WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Photophobia and blurred vision due to pupil unresponsiveness and cycloplegia may last up to weeks. (5.1)Risk of blood pressure increase from systemic absorption (5.2). Photophobia and blurred vision due to pupil unresponsiveness and cycloplegia may last up to weeks. (5.1). Risk of blood pressure increase from systemic absorption (5.2). 5.1 Photophobia and Blurred Vision. Photophobia and blurred vision due to pupil unresponsiveness and cycloplegia may last up to weeks.. 5.2 Elevation of Blood Pressure. Elevation in blood pressure from systemic absorption has been reported following conjunctival instillation of recommended doses of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1%.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6. ADVERSE REACTIONS. The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:Photophobia and Blurred Vision [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]Elevation in Blood Pressure [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]The following adverse reactions have been identified following use of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.. Photophobia and Blurred Vision [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Elevation in Blood Pressure [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Most common adverse reactions that have been reported are eye pain and stinging on administration, blurred vision, photophobia, decreased lacrimation, increased heart rate and blood pressure (6)To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Akorn, Inc. at 1-800-932-5676 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Ocular Adverse Reactions. Eye pain and stinging occurs upon instillation of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution. Other commonly occurring adverse reactions include, blurred vision, photophobia, superficial keratitis and decreased lacrimation. Allergic reactions such as papillary conjunctivitis, contact dermatitis, and lid edema may also occur less commonly.. 6.2 Systemic Adverse Reactions. Systemic effects of atropine are related to its anti-muscarinic activity. Systemic adverse events reported include dryness of skin, mouth, and throat from decreased secretions from mucus membranes; restlessness, irritability or delirium from stimulation of the central nervous system; tachycardia; flushed skin of the face and neck.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Atropine sulfate was negative in the salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. Studies to evaluate carcinogenicity and impairment of fertility have not been conducted.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Atropine is reversible antagonist of muscarine-like actions of acetyl-choline and is therefore classified as an antimuscarinic agent. Atropine is relatively selective for muscarinic receptors. Its potency at nicotinic receptors is much lower, and actions at non-muscarinic receptors are generally undetectable clinically. Atropine does not distinguish among the M1, M2, and M3 subgroups of muscarinic receptors.The pupillary constrictor muscle depends on muscarinic cholinoceptor activation. This activation is blocked by topical atropine resulting in unopposed sympathetic dilator activity and mydriasis. Atropine also weakens the contraction of the ciliary muscle, or cycloplegia. Cycloplegia results in loss of the ability to accommodate such that the eye cannot focus for near vision.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The onset of action after administration of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1%, is usually within 40 minutes with maximal effect being reached in about hours. The effect can last for up to weeks in normal eye.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The bioavailability of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% was assessed in six healthy subjects, 24 to 29 years of age. Subjects received either 0.3 mg atropine sulfate administered as bolus intravenous injection or 0.3 mg administered as 30 ul instilled unilaterally in the cul-de-sac of the eye. Plasma l-hyoscyamine concentrations were determined over selected intervals up to eight hours after dose administration.The mean bioavailability of topically applied atropine was 63.5 +- 29% (range 19 to 95%) with large inter-individual differences. Mean maximum observed plasma concentration for the ophthalmic solution was 288 +- 73 pg/mL. Maximum concentration was reached in 28 +- 27 min after administration. Terminal half-life of l-hyoscamine was not affected by route of administration and was calculated to be +- 1.2 hours (intravenous) and 2.5 +- 0.8 hours (topical ophthalmic).In another placebo-controlled study, the systemic exposure to l-hyoscyamine, and the anti-cholinergic effects of atropine were investigated in eight ocular surgery patients 56 to 66 years of age, following single topical ocular 0.4 mg atropine dose (given as 40 microliters of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1%). The mean (+- standard deviation (SD)) Cmax of l-hyoscyamine in these patients was 860 +- 402 pg/mL, achieved within minutes of eyedrop instillation.Following intravenous administration, the mean (+- SD) elimination half-life (t1/2) of atropine was reported to be longer in pediatric subjects under years (6.9 +- 3.3 hours) and in geriatric patients 65 to 75 years (10.0 +- 7.3 hours), compared to in children over years (2.5 +- 1.2 hours) and in adults 16 to 58 years (3.0 +- 0.9 hours). (see 8.4 Pediatric Use).Atropine is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver; from 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine. Traces are found in various secretions, including milk. The major metabolites of atropine are noratropine, atropin-n-oxide, tropine, and tropic acid. Atropine readily crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation, but is not found in amniotic fluid.Atropine binds poorly (about 44%) to plasma protein, mainly to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein; age has no effect on the serum protein binding of atropine. Atropine binding to -1 acid glycoprotein was concentration dependent (2 to 20 mcg/mL) and nonlinear in vitro and in vivo. There is no gender effect on the pharmacokinetics of atropine administered by injection.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14. CLINICAL STUDIES. Topical administration of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% results in cycloplegia and mydriasis which has been demonstrated in several controlled clinical studies in adults and pediatric patients. Maximal mydriasis usually occurs in about 40 minutes and maximal cycloplegia is usually achieved in about 60 to 90 minutes after single administration. Full recovery usually occurs in approximately one week, but may last couple of weeks.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

