PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL.

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL PACKAGE CARTON LABEL APOTEX CORP. NDC 60505-0823-6 Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray (Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Solution, USP)Rx30 Doses per bottle2200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units/mL (200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units/spray)FOR INTRANASAL USE ONLYREFRIGERATE UNTIL OPENED. Carton-200spray.jpg.

PEDIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS. The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:Hypersensitivity Reactions, including anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Nasal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Hypersensitivity Reactions, including anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Nasal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Most common adverse reactions (3% or greater) are rhinitis, epistaxis and other nasal symptoms, back pain, arthralgia, and headache (6)To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp. at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.The safety of calcitonin salmon nasal spray in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trials that enrolled postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 75 years. The duration of the trials ranged from to years. The incidence of adverse reactions reported in studies involving postmenopausal osteoporotic patients chronically exposed to calcitonin salmon nasal spray (N=341) and to placebo nasal spray (N=131), and reported in greater than 3% of calcitonin salmon nasal spray treated patients are presented in the following table. Other than flushing, nausea, possible allergic reactions, and possible local irritative effects in the respiratory tract, relationship to calcitonin salmon nasal spray has not been established.Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in at Least 3% of Postmenopausal Patients Treated with Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray+Symptom of nose includes: nasal crusts, dryness, redness or erythema, nasal sores, irritation, itching, thick feeling, soreness, pallor, infection, stenosis, runny/blocked, small wound, bleeding wound, tenderness, uncomfortable feeling and sore across bridge of nose.Calcitonin SalmonNasal SprayPlaceboNasal SprayAdverse ReactionN=341% of PatientsN=131% of PatientsRhinitis127Symptom of Nose+1116Back Pain52Arthralgia45Epistaxis45Headache35Nasal Adverse ReactionsIn all postmenopausal patients treated with calcitonin salmon nasal spray, the most commonly reported nasal adverse reactions included rhinitis (12%), epistaxis (4%), and sinusitis (2%). Smoking did not have contributory effect on the occurrence of nasal adverse reactions.Adverse reactions reported in 1% to 3% of patients treated with calcitonin salmon nasal spray include: influenza-like symptoms, erythematous rash, arthrosis, myalgia, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchospasm, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, paresthesia, abnormal lacrimation, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, infection, and depression.MalignancyA meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled clinical trials with calcitonin salmon (nasal spray or investigational oral formulations) was conducted to assess the risk of malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. The trials in the meta-analysis ranged in duration from months to years and included total of 10883 patients (6151 treated with calcitonin salmon and 4732 treated with placebo). The overall incidence of malignancies reported in these 21 trials was higher among calcitonin salmon-treated patients (254/6151 or 4.1%) compared with placebo-treated patients (137/4732 or 2.9%). Findings were similar when analyses were restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials [calcitonin salmon 122/2712 (4.5%); placebo 30/1309 (2.3%)].The meta-analysis results suggest an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients when all 21 trials are included and when the analysis is restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials (see Table 2). It is not possible to exclude an increased risk when calcitonin salmon is administered by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous route because these routes of administration were not investigated in the meta-analysis. The increased malignancy risk seen with the meta-analysis was heavily influenced by single large 5-year trial, which had an observed risk difference of 3.4% [95% CI (0.4%, 6.5%)]. Imbalances in risks were still observed when analyses excluded basal cell carcinoma (see Table 2); the data were not sufficient for further analyses by type of malignancy. mechanism for these observations has not been identified. Although definitive causal relationship between calcitonin salmon use and malignancies cannot be established from this meta-analysis, the benefits for the individual patient should be carefully evaluated against all possible risks [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Table 2: Risk Difference for Malignancies in Calcitonin Salmon-Treated Patients Compared with Placebo-Treated Patients1 The overall adjusted risk difference is the difference between the percentage of patients who had any malignancy (or malignancy excluding basal cell carcinoma) in calcitonin salmon and placebo treatment groups, using the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) fixed-effect method. risk difference of is suggestive of no difference in malignancy risks between the treatment groups. The corresponding 95% confidence interval for the overall adjusted risk difference also based on MH fixed-effect method.PatientsMalignanciesRisk Difference1 (%)95% Confidence Interval2 (%)All (nasal spray oral)All1.0(0.3, 1.6)All (nasal spray oral)Excluding basal cell carcinoma0.5(-0.1, 1.2)All (nasal spray only)All1.4(0.3, 2.6)All (nasal spray only)Excluding basal cell carcinoma0.8(-0.2, 1.8). 6.2 Postmarketing Experience. Because postmarketing adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of calcitonin salmon nasal spray.Allergic Hypersensitivity Reactions Serious allergic reactions have been reported in patients receiving calcitonin salmon nasal spray, including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock.HypocalcemiaHypocalcemia with paresthesia has been reported.Body as wholefacial or peripheral edema Cardiovascularhypertension, vasodilatation, syncope, chest painNervous systemdizziness, seizure, visual or hearing impairment, tinnitusRespiratory/Special Sensescough, bronchospasm, dyspnea, loss of taste/smellSkinrash/dermatitis, pruritus, alopecia, increased sweatingGastrointestinaldiarrheaNervous system disorderstremor. 6.3 Immunogenicity. Consistent with the potentially immunogenic properties of medicinal products containing peptides, administration of calcitonin salmon nasal spray may trigger the development of anti-calcitonin antibodies. In two-year calcitonin salmon nasal spray clinical study that evaluated immunogenicity, measurable antibody titer was found in 69% of patients treated with calcitonin salmon nasal spray and 3% of placebo-treated patients. Antibody formation may be associated with loss of response to treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of positive antibody test result may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of antibodies to calcitonin salmon nasal spray with the incidence of antibodies to other calcitonin-containing products may be misleading.

CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. CarcinogenicityThe incidence of pituitary adenomas was increased in rats after one and two years of subcutaneous exposure to synthetic calcitonin salmon. The significance of this finding to humans is unknown because pituitary adenomas are very common in rats as they age, the pituitary adenomas did not transform into metastatic tumors, there were no other clear treatment-related neoplasms, and synthetic calcitonin salmon related neoplasms were not observed in mice after two years of dosing.Rat findings The only clear neoplastic finding in rats dosed subcutaneously with synthetic calcitonin salmon was an increase in the incidence of pituitary adenomas in male Fisher 344 rats and female Sprague Dawley rats after one year of dosing and male Sprague Dawley rats dosed for one and two years. In female Sprague Dawley rats, the incidence of pituitary adenomas after two years was high in all treatment groups (between 80% and 92% including the control groups) such that treatment-related effect could not be distinguished from natural background incidence. The lowest dose in male Sprague Dawley rats that developed an increased incidence of pituitary adenomas after two years of dosing (1.7 International Units/kg/day) is approximately times the maximum recommended intranasal dose in humans (200 International Units/day) based on body surface area conversion between rats and humans and 20-fold conversion factor to account for decreased clinical exposure via the intranasal route. The findings suggest that calcitonin salmon reduced the latency period for development of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.Mouse findings No carcinogenicity potential was evident in male or female mice dosed subcutaneously for two years with synthetic calcitonin salmon at doses up to 800 International Units/kg/day. The 800 International Units/kg/day dose is approximately 390 times the maximum recommended intranasal dose in humans (200 International Units) based on scaling for body surface area and 20-fold conversion factor to account for low clinical exposure via the intranasal route.Mutagenesis Synthetic calcitonin salmon tested negative for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium (5 strains) and Escherichia coli (2 strains), with and without rat liver metabolic activation, and was not clastogenic in chromosome aberration test in Chinese Hamster V79 cells. There was no evidence that calcitonin salmon was clastogenic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test.Fertility Effects of calcitonin salmon on fertility have not been assessed in animals.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 12.1 Mechanism of Action. Calcitonin salmon is calcitonin receptor agonist. Calcitonin salmon acts primarily on bone, but direct renal effects and actions on the gastrointestinal tract are also recognized. Calcitonin salmon appears to have actions essentially identical to calcitonins of mammalian origin, but its potency per mg is greater and it has longer duration of action.The actions of calcitonin on bone and its role in normal human bone physiology are still not completely elucidated, although calcitonin receptors have been discovered in osteoclasts and osteoblasts.. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The information below, describing the clinical pharmacology of calcitonin, has been derived from studies with injectable calcitonin salmon. The mean bioavailability of calcitonin salmon nasal spray is approximately 3% of the injectable calcitonin salmon in healthy subjects and, therefore, the conclusions concerning the clinical pharmacology of this preparation may be different.Bone Single injections of calcitonin salmon caused marked transient inhibition of the ongoing bone resorptive process. With prolonged use, there is persistent, smaller decrease in the rate of bone resorption. Histologically, this is associated with decreased number of osteoclasts and an apparent decrease in their resorptive activity.In healthy adults, who have relatively low rate of bone resorption, the administration of exogenous calcitonin salmon results in decreases in serum calcium within the limits of the normal range. In healthy children and in patients whose bone resorption is more rapid, decreases in serum calcium are more pronounced in response to calcitonin salmon.Kidney Studies with injectable calcitonin salmon show increases in the excretion of filtered phosphate, calcium, and sodium by decreasing their tubular reabsorption. Comparable studies have not been conducted with calcitonin salmon nasal spray.Gastrointestinal TractSome evidence from studies with injectable preparations suggests that calcitonin salmon may have effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Short-term administration of injectable calcitonin salmon results in marked transient decreases in the volume and acidity of gastric juice and in the volume and the trypsin and amylase content of pancreatic juice. Whether these effects continue to be elicited after each injection of calcitonin salmon during chronic therapy has not been investigated. These studies have not been conducted with calcitonin salmon nasal spray.Calcium HomeostasisIn two clinical studies designed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic response to calcitonin salmon nasal spray, administration of calcitonin salmon 100 to 1600 International Units to healthy volunteers resulted in rapid and sustained decreases within the normal range for both total serum calcium and serum ionized calcium. Single doses of calcitonin salmon greater than 400 International Units did not produce any further biological response to the drug.. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The bioavailability of calcitonin salmon nasal spray relative to intramuscular administration in healthy volunteers is between 3% and 5%. Calcitonin salmon nasal spray is absorbed rapidly by the nasal mucosa with mean Tmax of about 13 minutes. The terminal half-life of calcitonin salmon has been calculated to be around 18 minutes and no evidence of accumulation was observed with multiple dosing.

