clindamycin 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | BioActivity |

Stem definition	Drug id	CAS RN
antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces strains	678	18323-44-9

Description:

Molecule	Description
Molfile Inchi Smiles Synonyms: clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate clindamycin 7-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin 7-Chlorolincomycin 7-Deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin chlolincocin clincin clinimycin Dalacin C dalacine clindamycin hydrochloride clindamycin HCl	An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN. Molecular weight: 424.98 Formula: C18H33ClN2O5S CLOGP: 2.57 LIPINSKI: 0 HAC: 7 HDO: 4 TPSA: 102.26 ALOGS: -2.14 ROTB: 7 Status: OFP Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent

Molecule

Description

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate
clindamycin
7-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin
7-Chlorolincomycin
7-Deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin
chlolincocin
clincin
clinimycin
Dalacin C
dalacine
clindamycin hydrochloride
clindamycin HCl

An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.

Molecular weight: 424.98
Formula: C18H33ClN2O5S
CLOGP: 2.57
LIPINSKI: 0
HAC: 7
HDO: 4
TPSA: 102.26
ALOGS: -2.14
ROTB: 7

Status: OFP

Legend:
OFP - off patent
OFM - off market
ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

Dose	Unit	Route
0.10	g	V
1.20	g	O
1.80	g	P

ADMET properties:

Property	Value	Reference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System)	1	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility)	40 mg/mL	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine)	13 %	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose)	70.59 µM/kg/day	Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability)	87 %	Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution)	0.79 L/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance)	4.50 mL/min/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma)	0.06 %	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life)	2.10 hours	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Approvals:

Date	Agency	Company	Orphan
Feb. 22, 1970	FDA	PHARMACIA AND UPJOHN

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Drug hypersensitivity	3187.41	10.49	2146	38856	308541	63139479
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis	388.47	10.49	174	40828	10925	63437095
Rash maculo-papular	259.79	10.49	193	40809	31703	63416317
Toxic skin eruption	200.74	10.49	117	40885	12768	63435252
Rash	180.34	10.49	777	40225	560094	62887926
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	164.88	10.49	152	40850	33684	63414336
Hidradenitis	158.03	10.49	62	40940	2784	63445236
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction	143.06	10.49	58	40944	2840	63445180
Clostridium difficile infection	143.04	10.49	133	40869	29789	63418231
Loss of employment	114.52	10.49	46	40956	2198	63445822
Urticaria	112.49	10.49	296	40706	165506	63282514
Dermatitis allergic	104.32	10.49	83	40919	15065	63432955
Pemphigus	94.90	10.49	6	40996	183720	63264300
Synovitis	93.94	10.49	7	40995	186911	63261109
Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema	88.23	10.49	26	40976	478	63447542
Glossodynia	83.69	10.49	9	40993	178867	63269153
Clostridium difficile colitis	80.60	10.49	82	40920	20487	63427533
Abortion spontaneous	75.03	10.49	120	40882	47075	63400945
Erythema	74.33	10.49	266	40736	175485	63272535
Systemic lupus erythematosus	71.38	10.49	23	40979	208895	63239125
Drug resistance	69.80	10.49	80	40922	22853	63425167
Hand deformity	69.77	10.49	10	40992	159447	63288573
Graft infection	68.74	10.49	17	40985	154	63447866
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome	67.58	10.49	127	40875	56625	63391395
Eosinophilia	63.62	10.49	76	40926	22680	63425340
Hepatic steatosis	62.88	10.49	85	40917	28684	63419336
Cellulitis	61.40	10.49	152	40850	81806	63366214
Pruritus	61.15	10.49	421	40581	361032	63086988
Pathogen resistance	59.54	10.49	42	40960	6356	63441664
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive	59.39	10.49	4	40998	116208	63331812
Alopecia	59.04	10.49	79	40923	337457	63110563
Joint swelling	55.98	10.49	78	40924	327588	63120432
Pseudomembranous colitis	55.84	10.49	31	40971	3081	63444939
Premature delivery	53.72	10.49	81	40921	30200	63417820
Gastric disorder	52.65	10.49	90	40912	37279	63410741
Arthropathy	50.90	10.49	46	40956	234746	63213274
Anaphylactic reaction	49.93	10.49	123	40879	65977	63382043
Abscess	48.80	10.49	57	40945	16611	63431409
Helicobacter infection	47.98	10.49	3	40999	92782	63355238
Rheumatoid arthritis	47.92	10.49	56	40946	253763	63194257
Pericarditis	45.79	10.49	14	40988	131565	63316455
Diarrhoea	45.04	10.49	679	40323	714687	62733333
Death	44.58	10.49	111	40891	374270	63073750
Discomfort	43.72	10.49	27	40975	167347	63280673
Infusion related reaction	43.37	10.49	57	40945	245464	63202556
Toxic epidermal necrolysis	41.06	10.49	65	40937	25269	63422751
Type I hypersensitivity	38.78	10.49	24	40978	2918	63445102
Osteonecrosis of jaw	38.61	10.49	76	40926	35047	63412973
Pneumococcal infection	36.56	10.49	13	40989	442	63447578
Wound	36.56	10.49	31	40971	163232	63284788
Rash morbilliform	36.09	10.49	24	40978	3301	63444719
Septic shock	35.39	10.49	109	40893	66520	63381500
Klebsiella infection	35.11	10.49	35	40967	8531	63439489
Tubo-ovarian abscess	35.02	10.49	12	40990	365	63447655
Osteomyelitis	34.47	10.49	61	40941	25959	63422061
Acute kidney injury	34.44	10.49	289	40713	263126	63184894
Hepatitis infectious mononucleosis	34.10	10.49	9	40993	108	63447912
Toxic shock syndrome streptococcal	33.37	10.49	9	40993	118	63447902
Fibromyalgia	33.01	10.49	6	40996	80414	63367606
Peripheral swelling	32.29	10.49	78	40924	265864	63182156
Skin lesion	32	10.49	65	40937	30656	63417364
Fatigue	31.99	10.49	394	40608	887634	62560386
Product use in unapproved indication	30.43	10.49	209	40793	178871	63269149
Staphylococcal infection	29.29	10.49	75	40927	41181	63406839
Idiosyncratic drug reaction	29.02	10.49	13	40989	815	63447205
Musculoskeletal stiffness	28.54	10.49	47	40955	184571	63263449
Upper respiratory tract infection bacterial	28.48	10.49	8	40994	123	63447897
Abscess neck	28.25	10.49	12	40990	661	63447359
Dysbiosis	27.90	10.49	13	40989	893	63447127
Contraindicated product administered	27.89	10.49	62	40940	217586	63230434
Completed suicide	27.62	10.49	32	40970	145641	63302379
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	26.80	10.49	47	40955	19856	63428164
Confusional state	26.63	10.49	72	40930	236308	63211712
Skin exfoliation	26.22	10.49	74	40928	43028	63404992
Swelling of eyelid	25.46	10.49	19	40983	3137	63444883
Necrotising oesophagitis	25.40	10.49	10	40992	453	63447567
Drug intolerance	25.25	10.49	108	40894	308553	63139467
Rash erythematous	24.90	10.49	72	40930	42438	63405582
Blood cholesterol increased	24.78	10.49	15	40987	94017	63354003
Hepatic enzyme increased	24.03	10.49	60	40942	202268	63245752
Stevens-Johnson syndrome	23.89	10.49	51	40951	24899	63423121
Intentional overdose	23.86	10.49	9	40993	74143	63373877
Toxicity to various agents	23.78	10.49	81	40921	247169	63200851
Face oedema	23.76	10.49	45	40957	20167	63427853
Pyrexia	23.72	10.49	431	40571	470047	62977973
Reaction to azo-dyes	23.50	10.49	5	40997	21	63447999
Drug eruption	23.38	10.49	55	40947	28639	63419381
Skin odour abnormal	23	10.49	14	40988	1652	63446368
Toxic shock syndrome	22.62	10.49	11	40991	831	63447189
Leukocytosis	22.55	10.49	51	40951	25884	63422136
Blood testosterone increased	22.20	10.49	7	40995	163	63447857
Type IIb hyperlipidaemia	22.02	10.49	5	40997	30	63447990
Candida infection	21.66	10.49	53	40949	28298	63419722
Acne	21.60	10.49	47	40955	23246	63424774
Mastitis	21.58	10.49	16	40986	2616	63445404
Sepsis syndrome	21.45	10.49	11	40991	931	63447089
Subcutaneous abscess	21.36	10.49	22	40980	5574	63442446
Puerperal pyrexia	21.11	10.49	5	40997	37	63447983
Papule	21.05	10.49	22	40980	5669	63442351
Bartholinitis	20.55	10.49	5	40997	42	63447978
Nephritis allergic	20.33	10.49	7	40995	216	63447804
Pustule	20.24	10.49	13	40989	1686	63446334
Hypoglossal nerve paresis	20.22	10.49	6	40996	113	63447907
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	20.14	10.49	8	40994	63860	63384160
Post infection glomerulonephritis	20.10	10.49	4	40998	11	63448009
Cyst	19.91	10.49	34	40968	14065	63433955
Respiratory gas exchange disorder	19.76	10.49	8	40994	390	63447630
Oesophageal ulcer	19.62	10.49	19	40983	4471	63443549
Oxygen saturation abnormal	19.44	10.49	17	40985	3512	63444508
Rash macular	19.27	10.49	45	40957	23319	63424701
Chest crushing	19.04	10.49	3	40999	0	63448020
Pneumothorax	18.86	10.49	36	40966	16225	63431795
Folliculitis	18.83	10.49	11	40991	70306	63377714
Lymphadenopathy	18.66	10.49	61	40941	38397	63409623