4. CONTRAINDICATIONS. Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to any ingredient in formulation (4.1). 4.1 Hypersensitivity to any Component of this Medication. Atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution should not be used in anyone who has demonstrated previous hypersensitivity or known allergic reaction to any ingredient of the formulation because it may recur.

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11. DESCRIPTION. Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% is sterile topical anticholinergic for ophthalmic use. The active ingredient is represented by the chemical structure:Chemical Name: Benzeneacetic acid, -(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1.]oct-3-yl ester, endo -(+-)-, sulfate (2:1) (salt), monohydrate.Molecular Formula: (C17H23NO3)2 oH2SO4 oH2OMolecular Weight: 694.83 g/molEach mL of Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1% contains: Active: atropine sulfate 10 mg equivalent to 8.3 mg of atropine. Inactives: benzalkonium chloride 0.1 mg (0.01%), dibasic sodium phosphate, edetate disodium, hypromellose (2910), monobasic sodium phosphate, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be added to adjust pH (3.5 to 6. 0), and water for injection USP.. Chemical Structure.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. In individuals from three (3) months of age or greater, drop topically to the cul-de-sac of the conjunctiva, forty minutes prior to the intended maximal dilation time (2)In individuals years of age or greater, doses may be repeated up to twice daily as needed. (2). In individuals from three (3) months of age or greater, drop topically to the cul-de-sac of the conjunctiva, forty minutes prior to the intended maximal dilation time (2). In individuals years of age or greater, doses may be repeated up to twice daily as needed. (2). In individuals from three (3) months of age or greater, drop topically to the cul-de-sac of the conjunctiva, forty minutes prior to the intended maximal dilation time.. In individuals years of age or greater, doses may be repeated up to twice daily as needed.

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3. DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1%: each mL contains 10 mg of atropine sulfate equivalent to 8.3 mg of atropine.. 1% ophthalmic solution (3).

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7. DRUG INTERACTIONS. The use of atropine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) is generally not recommended because of the potential to precipitate hypertensive crisis.(7). 7.1 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). The use of atropine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) is generally not recommended because of the potential to precipitate hypertensive crisis.

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.5 Geriatric Use. No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger adult patients.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

16. HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% is supplied in plastic dropper bottle with red cap in the following sizes: NDC 17478-215-02 mL fill in 6cc bottle NDC 17478-215-05 mL fill in 6cc bottle NDC 17478-215-15 15 mL fill in 15cc bottle. NDC 17478-215-02 mL fill in 6cc bottle. NDC 17478-215-05 mL fill in 6cc bottle. NDC 17478-215-15 15 mL fill in 15cc bottle. Storage: Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F). Keep tightly closed.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% is indicated for:. Atropine is an anti-muscarinic agent indicated for:cycloplegia (1.1)mydriasis (1.2)penalization of the healthy eye in the treatment of amblyopia (1.3). cycloplegia (1.1). mydriasis (1.2). penalization of the healthy eye in the treatment of amblyopia (1.3). 1.1 Cycloplegia. 1.2 Mydriasis. 1.3 Penalization of the healthy eye in the treatment of amblyopia.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17. PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Advise patients not to touch the dropper tip to any surface as this may contaminate the solution.Advise patients that drops will sting upon instillation and advise patients that they will experience sensitivity to light and blurred vision which may last for couple of weeks.AKORN Manufactured by: Akorn, Inc.Lake forest, IL 60045AS00N Rev. 10/16.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. Atropine is reversible antagonist of muscarine-like actions of acetyl-choline and is therefore classified as an antimuscarinic agent. Atropine is relatively selective for muscarinic receptors. Its potency at nicotinic receptors is much lower, and actions at non-muscarinic receptors are generally undetectable clinically. Atropine does not distinguish among the M1, M2, and M3 subgroups of muscarinic receptors.The pupillary constrictor muscle depends on muscarinic cholinoceptor activation. This activation is blocked by topical atropine resulting in unopposed sympathetic dilator activity and mydriasis. Atropine also weakens the contraction of the ciliary muscle, or cycloplegia. Cycloplegia results in loss of the ability to accommodate such that the eye cannot focus for near vision.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13. NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. Atropine sulfate was negative in the salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. Studies to evaluate carcinogenicity and impairment of fertility have not been conducted.

NURSING MOTHERS SECTION.