CLINICAL STUDIES SECTION.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES. Two randomized, placebo-controlled, two-year trials were conducted in 266 postmenopausal women who were greater than years postmenopause with spinal, forearm or femoral bone mineral density (BMD) at least one standard deviation below the normal value for healthy premenopausal women (T-score -1). In both studies, total of 144 patients received calcitonin salmon nasal spray 200 International Units or placebo daily. The intent-to-treat population comprised 139 patients who had at least one follow-up BMD measurement. In study 1, patients also received 500 mg daily calcium supplements, while in study 2, patients received no calcium supplementation. The primary endpoint for both studies was percent change in lumbar spine BMD at years. Calcitonin salmon nasal spray increased lumbar vertebral BMD relative to placebo in women with low bone mass who were greater than years post menopause (see Table below).Table 3: Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray: Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density In Women Greater Than years Postmenopause With Low Bone MassITT: Intent To TreatIU: International UnitsNS: nasal spray+p-values by parametric testing (2-tailed 2-sample t-test)Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density,Mean Change From Baseline (in %) at Month 24Study 1(with calcium supplement)n (ITT) 100Study 2(no calcium supplement)n (ITT) 39Calcitonin Salmon 200 IU NS daily+1.56+1.02Placebo+0.20-1.85Treatment Difference+1.36+2.87p-value+< 0.05< 0.005No effects of calcitonin salmon nasal spray on cortical bone of the forearm or hip were demonstrated.In clinical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone biopsy and radial bone mass assessments at baseline and after 26 months of daily injectable calcitonin salmon indicate that calcitonin therapy results in the formation of normal bone.

CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. Hypersensitivity to calcitonin salmon or any of the excipients. Reactions have included anaphylactic shock, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and swelling of the tongue or throat [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].. Hypersensitivity to calcitonin salmon or any of the excipients (4).

DESCRIPTION SECTION.

11 DESCRIPTION. Calcitonin is polypeptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in mammals and by the ultimobranchial gland of birds and fish.Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is synthetic polypeptide of 32 amino acids in the same linear sequence that is found in calcitonin of salmon origin. This is shown by the following graphic formula:It is provided in 2 mL or 3.7 mL fill glass bottle as solution for nasal administration. This is sufficient medication for at least 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill).Active Ingredient: calcitonin salmon 2200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units per mL (corresponding to 200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units per 0.09 mL actuation).Inactive Ingredients: benzalkonium chloride, hydrochloric acid (added as necessary to adjust pH), purified water and sodium chloride.The activity of calcitonin salmon nasal spray is stated in International Units based on bioassay in comparison with the International Reference Preparation of calcitonin salmon for Bioassay, distributed by the National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Holly Hill, London.. graphic-formula.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. For intranasal use only: one spray (200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units) per day, alternating nostrils daily (2.1)Prior to first use, allow the bottle to reach room temperature and prime the pump (2.2)Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin intake (2.3). For intranasal use only: one spray (200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units) per day, alternating nostrils daily (2.1). Prior to first use, allow the bottle to reach room temperature and prime the pump (2.2). Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin intake (2.3). 2.1 Basic Dosing Information. The recommended dose of calcitonin salmon nasal spray is spray (200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units) per day administered intranasally, alternating nostrils daily.. 2.2 Priming (Activation) of Pump. Unopened calcitonin salmon nasal spray should be stored in the refrigerator. Before using the first dose of calcitonin salmon nasal spray, the patient should wait until it has reached room temperature. To prime the pump before it is used for the first time, the bottle should be held upright and the two white side arms of the pump depressed toward the bottle, repeat until full spray is released. The pump is primed once the first full spray is emitted. To administer, the nozzle should first be carefully placed into the nostril while the patients head is in the upright position, then the pump should be firmly depressed toward the bottle. The pump should not be primed before each daily dose.. 2.3 Recommendations for Calcium and Vitamin Supplementation. Patients who use calcitonin salmon nasal spray should receive adequate calcium (at least 1000 mg elemental calcium per day) and vitamin (at least 400 International Units per day).

DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS SECTION.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray consists of one glass bottle with attached pump. The bottle contains mL or 3.7 mL of calcitonin salmon clear solution at concentration of 2200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units per mL. primed pump delivers 0.09 mL (200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units) calcitonin salmon per actuation.. Nasal Spray: 2200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units per mL of calcitonin salmon in 2 mL or 3.7 mL fill glass bottle with attached pump. Each actuation delivers 200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units of calcitonin salmon (3).

DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS. No formal drug interaction studies have been performed with calcitonin salmon nasal spray.Concomitant use of calcitonin salmon and lithium may lead to reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. The dose of lithium may require adjustment.. Concomitant use of calcitonin salmon and lithium may lead to reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. The dose of lithium may require adjustment (7). Concomitant use of calcitonin salmon and lithium may lead to reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. The dose of lithium may require adjustment (7).

GERIATRIC USE SECTION.

8.5 Geriatric Use. In multi-centered, double-blind, randomized clinical study of calcitonin salmon nasal spray, 279 patients were less than 65 years old, while 467 patients were 65 to 74 years old and 196 patients were 75 years old and older. Compared to subjects less than 65 years old, the incidence of nasal adverse reactions (rhinitis, irritation, erythema, and excoriation) was higher in patients over the age of 65, particularly among those over the age of 75. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

HOW SUPPLIED SECTION.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING. How SuppliedCalcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is available as metered dose clear solution in 2 mL or 3.7 mL fill clear glass bottle that contains 2,200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units calcitonin salmon per mL. pump is attached to the bottle. After priming, the pump will deliver 200 USP Calcitonin Salmon Units per activation (0.09 mL per spray) (2 mL fill: NDC 60505-0823-0; 3.7 mL fill: NDC 60505-0823-6).Storage and HandlingStore unopened bottle in refrigerator between 2C to 8C (36F to 46F). Protect from freezing.Store bottle in use at room temperature between 20C to 25C (68F to 77F) in an upright position, for up to 30 days (2 mL fill) or 35 days (3.7 mL fill). Each bottle contains at least 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill).Discard bottle after 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill).

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is calcitonin, indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than years postmenopause when alternative treatments are not suitable. Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated (1.1)Limitations of Use:Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on periodic basis (1.2, 5.4)Calcitonin salmon nasal spray has not been shown to increase bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women (1.2). Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on periodic basis (1.2, 5.4). Calcitonin salmon nasal spray has not been shown to increase bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women (1.2). 1.1 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than years postmenopause. Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies).. 1.2 Important Limitations of Use. Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on periodic basis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray has not been shown to increase spinal bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women. Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on periodic basis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray has not been shown to increase spinal bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use).Instruct patients on pump assembly, priming of the pump, and nasal introduction of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. Although instructions for patients are supplied with the individual bottle, procedures for use should be demonstrated to each patient [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Patients should notify their healthcare provider if they develop significant nasal irritation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].Inform patients of the potential increase in risk of malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].Advise patients to maintain an adequate calcium (at least 1000 mg elemental calcium per day) and vitamin (at least 400 International Units per day) intake [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].Instruct patients to seek emergency medical help or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if they develop any signs or symptoms of serious allergic reaction.Advise patients how to correctly store unopened and opened product [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. Advise patients that the bottle should be discarded after 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill), because after 14 or 30 doses, each spray may not deliver the correct amount of medication even if the bottle is not completely empty.APOTEX INC.CALCITONIN SALMON (SYNTHETIC ORIGIN) NASAL SPRAYManufactured byManufactured forApotex Inc.Apotex Corp.Toronto, OntarioWeston, FLCanada M9L 1T933326Revised: November 2017. Instruct patients on pump assembly, priming of the pump, and nasal introduction of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. Although instructions for patients are supplied with the individual bottle, procedures for use should be demonstrated to each patient [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Patients should notify their healthcare provider if they develop significant nasal irritation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].. Inform patients of the potential increase in risk of malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].. Advise patients to maintain an adequate calcium (at least 1000 mg elemental calcium per day) and vitamin (at least 400 International Units per day) intake [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].. Instruct patients to seek emergency medical help or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if they develop any signs or symptoms of serious allergic reaction.. Advise patients how to correctly store unopened and opened product [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. Advise patients that the bottle should be discarded after 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill), because after 14 or 30 doses, each spray may not deliver the correct amount of medication even if the bottle is not completely empty.

LACTATION SECTION.

8.2 Lactation. Risk Summary Calcitonin salmon nasal spray is not indicated for use in females of reproductive potential. There is no information on the presence of calcitonin-salmon in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Calcitonin has been shown to inhibit lactation in rats.

MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION.