Acinetobacter infection	18.58	10.49	12	40990	1571	63446449
Lower respiratory tract infection bacterial	18.38	10.49	8	40994	468	63447552
Surgical failure	18.37	10.49	10	40992	956	63447064
Purpura	18.15	10.49	29	40973	11356	63436664
Irritable bowel syndrome	18.01	10.49	16	40986	82396	63365624
Swelling face	18.00	10.49	85	40917	63390	63384630
Scar	17.86	10.49	32	40970	13750	63434270
Cardiac failure congestive	17.58	10.49	111	40891	92322	63355698
Prothrombin time prolonged	17.55	10.49	26	40976	9538	63438482
Erosive oesophagitis	17.48	10.49	12	40990	1738	63446282
Asthenia	17.44	10.49	161	40841	383443	63064577
Documented hypersensitivity to administered product	17.34	10.49	8	40994	537	63447483
Mycobacterial infection	17.28	10.49	12	40990	1771	63446249
Iodine allergy	17.19	10.49	9	40993	795	63447225
Pneumomediastinum	17.14	10.49	11	40991	1425	63446595
Drug-induced liver injury	17.07	10.49	61	40941	40161	63407859
Weight fluctuation	17.03	10.49	26	40976	9793	63438227
Escherichia infection	17.02	10.49	30	40972	12724	63435296
Acute hepatic failure	17.02	10.49	37	40965	18290	63429730
Antibiotic level below therapeutic	16.73	10.49	4	40998	31	63447989
Lower respiratory tract infection	16.68	10.49	38	40964	132269	63315751
Hypoglycaemia	16.65	10.49	9	40993	60056	63387964
Bronchial obstruction	16.65	10.49	11	40991	1496	63446524
Stomatitis	16.57	10.49	41	40961	138684	63309336
Pain	16.47	10.49	359	40643	740269	62707751
Vulval abscess	16.44	10.49	9	40993	870	63447150
Weight increased	16.35	10.49	100	40902	260692	63187328
Thyroxine increased	16.25	10.49	8	40994	621	63447399
Sinus pain	15.98	10.49	15	40987	3395	63444625
Oesophagitis	15.92	10.49	32	40970	14976	63433044
Pseudomonas infection	15.78	10.49	27	40975	11186	63436834
Wound secretion	15.59	10.49	17	40985	4597	63443423
Pneumonia necrotising	15.46	10.49	7	40995	450	63447570
Gas gangrene	15.44	10.49	5	40997	127	63447893
Ill-defined disorder	15.44	10.49	18	40984	81737	63366283
Skin disorder	15.41	10.49	48	40954	29459	63418561
Bile output increased	15.39	10.49	4	40998	45	63447975
Syndactyly	15.31	10.49	7	40995	460	63447560
Tendinous contracture	15.30	10.49	5	40997	131	63447889
Geotrichum infection	15.22	10.49	7	40995	467	63447553
Coagulation factor deficiency	15.14	10.49	3	40999	8	63448012
Allergy to metals	15.07	10.49	8	40994	727	63447293
Breast abscess	15.02	10.49	11	40991	1765	63446255
Sphingomonas paucimobilis infection	15.00	10.49	4	40998	50	63447970
Skin reaction	14.97	10.49	31	40971	14818	63433202
Headache	14.93	10.49	304	40698	632937	62815083
Perihepatic discomfort	14.88	10.49	3	40999	9	63448011
Preterm premature rupture of membranes	14.88	10.49	10	40992	1399	63446621
Treatment failure	14.85	10.49	72	40930	198971	63249049
Venous haemorrhage	14.85	10.49	6	40996	291	63447729
Decreased appetite	14.85	10.49	98	40904	250954	63197066
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	14.74	10.49	52	40950	34011	63414009
Serum sickness-like reaction	14.73	10.49	7	40995	503	63447517
Staphylococcal bacteraemia	14.69	10.49	18	40984	5512	63442508
Anterior segment ischaemia	14.65	10.49	4	40998	55	63447965
Clostridial infection	14.52	10.49	16	40986	4376	63443644
Mobility decreased	14.32	10.49	36	40966	121123	63326897
Megacolon	14.28	10.49	11	40991	1904	63446116
Pulmonary fibrosis	14.27	10.49	4	40998	39805	63408215
Congenital lymphoedema	14.22	10.49	3	40999	12	63448008
Angioedema	14.17	10.49	65	40937	47900	63400120
Haemodynamic instability	14.10	10.49	23	40979	9167	63438853
Factor V inhibition	14.03	10.49	5	40997	171	63447849
Bradycardia	13.96	10.49	16	40986	73211	63374809
Dry skin	13.88	10.49	73	40929	56814	63391206
Joint vibration	13.67	10.49	3	40999	15	63448005
Cholestasis	13.67	10.49	46	40956	29388	63418632
Abdominal wall disorder	13.58	10.49	5	40997	188	63447832
Necrotising fasciitis	13.54	10.49	13	40989	3028	63444992
Tooth extraction	13.51	10.49	24	40978	10240	63437780
Infection protozoal	13.51	10.49	3	40999	16	63448004
Coma	13.47	10.49	13	40989	64351	63383669
Acne pustular	13.41	10.49	5	40997	195	63447825
Fungal sepsis	13.38	10.49	9	40993	1261	63446759
Oesophageal discomfort	13.34	10.49	5	40997	198	63447822
Cleft lip and palate	13.27	10.49	7	40995	628	63447392
Superinfection bacterial	13.19	10.49	7	40995	636	63447384
Loss of personal independence in daily activities	13.04	10.49	27	40975	97263	63350757
Pneumonia	13.04	10.49	212	40790	456555	62991465
Injection site erythema	13.01	10.49	21	40981	83153	63364867
Serratia infection	12.98	10.49	8	40994	965	63447055
Weaning failure	12.98	10.49	6	40996	405	63447615
Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency	12.86	10.49	6	40996	413	63447607
Babesiosis	12.75	10.49	5	40997	224	63447796
Sexual inhibition	12.69	10.49	3	40999	22	63447998
Hepatorenal failure	12.69	10.49	7	40995	687	63447333
Adverse event	12.63	10.49	15	40987	67544	63380476
Fall	12.60	10.49	178	40824	392156	63055864
Abscess jaw	12.58	10.49	9	40993	1393	63446627
Coagulation factor decreased	12.57	10.49	4	40998	96	63447924
Neoplasm progression	12.44	10.49	4	40998	36424	63411596
Acarodermatitis	12.20	10.49	8	40994	1075	63446945
Lemierre syndrome	12.19	10.49	4	40998	106	63447914
Vascular purpura	12.15	10.49	9	40993	1469	63446551
Spinal muscular atrophy	12.15	10.49	3	40999	27	63447993
Sedation	12.01	10.49	5	40997	38804	63409216
Hip arthroplasty	12	10.49	8	40994	47638	63400382
Adenocarcinoma	11.99	10.49	12	40990	2938	63445082
Exophthalmos	11.95	10.49	9	40993	1507	63446513
Tinea infection	11.84	10.49	8	40994	1130	63446890
Necrosis	11.67	10.49	16	40986	5471	63442549
Chronic kidney disease	11.59	10.49	59	40943	45339	63402681
Intentional product use issue	11.55	10.49	43	40959	127849	63320171
Hyphaema	11.46	10.49	5	40997	294	63447726
Oral infection	11.34	10.49	15	40987	4953	63443067
Interstitial lung disease	11.30	10.49	14	40988	61894	63386126
Dermatitis acneiform	11.28	10.49	15	40987	4981	63443039
Eczema	11.25	10.49	46	40956	32245	63415775
Sialoadenitis	11.17	10.49	9	40993	1663	63446357
Tooth infection	11.12	10.49	31	40971	17889	63430131
Abdominal pain upper	11.03	10.49	191	40811	206253	63241767
Skin discharge	11.01	10.49	3	40999	41	63447979
Dysarthria	10.99	10.49	7	40995	42704	63405316
Hepatic cytolysis	10.92	10.49	28	40974	15379	63432641
Fungal infection	10.91	10.49	50	40952	36824	63411196
Tonic convulsion	10.89	10.49	8	40994	1289	63446731
Abdominal sepsis	10.77	10.49	8	40994	1311	63446709
Swelling	10.68	10.49	120	40882	275258	63172762
Lip swelling	10.63	10.49	44	40958	31019	63417001
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome	10.61	10.49	11	40991	2807	63445213
Tracheal haemorrhage	10.59	10.49	4	40998	162	63447858
Skin oedema	10.50	10.49	7	40995	966	63447054