8.3 Nursing Mothers. Traces of atropine have been found in human milk following administration of atropine solution for injection. Because some systemic absorption occurs from topical administration, caution should be exercised when Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% is administered to nursing woman.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

10. OVERDOSAGE. In the event of accidental ingestion or toxic overdosage with atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, supportive care may include short acting barbiturate or diazepam as needed to control marked exctextent and convulsions. Large doses for sedation should be avoided because central depressant action may coincide with the depression occurring late in atropine poisoning. Central stimulants are not recommended.Physostigmine, given by slow intravenous injection of to mg (0.5 to mg in pediatric populations), rapidly abolishes delirium and coma caused by large doses of atropine. Since physostigmine is rapidly destroyed, the patient may again lapse into coma after one to two hours, and repeated doses may be required.Artificial respiration with oxygen may be necessary. Cooling measures may be needed to help to reduce fever, especially in pediatric populations.The fatal adult dose of atropine is not known. In pediatric populations, 10 mg or less may be fatal.

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

Principal Display Panel Text for Container Label:NDC 17478-215-02Atropine SulfateOphthalmicSolution, USP1%FOR TOPICALAPPLICATION TO THE EYESterileRx only mL. Principal Display Panel Text for Container Label.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.4 Pediatric Use. Due to the potential for systemic absorption of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, the use of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% in children under the age of months is not recommended and the use in children under years of age should be limited to no more than one drop per eye per day.

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The onset of action after administration of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1%, is usually within 40 minutes with maximal effect being reached in about hours. The effect can last for up to weeks in normal eye.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The bioavailability of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% was assessed in six healthy subjects, 24 to 29 years of age. Subjects received either 0.3 mg atropine sulfate administered as bolus intravenous injection or 0.3 mg administered as 30 ul instilled unilaterally in the cul-de-sac of the eye. Plasma l-hyoscyamine concentrations were determined over selected intervals up to eight hours after dose administration.The mean bioavailability of topically applied atropine was 63.5 +- 29% (range 19 to 95%) with large inter-individual differences. Mean maximum observed plasma concentration for the ophthalmic solution was 288 +- 73 pg/mL. Maximum concentration was reached in 28 +- 27 min after administration. Terminal half-life of l-hyoscamine was not affected by route of administration and was calculated to be +- 1.2 hours (intravenous) and 2.5 +- 0.8 hours (topical ophthalmic).In another placebo-controlled study, the systemic exposure to l-hyoscyamine, and the anti-cholinergic effects of atropine were investigated in eight ocular surgery patients 56 to 66 years of age, following single topical ocular 0.4 mg atropine dose (given as 40 microliters of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1%). The mean (+- standard deviation (SD)) Cmax of l-hyoscyamine in these patients was 860 +- 402 pg/mL, achieved within minutes of eyedrop instillation.Following intravenous administration, the mean (+- SD) elimination half-life (t1/2) of atropine was reported to be longer in pediatric subjects under years (6.9 +- 3.3 hours) and in geriatric patients 65 to 75 years (10.0 +- 7.3 hours), compared to in children over years (2.5 +- 1.2 hours) and in adults 16 to 58 years (3.0 +- 0.9 hours). (see 8.4 Pediatric Use).Atropine is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver; from 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine. Traces are found in various secretions, including milk. The major metabolites of atropine are noratropine, atropin-n-oxide, tropine, and tropic acid. Atropine readily crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation, but is not found in amniotic fluid.Atropine binds poorly (about 44%) to plasma protein, mainly to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein; age has no effect on the serum protein binding of atropine. Atropine binding to -1 acid glycoprotein was concentration dependent (2 to 20 mcg/mL) and nonlinear in vitro and in vivo. There is no gender effect on the pharmacokinetics of atropine administered by injection.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Pregnancy Category C:There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of atropine sulfate in pregnant women. Animal development and reproduction studies have not been conducted with atropine sulfate. Since it is not known whether topically administered atropine sulfate can cause fetal harm, atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.

1.1 Cycloplegia.

STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION.

Storage: Store at 20 to 25C (68 to 77F). Keep tightly closed.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8. USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. Should only be used in pregnant women if clearly needed (8). 8.1 Pregnancy. Pregnancy Category C:There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of atropine sulfate in pregnant women. Animal development and reproduction studies have not been conducted with atropine sulfate. Since it is not known whether topically administered atropine sulfate can cause fetal harm, atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.. 8.3 Nursing Mothers. Traces of atropine have been found in human milk following administration of atropine solution for injection. Because some systemic absorption occurs from topical administration, caution should be exercised when Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution, USP 1% is administered to nursing woman.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Due to the potential for systemic absorption of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, the use of atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution, USP 1% in children under the age of months is not recommended and the use in children under years of age should be limited to no more than one drop per eye per day.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger adult patients.