12.1 Mechanism of Action. Calcitonin salmon is calcitonin receptor agonist. Calcitonin salmon acts primarily on bone, but direct renal effects and actions on the gastrointestinal tract are also recognized. Calcitonin salmon appears to have actions essentially identical to calcitonins of mammalian origin, but its potency per mg is greater and it has longer duration of action.The actions of calcitonin on bone and its role in normal human bone physiology are still not completely elucidated, although calcitonin receptors have been discovered in osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY. 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility. CarcinogenicityThe incidence of pituitary adenomas was increased in rats after one and two years of subcutaneous exposure to synthetic calcitonin salmon. The significance of this finding to humans is unknown because pituitary adenomas are very common in rats as they age, the pituitary adenomas did not transform into metastatic tumors, there were no other clear treatment-related neoplasms, and synthetic calcitonin salmon related neoplasms were not observed in mice after two years of dosing.Rat findings The only clear neoplastic finding in rats dosed subcutaneously with synthetic calcitonin salmon was an increase in the incidence of pituitary adenomas in male Fisher 344 rats and female Sprague Dawley rats after one year of dosing and male Sprague Dawley rats dosed for one and two years. In female Sprague Dawley rats, the incidence of pituitary adenomas after two years was high in all treatment groups (between 80% and 92% including the control groups) such that treatment-related effect could not be distinguished from natural background incidence. The lowest dose in male Sprague Dawley rats that developed an increased incidence of pituitary adenomas after two years of dosing (1.7 International Units/kg/day) is approximately times the maximum recommended intranasal dose in humans (200 International Units/day) based on body surface area conversion between rats and humans and 20-fold conversion factor to account for decreased clinical exposure via the intranasal route. The findings suggest that calcitonin salmon reduced the latency period for development of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.Mouse findings No carcinogenicity potential was evident in male or female mice dosed subcutaneously for two years with synthetic calcitonin salmon at doses up to 800 International Units/kg/day. The 800 International Units/kg/day dose is approximately 390 times the maximum recommended intranasal dose in humans (200 International Units) based on scaling for body surface area and 20-fold conversion factor to account for low clinical exposure via the intranasal route.Mutagenesis Synthetic calcitonin salmon tested negative for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium (5 strains) and Escherichia coli (2 strains), with and without rat liver metabolic activation, and was not clastogenic in chromosome aberration test in Chinese Hamster V79 cells. There was no evidence that calcitonin salmon was clastogenic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test.Fertility Effects of calcitonin salmon on fertility have not been assessed in animals.

OVERDOSAGE SECTION.

10 OVERDOSAGE. The pharmacologic actions of calcitonin salmon nasal spray suggest that hypocalcemic tetany could occur in overdose. Therefore, provisions for parenteral administration of calcium should be available for the treatment of overdose.Single doses of calcitonin salmon nasal spray up to 1600 International Units, doses up to 800 International Units per day for days and chronic administration of doses up to 600 International Units per day have been studied without serious adverse effects.

PHARMACODYNAMICS SECTION.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics. The information below, describing the clinical pharmacology of calcitonin, has been derived from studies with injectable calcitonin salmon. The mean bioavailability of calcitonin salmon nasal spray is approximately 3% of the injectable calcitonin salmon in healthy subjects and, therefore, the conclusions concerning the clinical pharmacology of this preparation may be different.Bone Single injections of calcitonin salmon caused marked transient inhibition of the ongoing bone resorptive process. With prolonged use, there is persistent, smaller decrease in the rate of bone resorption. Histologically, this is associated with decreased number of osteoclasts and an apparent decrease in their resorptive activity.In healthy adults, who have relatively low rate of bone resorption, the administration of exogenous calcitonin salmon results in decreases in serum calcium within the limits of the normal range. In healthy children and in patients whose bone resorption is more rapid, decreases in serum calcium are more pronounced in response to calcitonin salmon.Kidney Studies with injectable calcitonin salmon show increases in the excretion of filtered phosphate, calcium, and sodium by decreasing their tubular reabsorption. Comparable studies have not been conducted with calcitonin salmon nasal spray.Gastrointestinal TractSome evidence from studies with injectable preparations suggests that calcitonin salmon may have effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Short-term administration of injectable calcitonin salmon results in marked transient decreases in the volume and acidity of gastric juice and in the volume and the trypsin and amylase content of pancreatic juice. Whether these effects continue to be elicited after each injection of calcitonin salmon during chronic therapy has not been investigated. These studies have not been conducted with calcitonin salmon nasal spray.Calcium HomeostasisIn two clinical studies designed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic response to calcitonin salmon nasal spray, administration of calcitonin salmon 100 to 1600 International Units to healthy volunteers resulted in rapid and sustained decreases within the normal range for both total serum calcium and serum ionized calcium. Single doses of calcitonin salmon greater than 400 International Units did not produce any further biological response to the drug.

PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics. The bioavailability of calcitonin salmon nasal spray relative to intramuscular administration in healthy volunteers is between 3% and 5%. Calcitonin salmon nasal spray is absorbed rapidly by the nasal mucosa with mean Tmax of about 13 minutes. The terminal half-life of calcitonin salmon has been calculated to be around 18 minutes and no evidence of accumulation was observed with multiple dosing.

PREGNANCY SECTION.