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Drug hypersensitivity	647.78	11.93	489	22885	80040	34853517
Rash maculo-papular	321.36	11.93	213	23161	28238	34905319
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis	207.98	11.93	98	23276	6678	34926879
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction	205.90	11.93	64	23310	1370	34932187
Rash	183.02	11.93	436	22938	222316	34711241
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	165.66	11.93	153	23221	32859	34900698
Drug ineffective	90.71	11.93	567	22807	456184	34477373
Clostridium difficile colitis	88.90	11.93	78	23296	15652	34917905
Toxic skin eruption	79.94	11.93	64	23310	11321	34922236
Death	63.12	11.93	106	23268	397943	34535614
Pseudomembranous colitis	60.82	11.93	32	23342	2759	34930798
Pruritus	56.82	11.93	216	23158	141765	34791792
Kounis syndrome	55.24	11.93	29	23345	2489	34931068
Hepatocellular injury	53.45	11.93	70	23304	22141	34911416
Methaemoglobinaemia	50.80	11.93	31	23343	3550	34930007
Drug resistance	49.35	11.93	73	23301	25854	34907703
Cholestasis	47.21	11.93	73	23301	26875	34906682
Abscess	44.74	11.93	47	23327	11770	34921787
Oesophageal ulcer	44.74	11.93	28	23346	3353	34930204
Drug eruption	43.73	11.93	60	23314	19838	34913719
Graft infection	43.56	11.93	15	23359	447	34933110
Rash erythematous	42.83	11.93	67	23307	24910	34908647
Pathogen resistance	41.90	11.93	41	23333	9441	34924116
Drug-induced liver injury	40.90	11.93	71	23303	28761	34904796
Hidradenitis	40.58	11.93	18	23356	1064	34932493
Necrotising fasciitis	39.87	11.93	27	23347	3695	34929862
Burn oesophageal	37.88	11.93	9	23365	65	34933492
Electrocardiogram U wave present	35.01	11.93	7	23367	19	34933538
Dermatitis allergic	34.88	11.93	32	23342	6798	34926759
Rash morbilliform	34.52	11.93	23	23351	3064	34930493
Erythema	33.77	11.93	133	23241	88647	34844910
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	32.77	11.93	54	23320	20970	34912587
Eosinophilia	32.63	11.93	61	23313	26161	34907396
Hepatitis cholestatic	32.60	11.93	33	23341	7914	34925643
Cholestatic liver injury	32.35	11.93	20	23354	2344	34931213
Drug abuse	32.15	11.93	13	23361	99083	34834474
Surgical failure	31.73	11.93	8	23366	76	34933481
Staphylococcal infection	30.98	11.93	68	23306	32692	34900865
Abscess of salivary gland	30.96	11.93	6	23368	13	34933544
Acute kidney injury	30.71	11.93	325	23049	304663	34628894
Hyper IgE syndrome	28.83	11.93	7	23367	56	34933501
Glomerulosclerosis	28.51	11.93	13	23361	820	34932737
Venolymphatic malformation	28.43	11.93	6	23368	23	34933534
Pyrexia	28.17	11.93	343	23031	332670	34600887
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	28.06	11.93	54	23320	23661	34909896
Mononucleosis syndrome	27.91	11.93	7	23367	65	34933492
Cellulitis	27.59	11.93	88	23286	52863	34880694
Purpura	25.58	11.93	33	23341	10278	34923279
Perineal infection	25.16	11.93	11	23363	628	34932929
Rash pustular	25.05	11.93	24	23350	5384	34928173
Urticaria	24.97	11.93	95	23279	62282	34871275
Scrotal infection	24.93	11.93	11	23363	642	34932915
Optic nerve operation	24.51	11.93	10	23364	480	34933077
Resorption bone increased	23.98	11.93	8	23366	216	34933341
Overgrowth bacterial	23.97	11.93	7	23367	120	34933437
Tooth injury	23.96	11.93	13	23361	1192	34932365
Dermal cyst	23.55	11.93	15	23359	1852	34931705
Mucormycosis	23.15	11.93	24	23350	5918	34927639
Skin graft failure	22.91	11.93	7	23367	141	34933416
Fatigue	22.72	11.93	150	23224	370503	34563054
Hepatic cytolysis	22.27	11.93	37	23337	14459	34919098
Rash pruritic	22.24	11.93	53	23321	26888	34906669
Arteriovenous fistula	22.13	11.93	12	23362	1099	34932458
Aeromonas infection	22.12	11.93	8	23366	276	34933281
Osteomyelitis salmonella	21.99	11.93	5	23369	29	34933528
Osteomyelitis	21.92	11.93	39	23335	16097	34917460
Hypersensitivity vasculitis	21.83	11.93	18	23356	3317	34930240
Cutaneous vasculitis	21.82	11.93	20	23354	4243	34929314
Urinary tract inflammation	21.72	11.93	7	23367	169	34933388
Vascular purpura	21.72	11.93	14	23360	1764	34931793
Toxic epidermal necrolysis	21.69	11.93	46	23328	21600	34911957
Infected dermal cyst	21.64	11.93	11	23363	883	34932674
Stevens-Johnson syndrome	21.51	11.93	42	23332	18597	34914960
Megacolon	21.49	11.93	14	23360	1796	34931761
Pneumatosis intestinalis	21.25	11.93	19	23355	3904	34929653
Eosinophilic pneumonia	21.06	11.93	18	23356	3483	34930074
Renal hypoplasia	21.05	11.93	6	23368	94	34933463
Anamnestic reaction	20.82	11.93	5	23369	38	34933519
Acne fulminans	20.51	11.93	7	23367	203	34933354
Vanishing bile duct syndrome	20.29	11.93	11	23363	1007	34932550
Calcium deficiency	20.16	11.93	7	23367	214	34933343
Erysipelas	19.59	11.93	20	23354	4843	34928714
Toxicity to various agents	19.28	11.93	69	23305	200293	34733264
Pulmonary venous thrombosis	19.02	11.93	6	23368	135	34933422
Neuropsychiatric symptoms	18.69	11.93	10	23364	892	34932665
Infectious mononucleosis	18.63	11.93	9	23365	647	34932910
Cardiac failure congestive	18.54	11.93	17	23357	83253	34850304
Pouchitis	18.19	11.93	9	23365	682	34932875
Gastrointestinal mucosa hyperaemia	18.18	11.93	7	23367	288	34933269
SAPHO syndrome	18.14	11.93	7	23367	290	34933267
Antibiotic level below therapeutic	18.13	11.93	5	23369	69	34933488
Conductive deafness	17.85	11.93	7	23367	303	34933254
Clostridium test positive	17.74	11.93	16	23358	3326	34930231
General physical health deterioration	17.71	11.93	37	23337	128232	34805325
Agranulocytosis	17.68	11.93	45	23329	23776	34909781
Tendon pain	17.21	11.93	15	23359	2980	34930577
Vitamin A deficiency	16.70	11.93	4	23370	30	34933527
Myocardial infarction	16.66	11.93	35	23339	121050	34812507
Kidney fibrosis	16.66	11.93	13	23361	2215	34931342
Oesophagitis ulcerative	16.62	11.93	9	23365	822	34932735
Completed suicide	16.54	11.93	25	23349	98143	34835414
Overdose	16.52	11.93	22	23352	91037	34842520
Coma	16.51	11.93	5	23369	45673	34887884
Swelling face	16.48	11.93	43	23331	23062	34910495
Leukocytosis	16.37	11.93	44	23330	24021	34909536
Urine alcohol test positive	16.26	11.93	4	23370	34	34933523
Cerebrovascular accident	15.89	11.93	20	23354	84791	34848766
Drug clearance increased	15.66	11.93	5	23369	117	34933440
Premature baby	15.53	11.93	38	23336	19595	34913962
Malaise	15.33	11.93	68	23306	185757	34747800
Memory impairment	15.19	11.93	5	23369	43313	34890244
Insomnia	15.18	11.93	29	23345	103878	34829679
Allergic reaction to excipient	15.09	11.93	4	23370	47	34933510
Intracranial aneurysm	15.00	11.93	11	23363	1707	34931850
Fungal infection	14.97	11.93	33	23341	15902	34917655
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome	14.97	11.93	95	23279	76471	34857086
Prostate cancer	14.96	11.93	4	23370	39645	34893912
Biopsy liver	14.93	11.93	6	23368	277	34933280
Electrocardiogram U-wave abnormality	14.79	11.93	4	23370	51	34933506
Septic shock	14.59	11.93	90	23284	71744	34861813
Dermatitis exfoliative	14.55	11.93	20	23354	6619	34926938
Vertical infection transmission	14.54	11.93	3	23371	10	34933547
Pancytopenia	14.45	11.93	111	23263	95046	34838511
Beta haemolytic streptococcal infection	14.26	11.93	7	23367	521	34933036
Oesophagitis	14.24	11.93	29	23345	13232	34920325
Oesophagitis chemical	14.13	11.93	4	23370	61	34933496
Pulmonary function test	14.11	11.93	3	23371	12	34933545
Tremor	13.94	11.93	21	23353	82566	34850991
Vitamin B1 deficiency	13.88	11.93	6	23368	333	34933224
Intentional overdose	13.72	11.93	6	23368	43668	34889889
Diarrhoea	13.67	11.93	349	23025	389563	34543994
Staphylococcal sepsis	13.64	11.93	24	23350	9820	34923737
Arthrofibrosis	13.57	11.93	4	23370	71	34933486
Sialoadenitis	13.55	11.93	7	23367	581	34932976
Proctitis	13.54	11.93	12	23362	2437	34931120
Anal ulcer	13.42	11.93	8	23366	878	34932679
Folate deficiency	13.33	11.93	9	23365	1225	34932332
Debridement	13.28	11.93	8	23366	895	34932662
Umbilical hernia	13.25	11.93	16	23358	4661	34928896
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia	13.20	11.93	8	23366	904	34932653
Scar	13.17	11.93	18	23356	5926	34927631
Magnesium deficiency	13.12	11.93	4	23370	80	34933477
Medical device site joint infection	13.12	11.93	4	23370	80	34933477
Device toxicity	12.97	11.93	3	23371	19	34933538
Anal fistula	12.96	11.93	17	23357	5382	34928175
Atrioventricular block	12.95	11.93	21	23353	8042	34925515
Blood alkaline phosphatase increased	12.90	11.93	48	23326	31127	34902430
Condition aggravated	12.88	11.93	190	23184	192006	34741551
Post procedural fistula	12.80	11.93	4	23370	87	34933470
Toxic shock syndrome streptococcal	12.71	11.93	3	23371	21	34933536
Hyperthermia malignant	12.70	11.93	11	23363	2166	34931391
Primary biliary cholangitis	12.67	11.93	5	23369	220	34933337
Candida infection	12.67	11.93	33	23341	17682	34915875
Leg amputation	12.59	11.93	11	23363	2193	34931364
Dry gangrene	12.40	11.93	6	23368	433	34933124
Eyelid function disorder	12.36	11.93	3	23371	24	34933533
Headache	12.35	11.93	81	23293	200554	34733003
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated tuberculosis	12.16	11.93	6	23368	452	34933105
Urinary tract infection fungal	12.12	11.93	6	23368	455	34933102
Cardiac failure	12.03	11.93	27	23347	91221	34842336
Polycystic liver disease	11.99	11.93	4	23370	108	34933449
Limb fracture	11.95	11.93	3	23371	28	34933529

