Drug results: 81

phenylbutanoic acid Approved in combination with taurursodiol, as relyvrio, for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in adults.The mechanism by which relyvrio exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with ALS is unknown.
aminosalicylic acid An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.
aminobenzoic acid An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.
aminomethylbenzoic acid
aminobutyric acid The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
homonicotinic acid
arsanilic acid An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.
adipic acid
aminopterin Aminopterin is a folic acid amino derivative with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. It binds competitively to the folate binding site of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, blocking tetrahydrofolate synthesis, and resulting in depletion of nucleotide precursors and inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.
fumaric acid see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters
aminosalicylic acid hydrazide
aminohippuric acid The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.
oxiniacic acid
homarylamine
tocopherol succinate
allopurinol A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
dimecrotic acid
felbinac an anti-inflammatory/analgesic agent which has been developed into a topical gel for local treatment and pain and inflammation associated with conditions of the musculo-skeletal system
benzquercin
tidiacic
nicotinic acid A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.
chromocarb treatment for certain forms of hemorrhagic anal inflammations
succimer A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.
mesalazine An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
verteporfin A benzoporphyrin derivative that is used in PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY to treat wet type MACULAR DEGENERATION.
methyldopa An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.
amifampridine 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.
acipimox lipolysis inhibitor
droxidopa A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.
fenoprofen A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
ibufenac used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd
timonacic
betamipron
hydroxymethylnicotinamide
bevacizumab An anti-VEGF humanized murine monoclonal antibody. It inhibits VEGF RECEPTORS and helps to prevent PATHOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS.
alclofenac Alclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, withdrawn from the market. It acts by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.
paraldehyde A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9)
propiolactone Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.
aminohydroxybutyric acid
glucurolactone
methylhexaneamine sympathomimetic aliphatic amine with vasoconstrictor activity
phenmetrazine A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
rutoside A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.
kojic acid
ethinylestradiol sulfonate
kainic acid (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.
hydroxyproline A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.
dexfosfoserine The phosphoric acid ester of serine.
choline fenofibrate metabolite of lipantyl; structure; salt of cholesterylamine & 2-(4-(p-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)2-methylpropionic acid
alginic acid A polysaccharide and linear copolymer, consisting mainly of beta-1,4-linked D-mannuronic acid and alpha-1,4-linked L-glucuronic acid, that occurs in marine algae such as LAMINARIA, and in BIOFILMS produced by PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA.
adenosine phosphate Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
trovafloxacin a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity
sodium oxybate The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.
monoctanoin dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6
ertapenem Ertapenem has in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of ertapenem results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through ertapenem binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). In Escherichia coli, it has strong affinity toward PBPs 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with preference for PBPs 2 and 3.
remimazolam Remimazolam is a benzodiazepine and it binds to brain benzodiazepine sites (gamma amino butyric acid type A [GABAA] receptors), while its carboxylic acid metabolite (CNS7054) has a 300 times lower affinity for the receptor. Remimazolam, like other benzodiazepines, did not show clear selectivity between subtypes of the GABAA receptor.
futibatinib Futibatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor of FGFR 1, 2, 3, and 4 with IC50 values of less than 4 nM. Futibatinib covalently binds FGFR. Constitutive FGFR signaling can support the proliferation and survival of malignant cells. Futibatinib inhibited FGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling and decreased cell viability in cancer cell lines with FGFR alterations including FGFR fusions/rearrangements, amplifications, and mutations. Futibatinib demonstrated anti-tumor activity in mouse and rat xenograft models of human tumors with activating FGFR genetic alterations.
rabeprazole A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.
thiamine 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
isosorbide 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.
prussian blue antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure
chloroprocaine Chloroprocaine, like other local anesthetics, blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone.
butacaine was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92
oxytocin A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.
fumagillin empirical formula C25-27H34-37O7, a monoester of decatetraenedioic acid (HOOC-(C=CH)4-COOH and fumagillin (C16-17H25-26O3); FR 65814 lacks the fat
ensifentrine Ensifentrine is a first-in-class dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). Inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels.
volanesorsen Volanesorsen is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to inhibit the formation of apoC-III, a protein that is recognised to regulate both triglyceride metabolism and hepatic clearance of chylomicrons and other triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The selective binding of volanesorsen to the apoC-III messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) within the 3′ untranslated region at base position 489-508 causes the degradation of the mRNA. This binding prevents translation of the protein apoC-III, thus removing an inhibitor of triglyceride clearance and enabling metabolism through an LPL-independent pathway
lesinurad Lesinurad reduces serum uric acid levels by inhibiting the function of transporter proteins involved in uric acid reabsorption in the kidney. Lesinurad inhibited the function of two apical transporters responsible for uric acid reabsorption, uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4), with IC50 values of 7.3 and 3.7 μM, respectively. URAT1 is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of filtered uric acid from the renal tubular lumen. OAT4 is a uric acid transporter associated with diuretic-induced hyperuricemia.