8.1 Pregnancy. Risk Summary Calcitonin salmon nasal spray is not indicated for use in females of reproductive potential. There are no data with the use of calcitonin salmon nasal spray in pregnant women. In an animal reproduction study, subcutaneous administration of calcitonin-salmon to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at 418 times the recommended parenteral human dose caused decrease in fetal birth weights. No adverse developmental outcome was observed in the rat with subcutaneous administration of calcitonin-salmon at times the recommended human parenteral dose based on body surface area (see Data). Data Animal Data Calcitonin salmon has been shown to cause decrease in fetal birth weights in rabbits when given by subcutaneous injection in doses to 18 times the parenteral dose (of 54 International Units/m2) and 70 to 278 times the intranasal dose recommended for human use based on body surface area. No embryo/fetal toxicities related to calcitonin salmon nasal spray were reported from maternal subcutaneous daily doses in rats up to 80 International Units/kg/day from gestation day to 15.

SPL PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT SECTION.

PATIENT INFORMATION Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) (kal si toe nin)Nasal SprayRead this Patient Information before you start using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray and each time you get refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.What is Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayCalcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is prescription medicine used to treat osteoporosis in women more than years after menopause. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray should be used for women who cannot use other treatments or who choose not to use other treatments for osteoporosis.It is not known if Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray lowers the chance of having bone fractures.Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray has not been shown to be effective in women less than years after menopause.It is not known if Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.Who should not use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayDo not use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray if you:are allergic to calcitonin salmon or any of the ingredients in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. See the end of this leaflet for complete list of ingredients in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.What should tell my healthcare provider before using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayBefore you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, tell your healthcare provider if you:have any other medical conditionshave low calcium levels in your bloodare pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray can harm your unborn baby.are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Calcitonin Salmon passes into your breast milk. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray or breastfeed.Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:lithium. Your healthcare provider may need to change your dose of lithium while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.Know the medicines you take. Keep list of them to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get new medicine.How should use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayFor detailed instructions, see the Instructions for Use at the end of this Patient Information leaflet.Use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to use it.Do not use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray until your healthcare provider shows you and you understand how to use it correctly.Use spray of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, time each day, in nostril (inside your nose).Start with spray in your left nostril on your first day, followed by spray in your right nostril on the second day.Continue to switch nostrils for your dose each day. Your healthcare provider should check your nose before you start using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray and often while you are using it.Tell your healthcare provider if you start to have discomfort (irritation) in your nose that bothers you while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.Your health care provider should prescribe calcium and vitamin to help prevent low calcium levels in your blood while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.Take your calcium and vitamin as your healthcare provider tells you to.There are 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill) (sprays) of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray in each bottle. After either 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill), each spray may not give you the right amount of medicine, even if the bottle is not completely empty. Keep track of the number of doses of medicine used from your bottle.If you use too much Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.What are the possible side effects of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayCalcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray may cause serious side effects, including:allergic reactionsSome people have had an allergic reaction when using calcitonin salmon nasal spray. Some reactions may be serious and can be life threatening. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you have any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction.trouble breathingswelling of your face, throat or tonguefast heartbeatchest painfeel dizzy or faintIf you might be allergic to calcitonin salmon, your healthcare provider should do skin test before you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.low calcium levels in your blood (hypocalcemia)Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray may lower the calcium levels in your blood. If you have low blood calcium before you start using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, it may get worse during treatment. Your low blood calcium must be treated before you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. Most people with low blood calcium levels do not have symptoms, but some people may have symptoms. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms of low blood calcium:numbness or tingling in your fingers, toes, or around your mouthYour healthcare provider should:do blood tests while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray prescribe calcium and vitamin to help prevent low calcium levels in your blood while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.Take your calcium and vitamin as your healthcare provider tells you to.nose irritationIrritation of your nose can happen while you are using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, especially if you are over 65 years of age. Call your healthcare provider right way if you have any of these symptoms of nose irritation:crustingdrynessredness or swellingnose sores (ulcers)nose bleedsYour healthcare provider may stop your treatment with Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray until your nose irritation symptoms go away.risk of cancerPeople who use calcitonin salmon, the medicine in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, may have an increased risk of cancer.increase of certain cells (sediment) in your urineYour healthcare provider should test your urine often while you are using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.The most common side effects of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray include:back painmuscle achesheadacherunny noseThese are not all the possible side effects of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any side effect that bothers you or does not go away.Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.How do store Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayStore open bottles of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray at room temperature between 20C to 25C (68F to 77F) for 30 days (2 mL fill) or 35 days (3.7 mL fill).Store unopened bottles of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray in the refrigerator between 2C to 8C (36F to 46F). Do not freeze.Store Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray bottles in an upright position.Safely throw away Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray in the trash after you have used 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill) (sprays).Keep Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray and all other medicines out of the reach of children.General information about the safe and effective use of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in Patient Information leaflet. Do not use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray for condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.This Patient Information summarizes the most important information about Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray that is written for health professionals.For more information, call 1-800-706-5575.What are the ingredients in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal SprayActive Ingredients: calcitonin salmonInactive Ingredients: benzalkonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, purified water and sodium chloride.. are allergic to calcitonin salmon or any of the ingredients in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. See the end of this leaflet for complete list of ingredients in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. have any other medical conditions. have low calcium levels in your blood. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray can harm your unborn baby.. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Calcitonin Salmon passes into your breast milk. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray or breastfeed.. lithium. Your healthcare provider may need to change your dose of lithium while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. For detailed instructions, see the Instructions for Use at the end of this Patient Information leaflet.. Use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to use it.. Do not use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray until your healthcare provider shows you and you understand how to use it correctly.. Use spray of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, time each day, in nostril (inside your nose).Start with spray in your left nostril on your first day, followed by spray in your right nostril on the second day.Continue to switch nostrils for your dose each day. Start with spray in your left nostril on your first day, followed by spray in your right nostril on the second day.. Continue to switch nostrils for your dose each day.. Your healthcare provider should check your nose before you start using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray and often while you are using it.. Tell your healthcare provider if you start to have discomfort (irritation) in your nose that bothers you while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. Your health care provider should prescribe calcium and vitamin to help prevent low calcium levels in your blood while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. Take your calcium and vitamin as your healthcare provider tells you to.. There are 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill) (sprays) of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray in each bottle. After either 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill), each spray may not give you the right amount of medicine, even if the bottle is not completely empty. Keep track of the number of doses of medicine used from your bottle.. If you use too much Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.. allergic reactionsSome people have had an allergic reaction when using calcitonin salmon nasal spray. Some reactions may be serious and can be life threatening. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you have any of these symptoms of an allergic reaction.trouble breathingswelling of your face, throat or tonguefast heartbeatchest painfeel dizzy or faintIf you might be allergic to calcitonin salmon, your healthcare provider should do skin test before you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. trouble breathing. swelling of your face, throat or tongue. fast heartbeat. chest pain. feel dizzy or faint. low calcium levels in your blood (hypocalcemia)Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray may lower the calcium levels in your blood. If you have low blood calcium before you start using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, it may get worse during treatment. Your low blood calcium must be treated before you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray. Most people with low blood calcium levels do not have symptoms, but some people may have symptoms. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms of low blood calcium:numbness or tingling in your fingers, toes, or around your mouthYour healthcare provider should:do blood tests while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray prescribe calcium and vitamin to help prevent low calcium levels in your blood while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.Take your calcium and vitamin as your healthcare provider tells you to.. numbness or tingling in your fingers, toes, or around your mouth. do blood tests while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray prescribe calcium and vitamin to help prevent low calcium levels in your blood while you use Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. nose irritationIrritation of your nose can happen while you are using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, especially if you are over 65 years of age. Call your healthcare provider right way if you have any of these symptoms of nose irritation:crustingdrynessredness or swellingnose sores (ulcers)nose bleedsYour healthcare provider may stop your treatment with Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray until your nose irritation symptoms go away.. crusting. dryness. redness or swelling. nose sores (ulcers). nose bleeds. risk of cancerPeople who use calcitonin salmon, the medicine in Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray, may have an increased risk of cancer.. increase of certain cells (sediment) in your urineYour healthcare provider should test your urine often while you are using Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray.. back pain. muscle aches. headache. runny nose. Store open bottles of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray at room temperature between 20C to 25C (68F to 77F) for 30 days (2 mL fill) or 35 days (3.7 mL fill).. Store unopened bottles of Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray in the refrigerator between 2C to 8C (36F to 46F). Do not freeze.. Store Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray bottles in an upright position.. Safely throw away Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray in the trash after you have used 14 doses (2 mL fill) or 30 doses (3.7 mL fill) (sprays).