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Drug hypersensitivity	1305.45	10.36	1263	50626	297653	79394846
Rash maculo-papular	593.14	10.36	399	51490	55679	79636820
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis	540.67	10.36	251	51638	17003	79675496
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction	347.74	10.36	122	51767	3959	79688540
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	327.78	10.36	297	51592	63947	79628552
Rash	323.41	10.36	965	50924	577393	79115106
Toxic skin eruption	268.09	10.36	172	51717	22121	79670378
Clostridium difficile colitis	152.43	10.36	143	51746	32140	79660359
Hidradenitis	133.16	10.36	56	51833	2988	79689511
Drug resistance	110.74	10.36	137	51752	42076	79650423
Pruritus	107.93	10.36	525	51364	394123	79298376
Loss of employment	107.86	10.36	46	51843	2541	79689958
Graft infection	104.04	10.36	32	51857	679	79691820
Erythema	95.58	10.36	341	51548	222949	79469550
Eosinophilia	93.88	10.36	131	51758	45214	79647285
Urticaria	92.61	10.36	298	51591	184903	79507596
Pseudomembranous colitis	91.89	10.36	52	51837	5322	79687177
Clostridium difficile infection	90.89	10.36	125	51764	42560	79649939
Drug ineffective	90.55	10.36	1086	50803	1079827	78612672
Abscess	90.26	10.36	92	51797	22859	79669640
Death	79.78	10.36	155	51734	566359	79126140
Synovitis	78.28	10.36	5	51884	150729	79541770
Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema	77.44	10.36	27	51862	859	79691640
Pathogen resistance	74.44	10.36	67	51822	14275	79678224
Rash morbilliform	70.35	10.36	46	51843	6104	79686395
Drug abuse	67.82	10.36	12	51877	162679	79529820
Rash erythematous	67.74	10.36	129	51760	57640	79634859
Pyrexia	67.53	10.36	706	51183	678003	79014496
Cellulitis	65.28	10.36	187	51702	108873	79583626
Oesophageal ulcer	65.09	10.36	46	51843	6929	79685570
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	62.66	10.36	99	51790	38136	79654363
Cholestasis	60.65	10.36	116	51773	51993	79640506
Drug-induced liver injury	60.21	10.36	133	51756	65984	79626515
Joint swelling	57.26	10.36	62	51827	288584	79403915
Drug eruption	56.38	10.36	102	51787	43833	79648666
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome	54.29	10.36	187	51702	120059	79572440
Staphylococcal infection	52.78	10.36	117	51772	58178	79634321
Acute kidney injury	51.89	10.36	541	51348	518863	79173636
Methaemoglobinaemia	50.36	10.36	36	51853	5521	79686978
Toxic epidermal necrolysis	49.14	10.36	97	51792	44484	79648015
Purpura	49.00	10.36	62	51827	19465	79673034
Pemphigus	47.02	10.36	5	51884	99577	79592922
Stevens-Johnson syndrome	46.58	10.36	88	51801	39078	79653421
Leukocytosis	46.04	10.36	93	51796	43362	79649137
Surgical failure	44.86	10.36	18	51871	851	79691648
Completed suicide	44.22	10.36	57	51832	245710	79446789
Septic shock	43.77	10.36	177	51712	122624	79569875
Toxicity to various agents	43.07	10.36	136	51753	421404	79271095
Hepatocellular injury	42.49	10.36	95	51794	47498	79645001
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive	42.45	10.36	3	51886	83140	79609359
Kounis syndrome	41.73	10.36	29	51860	4253	79688246
Hand deformity	40.50	10.36	9	51880	103910	79588589
Glossodynia	40.17	10.36	9	51880	103328	79589171
Premature delivery	40.17	10.36	62	51827	23405	79669094
Necrotising fasciitis	39.00	10.36	32	51857	6018	79686481
Rheumatoid arthritis	38.91	10.36	47	51842	208423	79484076
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication	38.91	10.36	96	51793	51142	79641357
Type I hypersensitivity	38.73	10.36	28	51861	4370	79688129
Diarrhoea	37.85	10.36	792	51097	879697	78812802
Antibiotic level below therapeutic	36.68	10.36	9	51880	78	79692421
Hepatic cytolysis	36.07	10.36	64	51825	27087	79665412
Hepatitis infectious mononucleosis	35.88	10.36	10	51879	148	79692351
Systemic lupus erythematosus	35.79	10.36	17	51872	121132	79571367
Face oedema	35.69	10.36	65	51824	28071	79664428
Pericarditis	35.07	10.36	12	51877	104224	79588275
Vascular purpura	35.01	10.36	23	51866	3075	79689424
Gastric disorder	34.86	10.36	76	51813	37357	79655142
Oesophagitis	34.54	10.36	59	51830	24230	79668269
Helicobacter infection	34.23	10.36	3	51886	69701	79622798
Cholestatic liver injury	33.68	10.36	27	51862	4914	79687585
Candida infection	32.69	10.36	75	51814	38139	79654360
Burn oesophageal	32.17	10.36	10	51879	220	79692279
Rash macular	31.99	10.36	63	51826	28836	79663663
Fatigue	31.67	10.36	421	51468	929306	78763193
Hepatitis cholestatic	31.66	10.36	42	51847	13810	79678689
Erysipelas	31.36	10.36	37	51852	10813	79681686
Idiosyncratic drug reaction	31.24	10.36	16	51873	1341	79691158
Hepatic steatosis	31.11	10.36	73	51816	37665	79654834
Intentional overdose	31.10	10.36	15	51874	105945	79586554
Klebsiella infection	30.44	10.36	44	51845	15676	79676823
Megacolon	30.21	10.36	22	51867	3473	79689026
Alopecia	30.19	10.36	66	51823	231289	79461210
Arthropathy	29.90	10.36	43	51846	177068	79515431
Acute hepatic failure	29.03	10.36	62	51827	30051	79662448
Escherichia infection	28.62	10.36	46	51843	17971	79674528
Toxic shock syndrome streptococcal	28.54	10.36	8	51881	121	79692378
Coma	28.41	10.36	15	51874	100634	79591865
Fungal infection	28.35	10.36	75	51814	41673	79650826
Tubo-ovarian abscess	28.25	10.36	10	51879	333	79692166
Swelling face	28.09	10.36	106	51783	71106	79621393
Mucormycosis	28.06	10.36	31	51858	8438	79684061
Abscess of salivary gland	28.00	10.36	6	51883	26	79692473
Peripheral swelling	27.49	10.36	87	51802	269530	79422969
Clostridium test positive	27.45	10.36	27	51862	6427	79686072
Pneumococcal infection	27.11	10.36	13	51876	945	79691554
Cutaneous vasculitis	26.99	10.36	30	51859	8222	79684277
Rash pustular	26.94	10.36	35	51854	11276	79681223
Lymphadenopathy	26.86	10.36	86	51803	53161	79639338
