademarks in this document are the property of their respective owners. Revised: March 2026Rev. 1. Advise patients that allergic reactions, including serious allergic reactions, could occur and that serious reactions require immediate treatment. They should inform their healthcare provider about any previous hypersensitivity reactions to ceftaroline fosamil for injection, other beta-lactams (including cephalosporins) or other allergens. Advise patients that neurological adverse reactions could occur with ceftaroline fosamil for injection use. Instruct patients or their caregivers to inform their healthcare provider at once of any neurological signs and symptoms, including encephalopathy (disturbance of consciousness including somnolence, lethargy, confusion, and slow thinking), and seizures for immediate treatment, dosage adjustment, or discontinuation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including ceftaroline fosamil for injection should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When ceftaroline fosamil for injection is prescribed to treat bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by ceftaroline fosamil for injection or other antibacterial drugs in the future.. Advise patients that diarrhea is common problem caused by antibacterial drugs, including ceftaroline fosamil for injection and usually resolves when the drug is discontinued. Sometimes, frequent watery or bloody diarrhea may occur and may be sign of more serious intestinal infection. If severe watery or bloody diarrhea develops, patients should contact their healthcare provider.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftaroline in healthy adults (n=6) with normal renal function after single and multiple 1-hour IV infusions of 600 mg ceftaroline fosamil administered every 12 hours are summarized in Table 8. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar for single and multiple dose administration.Table 8: Mean (Standard Deviation) Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Ceftaroline IV in Healthy AdultsParameter Single 600 mg Dose Administered as 1-Hour Infusion (n=6) Multiple 600 mg Doses Administered Every 12 Hours as 1-Hour Infusions for 14 Days (n=6) Cmax (mcg/mL) 19.0 (0.71) 21.3 (4.10) Tmax (h) 1.00 (0.92-1.25) 0.92 (0.92-1.08) AUC (mcgoh/mL)b 56.8 (9.31) 56.3 (8.90) T1/2 (h) 1.60 (0.38) 2.66 (0.40) CL (L/h) 9.58 (1.85) 9.60 (1.40) Reported as median (range) AUC0-, for single-dose administration; AUC0-tau, for multiple-dose administration; Cmax, maximum observed concentration; Tmax, time of Cmax; AUC0-, area under concentration-time curve from time to infinity; AUC0-tau, area under concentration-time curve over dosing interval (0-12 hours); T1/2, terminal elimination half-life; CL, plasma clearanceThe Cmax and AUC of ceftaroline increase approximately in proportion to dose within the single dose range of 50 to 1,000 mg. No appreciable accumulation of ceftaroline is observed following multiple IV infusions of 600 mg administered every 12 hours for up to 14 days in healthy adults with normal renal function.The systemic exposure (AUC), T1/2, and clearance of ceftaroline were similar following administration of 600 mg ceftaroline fosamil in volume of 50 mL to healthy subjects every hours for days as 5-minute or 60-minute infusion, and the Tmax of ceftaroline occurred about minutes after the end of the ceftaroline fosamil infusion for both infusion durations. The mean (SD) Cmax of ceftaroline was 32.5 (4.82) mcg/mL for the 5-minute infusion duration (n=11) and 17.4 (3.87) mcg/mL for the 60-minute infusion duration (n=12).DistributionThe average binding of ceftaroline to human plasma proteins is approximately 20% and decreases slightly with increasing concentrations over to 50 mcg/mL (14.5 to 28%). The median (range) steady-state volume of distribution of ceftaroline in healthy adult males (n=6) following single 600 mg IV dose of radiolabeled ceftaroline fosamil was 20.3 (18.3 to 21.6 L), similar to extracellular fluid volume.EliminationMetabolism Ceftaroline fosamil is the water-soluble prodrug of the bioactive ceftaroline. Ceftaroline fosamil is converted into bioactive ceftaroline in plasma by phosphatase enzyme and concentrations of the prodrug are measurable in plasma primarily during IV infusion. Hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of ceftaroline occurs to form the microbiologically inactive, open-ring metabolite ceftaroline M-1. The mean (SD) plasma ceftaroline M-1 to ceftaroline AUC0- ratio following single 600 mg IV infusion of ceftaroline fosamil in healthy adults (n=6) with normal renal function is 28% (3.1%).When incubated with pooled human liver microsomes, ceftaroline was metabolically stable (< 12% metabolic turnover), indicating that ceftaroline is not substrate for hepatic CYP450 enzymes.ExcretionCeftaroline and its metabolites are primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Following administration of single 600 mg IV dose of radiolabeled ceftaroline fosamil to healthy male adults (n=6), approximately 88% of radioactivity was recovered in urine and 6% in feces within 48 hours. Of the radioactivity recovered in urine approximately 64% was excreted as ceftaroline and approximately 2% as ceftaroline M-1. The mean (SD) renal clearance of ceftaroline was 5.56 (0.20) L/h, suggesting that ceftaroline is predominantly eliminated by glomerular filtration.Specific PopulationsPatients with Renal Impairment Following administration of single 600 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, the geometric mean AUC0- of ceftaroline in subjects with mild (CrCl 50 to <= 80 mL/min, n=6) or moderate (CrCl 30 to <= 50 mL/min, n=6) renal impairment was 19% and 52% higher, respectively, compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCl 80 mL/min, n=6). Following administration of single 400 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection, the geometric mean AUC0- of ceftaroline in subjects with severe (CrCl >= 15 to <=30 