androstanolone A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.
esketamine Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine. It is a non-selective, non-competitive, antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Through NMDA receptor antagonism, esketamine produces a transient increase in glutamate release leading to increases in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) stimulation and subsequently to increases in neurotrophic signalling which may contribute to the restoration of synaptic function in these brain regions involved with the regulation of mood and emotional behaviour. Restoration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in brain regions involved in the reward and motivation, and decreased stimulation of brain regions involved in anhedonia, may contribute to the rapid response.
finasteride An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.
depemokimab-ulaa Depemokimab targets human IL-5 with a binding affinity of 10.5 pM, thereby blocking the binding to the IL-5 receptor alpha expressed on the cell surface with picomolar potency (IC50 4 pM) in vitro. Depemokimab contains a triple amino acid substitution (YTE) in the fragment crystallisable (Fc) region which increases binding to the neonatal Fc receptor and thereby extends the half-life when compared to the IgG1 wildtype.
hematoporphyrin Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.
baloxavir marboxil Baloxavir marboxil is a prodrug that is converted by hydrolysis to baloxavir, the active form that exerts anti-influenza virus activity. Baloxavir inhibits the endonuclease activity of the polymerase acidic (PA) protein, an influenza virus-specific enzyme in the viral RNA polymerase complex required for viral gene transcription, resulting in inhibition of influenza virus replication. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of baloxavir was 1.4 to 3.1 nM (n=4) for influenza A viruses and 4.5 to 8.9 nM (n=3) for influenza B viruses in a PA endonuclease assay. Viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir have amino acid substitutions in the PA protein. It was investigated as a potential treatment during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic but in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not confirmed.
icosapent ethyl Icosapent ethyl is a stable ethyl ester of the omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The mechanisms of action contributing to reduction of cardiovascular events with icosapent ethyl are not completely understood. The mechanisms are likely multi-factorial including improved lipoprotein profile with reduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, reduction of macrophage accumulation, improved endothelial function, increased fibrous cap thickness/stability, and antiplatelet effects. Each of these mechanisms can beneficially alter the development, progression, and stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaque, as well as the implications of plaque rupture, and preclinical and clinical studies support such benefits with EPA. Systemic and localised anti-inflammatory effects of EPA may result from displacement of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA), directing catabolism away from eicosanoids (2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and 4-series leukotrienes) to non- or anti-inflammatory mediators. However, the direct clinical meaning of individual findings is not clear.
setmelanotide Setmelanotide is an 8 amino acid cyclic peptide analog of endogenous melanocortin peptide alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone). It is a melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor agonist, with 20-fold less activity at the melanocortin 3 (MC3) and melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptors.
riluzole The etiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not known, although a number of hypotheses have been advanced. One hypothesis is that motor neurons, made vulnerable through either genetic predisposition or environmental factors, are injured by glutamate. In some cases of familial ALS the enzyme superoxide dismutase has been found to be defective. The mode of action of riluzole is unknown. Its pharmacological properties include the following, some of which may be related to its effect: 1) an inhibitory effect on glutamate release, 2) inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, and 3) ability to interfere with intracellular events that follow transmitter binding at excitatory amino acid receptors. Riluzole has also been shown, in a single study, to delay median time to death in a transgenic mouse model of ALS. These mice express human superoxide dismutase bearing one of the mutations found in one of the familial forms of human ALS. It is also neuroprotective in various in vivo experimental models of neuronal injury involving excitotoxic mechanisms. In in vitro tests, riluzole protected cultured rat motor neurons from the excitotoxic effects of glutamic acid and prevented the death of cortical neurons induced by anoxia. Due to its blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission, riluzole also exhibits myorelaxant, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties.
bempedoic acid Bempedoic acid is an adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor that lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver. ACL is an enzyme upstream of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Bempedoic acid and its active metabolite, ESP15228, require coenzyme A (CoA) activation by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSVL1) to ETC-1002-CoA and ESP15228-CoA, respectively. ACSVL1 is expressed primarily in the liver. Inhibition of ACL by ETC-1002-CoA results in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver and lowers LDL-C in blood via upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors
euflavine 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
pyridoxal The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.
pyridoxine The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).

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