Toxic shock syndrome	26.66	10.36	14	51875	1235	79691264
Anaphylactic reaction	26.17	10.36	116	51773	83627	79608872
Perineal infection	26.08	10.36	12	51877	795	79691704
Scrotal infection	25.89	10.36	11	51878	602	79691897
Post infection glomerulonephritis	25.41	10.36	7	51882	99	79692400
Optic nerve operation	24.78	10.36	10	51879	480	79692019
Reaction to azo-dyes	24.77	10.36	5	51884	15	79692484
Overdose	24.48	10.36	52	51837	184154	79508345
Abscess neck	24.37	10.36	13	51876	1184	79691315
Osteomyelitis	24.34	10.36	61	51828	32804	79659695
Acne fulminans	24.29	10.36	8	51881	213	79692286
Hypoglossal nerve paresis	24.27	10.36	7	51882	118	79692381
Dysbiosis	24.15	10.36	13	51876	1206	79691293
Mastitis	24.12	10.36	16	51873	2175	79690324
Hypersensitivity vasculitis	24.02	10.36	26	51863	6917	79685582
Suicide attempt	23.94	10.36	12	51877	82920	79609579
Confusional state	23.87	10.36	116	51773	317881	79374618
Electrocardiogram U wave present	23.74	10.36	7	51882	128	79692371
Mononucleosis syndrome	23.74	10.36	7	51882	128	79692371
Pseudomonas infection	23.66	10.36	46	51843	20857	79671642
Asthenia	23.18	10.36	217	51672	511472	79181027
Agranulocytosis	22.96	10.36	73	51816	44957	79647542
SAPHO syndrome	22.70	10.36	9	51880	412	79692087
Skin exfoliation	22.55	10.36	83	51806	55017	79637482
Glomerulosclerosis	22.33	10.36	12	51877	1110	79691389
Swelling of eyelid	22.17	10.36	19	51870	3792	79688707
Type IIb hyperlipidaemia	21.98	10.36	5	51884	30	79692469
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis	21.91	10.36	19	51870	3853	79688646
Bartholinitis	21.84	10.36	5	51884	31	79692468
Anamnestic reaction	21.70	10.36	5	51884	32	79692467
Skin lesion	21.48	10.36	68	51821	41776	79650723
Puerperal pyrexia	21.44	10.36	5	51884	34	79692465
Overgrowth bacterial	20.82	10.36	7	51882	199	79692300
Sialoadenitis	20.56	10.36	14	51875	1987	79690512
Osteomyelitis salmonella	20.41	10.36	5	51884	43	79692456
Arteriovenous fistula	20.22	10.36	12	51877	1342	79691157
Erosive oesophagitis	20.18	10.36	16	51873	2866	79689633
Aeromonas infection	20.14	10.36	8	51881	368	79692131
Skin graft failure	20.01	10.36	7	51882	225	79692274
Conductive deafness	19.64	10.36	7	51882	238	79692261
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	19.41	10.36	68	51821	43999	79648500
Osteonecrosis of jaw	19.30	10.36	67	51822	43159	79649340
Insomnia	19.23	10.36	88	51801	245082	79447417
Product use in unapproved indication	19.20	10.36	248	51641	250111	79442388
Neoplasm progression	19.11	10.36	5	51884	51677	79640822
Clostridial infection	19.08	10.36	21	51868	5693	79686806
Skin reaction	18.97	10.36	36	51853	16032	79676467
Tendinous contracture	18.97	10.36	6	51883	140	79692359
Blood cholesterol increased	18.89	10.36	16	51873	83704	79608795
Musculoskeletal stiffness	18.88	10.36	55	51834	174953	79517546
Cerebrovascular accident	18.88	10.36	46	51843	155246	79537253
Gas gangrene	18.75	10.36	7	51882	272	79692227
Tremor	18.68	10.36	53	51836	170030	79522469
Somnolence	18.61	10.36	86	51803	238895	79453604
Pulmonary venous thrombosis	18.50	10.36	6	51883	152	79692347
Infected dermal cyst	18.40	10.36	11	51878	1247	79691252
Drug intolerance	18.31	10.36	99	51790	264020	79428479
Dermatitis allergic	18.25	10.36	38	51851	18092	79674407
Anaphylactic shock	18.03	10.36	58	51831	35938	79656561
Dizziness	17.99	10.36	238	51651	526203	79166296
Discomfort	17.94	10.36	34	51855	125583	79566916
Ophthalmoplegia	17.93	10.36	15	51874	2897	79689602
Angioedema	17.80	10.36	97	51792	75938	79616561
Tendon pain	17.53	10.36	20	51869	5638	79686861
Urine alcohol test positive	17.45	10.36	4	51885	25	79692474
Vulval abscess	17.28	10.36	9	51880	781	79691718
Skin disorder	17.28	10.36	55	51834	33888	79658611
Infusion related reaction	17.26	10.36	84	51805	230153	79462346
Myocardial infarction	17.00	10.36	62	51827	184067	79508432
Necrotising oesophagitis	16.98	10.36	10	51879	1103	79691396
Muscle necrosis	16.91	10.36	11	51878	1447	79691052
Scar	16.66	10.36	33	51856	15163	79677336
Prothrombin time prolonged	16.53	10.36	35	51854	16864	79675635
Sepsis syndrome	16.51	10.36	11	51878	1506	79690993
Subcutaneous abscess	16.50	10.36	23	51866	7926	79684573
Decreased appetite	16.45	10.36	143	51746	342275	79350224
Eye swelling	16.42	10.36	46	51843	26422	79666077
Haemolytic anaemia	16.39	10.36	36	51853	17784	79674715
Pancytopenia	16.17	10.36	172	51717	165573	79526926
Wound secretion	16.09	10.36	20	51869	6168	79686331
Acute myocardial infarction	15.87	10.36	16	51873	77020	79615479
Pustule	15.83	10.36	12	51877	2013	79690486
Tooth injury	15.81	10.36	12	51877	2016	79690483
Urinary tract inflammation	15.58	10.36	6	51883	254	79692245
Oxygen saturation abnormal	15.58	10.36	17	51872	4565	79687934
Headache	15.57	10.36	316	51573	653456	79039043
Vasculitis necrotising	15.55	10.36	10	51879	1290	79691209
Odynophagia	15.43	10.36	27	51862	11300	79681199
Weaning failure	15.22	10.36	8	51881	707	79691792
Bile output increased	15.20	10.36	4	51885	47	79692452
Eosinophilic pneumonia	15.17	10.36	18	51871	5292	79687207
Nephritis allergic	15.07	10.36	8	51881	722	79691777
Gastrointestinal mucosa hyperaemia	15.01	10.36	7	51882	478	79692021
Dermatitis exfoliative	15.00	10.36	26	51863	10803	79681696
Leg amputation	14.97	10.36	15	51874	3651	79688848
Vanishing bile duct syndrome	14.93	10.36	11	51878	1767	79690732
Rectocele repair	14.86	10.36	3	51886	9	79692490
Perihepatic discomfort	14.86	10.36	3	51886	9	79692490
Thyroxine increased	14.80	10.36	8	51881	748	79691751
Sinus pain	14.71	10.36	15	51874	3727	79688772
Anterior segment ischaemia	14.62	10.36	4	51885	55	79692444
Post procedural fistula	14.48	10.36	6	51883	308	79692191
Acinetobacter infection	14.46	10.36	13	51876	2764	79689735