mL/min, n=6) renal impairment was 115% higher compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCl 80 mL/min, n=6). Dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].A single 400 mg dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection was administered to subjects with ESRD (n=6) either hours prior to or hour after hemodialysis (HD). The geometric mean ceftaroline AUC0- following the post-HD infusion was 167% higher compared to healthy subjects with normal renal function (CrCl 80 mL/min, n=6). The mean recovery of ceftaroline in the dialysate following 4-hour HD session was 76.5 mg, or 21.6% of the administered dose. Dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with ESRD (defined as CrCL 15 mL/min), including patients on HD [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].Patients with Hepatic Impairment The pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in patients with hepatic impairment have not been established. As ceftaroline does not appear to undergo significant hepatic metabolism, the systemic clearance of ceftaroline is not expected to be significantly affected by hepatic impairment.Geriatric Patients Following administration of single 600 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection to healthy elderly subjects (>= 65 years of age, n=16), the geometric mean AUC0- of ceftaroline was ~33% higher compared to healthy young adult subjects (18 to 45 years of age, n=16). The difference in AUC0- was mainly attributable to age-related changes in renal function. Dosage adjustment for ceftaroline fosamil for injection in elderly patients should be based on renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].Pediatric PatientsThe pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline were evaluated in adolescent patients (ages 12 to 17, n=7) with normal renal function following administration of single mg/kg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection (or 600 mg for subjects weighing 75 kg). The mean plasma clearance and terminal phase volume of distribution for ceftaroline in adolescent subjects were similar to healthy adults (n=6) with normal renal function in separate study following administration of single 600 mg IV dose. However, the mean Cmax and AUC0- for ceftaroline in adolescent subjects who received single mg/kg dose were 10% and 23% less than in healthy adult subjects who received single 600 mg IV dose. The population pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in pediatric patients from months to 18 years of age were similar to those in adult patients after accounting for weight and maturational changes. No clinically significant differences in ceftaroline AUC were predicted in patients from 12 days to months postnatal age and with >=34 weeks of gestational age compared to adults and pediatric patients months of age and older when given the approved recommended dosage for each patient population [see Adverse Reactions (6), Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14)]. GenderFollowing administration of single 600 mg IV dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection to healthy elderly males (n=10) and females (n=6) and healthy young adult males (n=6) and females (n=10), the mean Cmax and AUC0- for ceftaroline were similar between males and females, although there was trend for higher Cmax (17%) and AUC0- (6 to 15%) in female subjects. Population pharmacokinetic analysis did not identify any significant differences in ceftaroline AUC0-tau based on gender in Phase 2/3 patients with ABSSSI or CABP. No dose adjustment is recommended based on gender.RaceA population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of race on the pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline using data from Phase 2/3 adult ABSSSI and CABP trials. No significant differences in ceftaroline AUC0-tau was observed across White (n=35), Hispanic (n=34), and Black (n=17) race groups for ABSSSI patients. Patients enrolled in CABP trials were predominantly categorized as White (n=115); thus there were too few patients of other races to draw any conclusions. No dosage adjustment is recommended based on race. Drug Interactions Studies No clinical drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted with ceftaroline fosamil for injection. There is minimal potential for drug-drug interactions between ceftaroline fosamil for injection and CYP450 substrates, inhibitors, or inducers; drugs known to undergo active renal secretion; and drugs that may alter renal blood flow.In vitro studies in human liver microsomes indicate that ceftaroline does not inhibit the major cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. In vitro studies in human hepatocytes also demonstrate that ceftaroline and its inactive open-ring metabolite are not inducers of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4/5. Therefore, ceftaroline fosamil for injection is not expected to inhibit or induce the clearance of drugs that are metabolized by these metabolic pathways in clinically relevant manner.Population pharmacokinetic analysis did not identify any clinically relevant differences in ceftaroline exposure (Cmax and AUC0-tau) in Phase 2/3 patients with ABSSSI or CABP who were taking concomitant medications that are known inhibitors, inducers, or substrates of the cytochrome P450 system; anionic or cationic drugs known to undergo active renal secretion; and vasodilator or vasoconstrictor drugs that may alter renal blood flow.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8. USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk SummaryThere are no adequate studies with ceftaroline fosamil in pregnant women that informed any drug associated risks. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. The background risk of major birth defects is to 4% and of miscarriage is 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies within the general population.In developmental toxicity studies conducted in animals, no malformations or other adverse developmental effects were observed in offspring of rats exposed to ceftaroline fosamil at up to times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) during the period of organogenesis through lactation. In rabbits exposed to ceftaroline fosamil during organogenesis at levels approximately equal to the MRHD, no drug-induced fetal malformations were observed despite maternal toxicity.DataAnimal DataDevelopmental toxicity studies performed with ceftaroline fosamil in rats at IV doses up to 300 mg/kg demonstrated no maternal toxicity and no effects on the fetus. separate toxicokinetic study showed that ceftaroline exposure in rats (based on AUC) at this dose level was approximately times the exposure in humans given 600 mg every 12 hours. There were no drug-induced malformations in the offspring of rabbits given IV doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, despite maternal toxicity. Signs of maternal toxicity appeared secondary to the sensitivity of the rabbit gastrointestinal system to broad-spectrum antibacterials and included changes in fecal output in all groups and dose-related reductions in body weight gain and food consumption at 50 mg/kg; these were associated with an increase in spontaneous abortion at 50 and 100 mg/kg. The highest dose was also associated with maternal moribundity and mortality. An increased incidence of common rabbit skeletal variation, angulated hyoid alae, was also observed at the maternally toxic doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. separate toxicokinetic study showed that ceftaroline exposure in rabbits (based on AUC) was approximately 0.4 times the exposure in humans given 600 mg every 12 hours at 25 mg/kg and 0.7 times the human exposure at 50 mg/kg.Ceftaroline fosamil did not affect the postnatal development or reproductive performance of the offspring of rats given IV doses up to 450 mg/kg/day. Results from toxicokinetic study conducted in pregnant rats with doses up to 300 mg/kg suggest that exposure was >= times the exposure in humans given 600 mg every 12 hours.. 8.2 Lactation. Risk SummaryNo data is available regarding the presence of ceftaroline in human milk, the effects of ceftaroline on breastfed infants, or the effects on milk production.The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mothers clinical need for ceftaroline fosamil and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from ceftaroline fosamil or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.4 Pediatric Use. The safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the treatment of ABSSSI have been established in pediatric patients (at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age). The safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the treatment of CABP have been established in the age groups months to less than 18 years old. Use of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in these age groups is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in adults with additional pharmacokinetic and safety data in pediatric patients months of age and older with ABSSSI or CABP [see Clinical Studies (14.1 and 14.2)]. Use of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in pediatric patients less than months of age was supported by pharmacokinetic and safety data in 11 infants at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age. In these infants, concentrations of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the cerebrospinal fluid were not evaluated [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Results from the clinical studies in pediatric patients show that ceftaroline fosamil for injection demonstrated safety profile that was comparable with treatment of ABSSSI and CABP in adults at the clinical dosages studied. Safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in pediatric patients less than 34 weeks gestational age and less than 12 days postnatal age for the treatment of ABSSSI have not been established. Safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection in pediatric patients below the age of months for the treatment of CABP have not been established as no data are available.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. Of the 1,300 adult patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the Phase ABSSSI and CABP trials, 397 (30.5%) were >= 65 years of age. The clinical cure rates in the ceftaroline fosamil for injection group (Clinically Evaluable [CE] Population) were similar in patients >= 65 years of age compared with patients 65 years of age in both the ABSSSI and CABP trials.The adverse reaction profiles in patients >= 65 years of age and in patients 65 years of age were similar. The percentage of patients in the ceftaroline fosamil for injection group who had at least one adverse reaction was 52.4% in patients >= 65 years of age and 42.8% in patients 65 years of age for the two indications combined.Ceftaroline is excreted primarily by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection in this age group and it may be useful to monitor renal function. Elderly subjects had greater ceftaroline exposure relative to non-elderly subjects when administered the same single dose of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. However, higher exposure in elderly subjects was mainly attributed to age-related changes in renal function. Dosage adjustment for elderly patients should be based on renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 8.6 Patients with Renal Impairment. Dosage adjustment is required in adult patients with moderate (CrCl 30 to <= 50 mL/min) or severe (CrCl >= 15 to <= 30 mL/min) renal impairment and in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD defined as CrCl 15 mL/min), including patients on hemodialysis (HD). There is insufficient information to recommend dosage regimen for pediatric patients with CrCl 50 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Serious hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported with beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, including ceftaroline. If hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue ceftaroline fosamil for injection. (5.1) Clostridiodes difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with nearly all systemic antibacterial agents, including ceftaroline fosamil for injection. Evaluate if diarrhea occurs. (5.2) Neurological adverse reactions have been reported in patients treated with cephalosporins, including ceftaroline. If neurological adverse reactions occur, consider discontinuing ceftaroline fosamil for injection or making appropriate dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment. (2.3, 5.3)Direct Coombs test seroconversion has been reported with ceftaroline. If anemia develops during or after therapy, diagnostic workup for drug- induced hemolytic anemia should be performed and consideration given to discontinuation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. (5.4). Serious hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported with beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, including ceftaroline. If hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue ceftaroline fosamil for injection. (5.1) Clostridiodes difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with nearly all systemic antibacterial agents, including ceftaroline fosamil for injection. Evaluate if diarrhea occurs. (5.2) Neurological adverse reactions have been reported in patients treated with cephalosporins, including ceftaroline. If neurological adverse reactions occur, consider discontinuing ceftaroline fosamil for injection or making appropriate dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment. (2.3, 5.3). Direct Coombs test seroconversion has been reported with ceftaroline. If anemia develops during or after therapy, diagnostic workup for drug- induced hemolytic anemia should be performed and consideration given to discontinuation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection. (5.4). 5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions and serious skin reactions have been reported in patients receiving beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. Before therapy with ceftaroline fosamil for injection is instituted, careful inquiry about previous hypersensitivity reactions to other cephalosporins, penicillins, or carbapenems should be made. Maintain clinical supervision if this product is to be given to penicillin- or other beta-lactam-allergic patient, because cross sensitivity among beta-lactam antibacterial agents has been clearly established.If an allergic reaction to ceftaroline fosamil for injection occurs, discontinue ceftaroline fosamil for injection and institute appropriate treatment and supportive measures.. 5.2 Clostridioides difficile Associated Diarrhea Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported for nearly all systemic antibacterial agents, including ceftaroline fosamil for injection, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon and may permit overgrowth of C. difficile.C. difficile produces toxins and which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin-producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary because CDAD has been reported to occur more than months after the administration of antibacterial agents.If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, antibacterials not directed against C. difficile should be discontinued, if possible. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 5.3 Neurological Adverse Reactions. Neurological adverse reactions have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients treated with cephalosporins, including ceftaroline fosamil for injection. These reactions include encephalopathy and seizures [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Most cases occurred in patients with renal impairment who did not receive appropriate dosage adjustment. The neurological adverse reactions were reversible and resolved after discontinuation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection or after hemodialysis. If neurological adverse reactions associated with ceftaroline fosamil for injection therapy occur, consider discontinuing ceftaroline fosamil for injection or making appropriate dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].. 5.4 Direct Coombs Test Seroconversion. Seroconversion from negative to positive direct Coombs test result occurred in 120/1,114 (10.8%) of adult patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 49/1,116 (4.4%) of patients receiving comparator drugs in the four pooled adult Phase trials.In the pooled adult Phase CABP trials, 51/520 (9.8%) of ceftaroline fosamil for injection-treated patients compared to 24/534 (4.5%) of ceftriaxone-treated patients seroconverted from negative to positive direct Coombs test result. No adverse reactions representing hemolytic anemia were reported in any treatment group.Seroconversion from negative to positive direct Coombs test result occurred in 42/234 (17.9%) of children receiving ceftaroline fosamil for injection and 3/93 (3.2%) of patients receiving comparator drugs in the three pooled pediatric trials. No adverse reactions representing hemolytic anemia were reported in any treatment group.If anemia develops during or after treatment with ceftaroline fosamil for injection, drug-induced hemolytic anemia should be considered. Diagnostic studies including direct Coombs test, should be performed. If drug-induced hemolytic anemia is suspected, discontinuation of ceftaroline fosamil for injection should be considered and supportive care should be administered to the patient (i.e. transfusion) if clinically indicated.. 5.5 Development of Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Prescribing ceftaroline fosamil for injection in the absence of proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.