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION.

1.1 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than years postmenopause. Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated. Calcitonin Salmon (synthetic origin) Nasal Spray should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies).

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. There are no data to support use in children (8.4) Nasal reactions are more common in elderly patients (8.5). There are no data to support use in children (8.4) Nasal reactions are more common in elderly patients (8.5). 8.1 Pregnancy. Risk Summary Calcitonin salmon nasal spray is not indicated for use in females of reproductive potential. There are no data with the use of calcitonin salmon nasal spray in pregnant women. In an animal reproduction study, subcutaneous administration of calcitonin-salmon to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at 418 times the recommended parenteral human dose caused decrease in fetal birth weights. No adverse developmental outcome was observed in the rat with subcutaneous administration of calcitonin-salmon at times the recommended human parenteral dose based on body surface area (see Data). Data Animal Data Calcitonin salmon has been shown to cause decrease in fetal birth weights in rabbits when given by subcutaneous injection in doses to 18 times the parenteral dose (of 54 International Units/m2) and 70 to 278 times the intranasal dose recommended for human use based on body surface area. No embryo/fetal toxicities related to calcitonin salmon nasal spray were reported from maternal subcutaneous daily doses in rats up to 80 International Units/kg/day from gestation day to 15.. 8.2 Lactation. Risk Summary Calcitonin salmon nasal spray is not indicated for use in females of reproductive potential. There is no information on the presence of calcitonin-salmon in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Calcitonin has been shown to inhibit lactation in rats.. 8.4 Pediatric Use. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.. 8.5 Geriatric Use. In multi-centered, double-blind, randomized clinical study of calcitonin salmon nasal spray, 279 patients were less than 65 years old, while 467 patients were 65 to 74 years old and 196 patients were 75 years old and older. Compared to subjects less than 65 years old, the incidence of nasal adverse reactions (rhinitis, irritation, erythema, and excoriation) was higher in patients over the age of 65, particularly among those over the age of 75. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic shock have been reported. Consider skin testing prior to treatment in patients with suspected hypersensitivity to calcitonin salmon (5.1)Hypocalcemia has been reported. Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin (5.2)Nasal adverse reactions, including severe ulceration can occur. Periodic nasal examinations are recommended (5.3)Malignancy: meta-analysis of 21 clinical trials suggests an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients (5.4, 6.1)Circulating antibodies to calcitonin salmon may develop, and may cause loss of response to treatment (5.5). Serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic shock have been reported. Consider skin testing prior to treatment in patients with suspected hypersensitivity to calcitonin salmon (5.1). Hypocalcemia has been reported. Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin (5.2). Nasal adverse reactions, including severe ulceration can occur. Periodic nasal examinations are recommended (5.3). Malignancy: meta-analysis of 21 clinical trials suggests an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients (5.4, 6.1). Circulating antibodies to calcitonin salmon may develop, and may cause loss of response to treatment (5.5). 5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions. Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving calcitonin salmon nasal spray, e.g., bronchospasm, swelling of the tongue or throat, anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock. Reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions with injectable calcitonin salmon have also been reported, including reports of death attributed to anaphylaxis. The usual provisions should be made for emergency treatment if such reaction occurs. Hypersensitivity reactions should be differentiated from generalized flushing and hypotension [see Contraindications (4)].For patients with suspected hypersensitivity to calcitonin salmon, skin testing should be considered prior to treatment utilizing dilute, sterile solution of calcitonin salmon injectable product. Healthcare providers may wish to refer patients who require skin testing to an allergist. detailed skin testing protocol is available from the Customer Service department of Apotex Corp. (1-800-706-5575).. 5.2 Hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia associated with tetany (i.e., muscle cramps, twitching) and seizure activity has been reported with calcitonin therapy. Hypocalcemia must be corrected before initiating therapy with calcitonin salmon nasal spray. Other disorders affecting mineral metabolism (such as vitamin deficiency) should also be effectively treated. In patients with these conditions, serum calcium and symptoms of hypocalcemia should be monitored during therapy with calcitonin salmon nasal spray. Use of calcitonin salmon nasal spray is recommended in conjunction with an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].. 5.3 Nasal Adverse Reactions. Adverse reactions related to the nose including rhinitis and epistaxis have been reported. Development of mucosal alterations may occur. Therefore, periodic nasal examinations with visualization of the nasal mucosa, turbinates, septum and mucosal blood vessels are recommended prior to start of treatment with calcitonin salmon nasal spray, periodically during the course of therapy, and at any time nasal symptoms occur.Calcitonin salmon nasal spray should be discontinued if severe ulceration of the nasal mucosa occurs, as indicated by ulcers greater than 1.5 mm in diameter or penetrating below the mucosa, or those associated with heavy bleeding. Although smaller ulcers often heal without withdrawal of calcitonin salmon nasal spray, medication should be discontinued temporarily until healing occurs [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].. 5.4 Malignancy. In meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled clinical trials with calcitonin salmon (nasal spray or investigational oral formulations), the overall incidence of malignancies reported was higher among calcitonin salmon-treated patients (4.1%) compared with placebo-treated patients (2.9%). This suggests an increased risk of malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. The benefits for the individual patient should be carefully considered against possible risks [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 5.5 Antibody Formation. Circulating antibodies to calcitonin salmon have been reported with calcitonin salmon nasal spray. The possibility of antibody formation should be considered in any patient with an initial response to calcitonin salmon nasal spray who later stops responding to treatment [see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].. 5.6 Urine Sediment Abnormalities. Coarse granular casts and casts containing renal tubular epithelial cells were reported in young adult volunteers at bed rest who were given injectable calcitonin salmon to study the effect of immobilization on osteoporosis. There was no other evidence of renal abnormality and the urine sediment normalized after calcitonin salmon was stopped. Periodic examinations of urine sediment should be considered. Urine sediment abnormalities have not been reported in ambulatory volunteers treated with calcitonin salmon nasal spray.