Breast abscess	14.45	10.36	10	51879	1456	79691043
Lemierre syndrome	14.40	10.36	5	51884	157	79692342
Accidental overdose	14.31	10.36	4	51885	39577	79652922
Allergy to metals	14.23	10.36	7	51882	538	79691961
Clostridium colitis	14.21	10.36	13	51876	2826	79689673
Cerebral toxoplasmosis	14.20	10.36	12	51877	2350	79690149
Injection site erythema	14.19	10.36	18	51871	78179	79614320
Oesophageal discomfort	14.13	10.36	6	51883	328	79692171
Cardio-respiratory arrest	14.10	10.36	31	51858	108479	79584020
Abscess limb	14.09	10.36	20	51869	7007	79685492
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	14.05	10.36	10	51879	57112	79635387
Postoperative wound infection	14.04	10.36	28	51861	12933	79679566
Pulmonary function test	14.00	10.36	3	51886	13	79692486
Hyper IgE syndrome	13.92	10.36	7	51882	564	79691935
Respiratory gas exchange disorder	13.92	10.36	8	51881	843	79691656
Cognitive disorder	13.86	10.36	15	51874	69911	79622588
Venous haemorrhage	13.79	10.36	6	51883	348	79692151
Tinea infection	13.75	10.36	9	51880	1196	79691303
Wound	13.66	10.36	35	51854	116144	79576355
Joint vibration	13.65	10.36	3	51886	15	79692484
Babesiosis	13.65	10.36	6	51883	357	79692142
Infectious mononucleosis	13.58	10.36	11	51878	2031	79690468
Pulmonary fibrosis	13.32	10.36	6	51883	44106	79648393
Rash pruritic	13.30	10.36	86	51803	71543	79620956
Oesophagitis chemical	13.23	10.36	4	51885	80	79692419
Serum sickness-like reaction	13.22	10.36	7	51882	628	79691871
Infection protozoal	13.19	10.36	3	51886	18	79692481
Gait disturbance	13.18	10.36	80	51809	207426	79485073
Documented hypersensitivity to administered product	13.13	10.36	8	51881	939	79691560
Skin odour abnormal	13.12	10.36	11	51878	2130	79690369
Bursitis infective	13.10	10.36	9	51880	1295	79691204
Lower respiratory tract infection bacterial	13.06	10.36	8	51881	948	79691551
Device toxicity	13.05	10.36	3	51886	19	79692480
Sedation	12.87	10.36	9	51880	51886	79640613
Vitamin A deficiency	12.78	10.36	4	51885	90	79692409
Coagulation factor decreased	12.74	10.36	5	51884	223	79692276
Fall	12.73	10.36	232	51657	487397	79205102
Electrocardiogram U-wave abnormality	12.70	10.36	4	51885	92	79692407
Dermal cyst	12.69	10.36	12	51877	2720	79689779
Pneumonia	12.66	10.36	330	51559	659916	79032583
Ischaemic stroke	12.65	10.36	3	51886	33128	79659371
Skin infection	12.61	10.36	33	51856	18212	79674287
Bronchial obstruction	12.56	10.36	12	51877	2756	79689743
Stomatitis	12.52	10.36	51	51838	146706	79545793
Pneumatosis intestinalis	12.52	10.36	18	51871	6379	79686120
Fungal sepsis	12.47	10.36	10	51879	1820	79690679
Neuropsychiatric symptoms	12.44	10.36	9	51880	1406	79691093
Interstitial lung disease	12.43	10.36	35	51854	112565	79579934
Pain	12.40	10.36	356	51533	703446	78989053
Platelet count decreased	12.39	10.36	75	51814	194589	79497910
Orthostatic hypotension	12.34	10.36	11	51878	56153	79636346
Haemorrhagic vasculitis	12.24	10.36	4	51885	104	79692395
Infected skin ulcer	12.23	10.36	13	51876	3388	79689111
Tooth extraction	12.21	10.36	24	51865	10971	79681528
Sphingomonas paucimobilis infection	12.17	10.36	4	51885	106	79692393
Resorption bone increased	12.11	10.36	9	51880	1466	79691033
Scedosporium infection	12.09	10.36	9	51880	1469	79691030
Drug clearance increased	11.92	10.36	5	51884	265	79692234
Arthrofibrosis	11.89	10.36	4	51885	114	79692385
International normalised ratio increased	11.85	10.36	95	51794	84626	79607873
Adverse event	11.85	10.36	13	51876	60201	79632298
Infective uveitis	11.84	10.36	3	51886	30	79692469
Dry skin	11.64	10.36	80	51809	67915	79624584
Abdominal tenderness	11.61	10.36	23	51866	10571	79681928
Lower respiratory tract infection	11.60	10.36	44	51845	129176	79563323
White matter lesion	11.60	10.36	10	51879	2012	79690487
Aspergillus infection	11.59	10.36	33	51856	19128	79673371
Lip swelling	11.54	10.36	55	51834	40856	79651643
Candida osteomyelitis	11.50	10.36	3	51886	34	79692465
Gastrointestinal submucosal tumour	11.48	10.36	4	51885	127	79692372
Mycobacterial infection	11.42	10.36	13	51876	3655	79688844
Oesophagitis ulcerative	11.38	10.36	8	51881	1195	79691304
Mobility decreased	11.36	10.36	41	51848	122134	79570365
Medication error	11.25	10.36	17	51872	68625	79623874
Abdominal wall disorder	11.24	10.36	5	51884	306	79692193
Weight fluctuation	11.21	10.36	24	51865	11651	79680848
Limb fracture	11.19	10.36	3	51886	38	79692461
Sensory disturbance	11.18	10.36	28	51861	15049	79677450
Weight increased	11.14	10.36	121	51768	277265	79415234
Oral infection	11.09	10.36	16	51873	5691	79686808
Upper respiratory tract infection bacterial	11.08	10.36	4	51885	141	79692358
Therapeutic product effect incomplete	11.00	10.36	51	51838	141594	79550905
Calcium deficiency	10.96	10.36	7	51882	892	79691607
Skin oedema	10.79	10.36	9	51880	1732	79690767
Atrial fibrillation	10.71	10.36	80	51809	197806	79494693
General physical health deterioration	10.68	10.36	121	51768	275117	79417382
Intracranial mass	10.64	10.36	10	51879	2249	79690250
Serratia infection	10.63	10.36	9	51880	1767	79690732
Haemodynamic instability	10.58	10.36	30	51859	17352	79675147
Papule	10.54	10.36	18	51871	7389	79685110
Biopsy liver	10.53	10.36	6	51883	622	79691877
Neutrophil count decreased	10.52	10.36	29	51860	93930	79598569
Loss of personal independence in daily activities	10.51	10.36	33	51856	102547	79589952
Osteoarthritis	10.50	10.36	26	51863	87283	79605216
Swollen tongue	10.43	10.36	55	51834	42515	79649984
Eye discharge	10.41	10.36	16	51873	6018	79686481
Anal ulcer	10.41	10.36	8	51881	1370	79691129
Geotrichum infection	10.40	10.36	7	51882	974	79691525
Polycystic liver disease	10.40	10.36	4	51885	169	79692330
Vulvovaginal discomfort	10.36	10.36	9	51880	1829	79690670

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

Source	Code	Description
ATC	D10AF01	DERMATOLOGICALS ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE Antiinfectives for treatment of acne
ATC	D10AF51	DERMATOLOGICALS ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE Antiinfectives for treatment of acne
ATC	G01AA10	GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS Antibiotics
ATC	J01FF01	ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE MACROLIDES, LINCOSAMIDES AND STREPTOGRAMINS Lincosamides
FDA CS	M0515779	Lincosamides
FDA PE	N0000009982	Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity
FDA EPC	N0000175443	Lincosamide Antibacterial
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35703	Xenobiotic
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:78298	environmental contaminants
MeSH PA	D000900	Anti-Bacterial Agents
MeSH PA	D000890	Anti-Infective Agents
MeSH PA	D004791	Enzyme Inhibitors
MeSH PA	D011500	Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
FDA PE	N0000175731	Neuromuscular Blockade

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

Disease	Relation	SNOMED_ID	DOID
Anaerobic septicemia	indication	1976008
Bacterial septicemia	indication	10001005	DOID:0040085
Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue	indication	19824006
Staphylococcal pneumonia	indication	22754005
Streptococcal septicemia	indication	29577008
Pneumonia due to Streptococcus	indication	34020007
Empyema of pleura	indication	58554001	DOID:3798
Acne vulgaris	indication	88616000
Infection of bone	indication	111253001
Staphylococcal septicemia	indication	111821004
Infectious disease of abdomen	indication	128070006
Pneumococcal pneumonia	indication	233607000
Gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens	indication	266093005
Streptococcus pyogenes infection	indication	302809008
Infectious disorder of joint	indication	363162000
Infection due to Staphylococcus aureus	indication	406602003
Bacterial vaginosis	indication	419760006	DOID:3385
Aspiration pneumonia	indication	422588002	DOID:3240
Infection due to anaerobic bacteria	indication	423451008
Osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus	indication	428783003
Inflammatory Disease of Female Pelvic Organs	indication
Anaerobic Joint Infection	indication
Anaerobic Tubo-Ovarian Abscess	indication
Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis	indication
Anaerobic Peritonitis	indication
Clostridium Perfringens Empyema	indication
Anaerobic Pelvic Cellulitis	indication
Anaerobic Lung Abscess	indication
Skin and Skin Structure Anaerobic Infection	indication
Bacteroides Endomyometritis	indication
Anaerobic Endometritis	indication
Intra-Abdominal Anaerobic Abscess	indication
Pyrexia of unknown origin	off-label use	7520000
Inhalational anthrax	off-label use	11389007
Actinomycotic infection	off-label use	11817007	DOID:8478
Babesiosis	off-label use	21061004	DOID:9643
Sinusitis	off-label use	36971009
Erysipelas	off-label use	44653001	DOID:11330
Malaria	off-label use	61462000	DOID:12365
Acute bacterial sinusitis	off-label use	75498004
Cutaneous anthrax	off-label use	84980006	DOID:7426
Gastrointestinal anthrax	off-label use	111798006	DOID:13386
Bacterial infection of skin	off-label use	128936008
Toxoplasmosis	off-label use	187192000	DOID:9965
Diverticulitis of gastrointestinal tract	off-label use	271366000
Infective otitis media	off-label use	312218008
Rosacea	off-label use	398909004	DOID:8881
Anthrax	off-label use	409498004	DOID:7427
Pneumocystosis jiroveci pneumonia	off-label use	415125002	DOID:11339
Toxoplasmosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	off-label use	421666009
Diabetic Foot Infection	off-label use
Chloroquine Resistant Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria	off-label use
Encephalitis due to Toxoplasmosis	off-label use
Diabetic Foot Infection Due to Gram-Positive Bacteria	off-label use
Gardnerella Vaginalis Bacterial Vaginosis	off-label use
Sunburn	contraindication	23346002
Atopic dermatitis	contraindication	24079001	DOID:3310
Crohn's disease	contraindication	34000006
Eczema	contraindication	43116000
Acute nephropathy	contraindication	58574008
Hepatic failure	contraindication	59927004
Diarrhea	contraindication	62315008
Ulcerative colitis	contraindication	64766004	DOID:8577
Candidal vulvovaginitis	contraindication	72605008	DOID:2272
Pregnancy, function	contraindication	289908002
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis	contraindication	397683000
Erythroderma	contraindication	399992009
Breastfeeding (mother)	contraindication	413712001
Inflammatory dermatosis	contraindication	703938007
Bloody Stools	contraindication

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

Species	Use	Relation
Cats	Skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus	Indication
Cats	Skin infections caused by S intermedius	Indication
Cats	Skin infections caused by Streptococcus species	Indication
Cats	Deep wounds and abscesses caused by Clostridium perfringens	Indication
Cats	Deep wounds and abscesses caused by Bacteroides fragilis	Indication
Cats	Dental infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus	Indication
Cats	Dental infections caused by S intermedius	Indication
Cats	Dental infections caused by Streptococcus species	Indication
Cats	Dental infections caused by C perfringens	Indication
Cats	Dental infections caused by B fragilis	Indication
Dogs	Skin infections caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci	Indication
Dogs	Deep wounds and abscesses caused by Bacteroides fragilis	Indication
Dogs	Deep wounds and abscesses caused by Prevotella melaninogenicus	Indication
Dogs	Deep wounds and abscesses caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum	Indication
Dogs	Deep wounds and abscesses caused by Clostridium perfringens	Indication
Dogs	Dental infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus	Indication
Dogs	Dental infections caused by B fragilis	Indication
Dogs	Dental infections caused by P melaninogenicus	Indication
Dogs	Dental infections caused by F necrophorum	Indication
Dogs	Dental infections caused by C perfringens	Indication
Dogs	Osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus	Indication
Dogs	Osteomyelitis caused by B fragilis	Indication
Dogs	Osteomyelitis caused by P melaninogenicus	Indication
Dogs	Osteomyelitis caused by F necrophorum	Indication
Dogs	Osteomyelitis caused by C perfringens	Indication

🐶 Veterinary products

Product	Applicant	Ingredients
Antirobe Capsules	Zoetis Inc.	1
Antirobe Aquadrops	Zoetis Inc.	1
Clindamycin Hydrochloride Oral Liquid	Cronus Pharma Specialities India Private Limited	1
Clinsol	Virbac AH Inc.	1
Clindamycin Hydrochloride Capsules	Cronus Pharma Specialities India Private Limited	1
Clintabs	Virbac AH Inc.	1
Clindamycin Hydrochloride Oral Drops	First Priority Inc.	1
ClindaMed Oral Drops	Bimeda Animal Health Limited	1

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation level	Dissociation constant	Type (acidic/basic)
pKa1	12.85	acidic
pKa2	13.38	acidic
pKa3	7.52	Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

Target	Class	Pharos	UniProt	Action	Type	Activity value (-log[M])	Mechanism action	Bioact source	MoA source
50S ribosomal protein L10	Ribosomal protein		RL10_HALMA					WOMBAT-PK

External reference:

ID	Source
4019683	VUID
N0000147775	NUI
D00277	KEGG_DRUG
21462-39-5	SECONDARY_CAS_RN
2582	RXNORM
4018082	VANDF
4019683	VANDF
C0008947	UMLSCUI
CHEBI:3745	CHEBI
CLY	PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL1753	ChEMBL_ID
CHEMBL1200588	ChEMBL_ID
D002981	MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
DB01190	DRUGBANK_ID
446598	PUBCHEM_CID
10607	IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
2550	INN_ID
3U02EL437C	UNII
11401	MMSL
4466	MMSL
4467	MMSL
d00043	MMSL
002794	NDDF
002795	NDDF
372786004	SNOMEDCT_US
58883005	SNOMEDCT_US
63084001	SNOMEDCT_US

Pharmaceutical products:

Product	Category	Ingredients	NDC	Form	Quantity	Route	Marketing	Label
Cleocin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0009-0225	CAPSULE	150 mg	ORAL	NDA	27 sections
Cleocin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0009-0225	CAPSULE	150 mg	ORAL	NDA	27 sections
Cleocin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0009-0331	CAPSULE	75 mg	ORAL	NDA	27 sections
Cleocin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0009-0331	CAPSULE	75 mg	ORAL	NDA	27 sections
Cleocin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0009-0395	CAPSULE	300 mg	ORAL	NDA	27 sections
Cleocin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0009-0395	CAPSULE	300 mg	ORAL	NDA	27 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0527-1381	CAPSULE	75 mg	ORAL	ANDA	22 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0527-1382	CAPSULE	150 mg	ORAL	ANDA	22 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0527-1383	CAPSULE	300 mg	ORAL	ANDA	22 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0591-2932	CAPSULE	300 mg	ORAL	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0591-5708	CAPSULE	150 mg	ORAL	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0713-3171	CAPSULE	150 mg	ORAL	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0713-5256	CAPSULE	300 mg	ORAL	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-3288	INJECTION, SOLUTION	6 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-3288	INJECTION, SOLUTION	6 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-3289	INJECTION, SOLUTION	12 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-3289	INJECTION, SOLUTION	12 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-3290	INJECTION, SOLUTION	18 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-3290	INJECTION, SOLUTION	18 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	24 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9220	INJECTION, SOLUTION	6 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9220	INJECTION, SOLUTION	6 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9220	INJECTION, SOLUTION	6 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9221	INJECTION, SOLUTION	12 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9221	INJECTION, SOLUTION	12 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9221	INJECTION, SOLUTION	12 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9222	INJECTION, SOLUTION	18 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9222	INJECTION, SOLUTION	18 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0781-9222	INJECTION, SOLUTION	18 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-5959	CAPSULE	150 mg	ORAL	ANDA	23 sections
Clindamycin Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-7194	CAPSULE	300 mg	ORAL	ANDA	24 sections