primidone ๐Ÿถ Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
2267 125-33-7

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • desoxyphenobarbital
  • primidone
  • lepimidin
  • primaclone
  • primacone
A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.
  • Molecular weight: 218.26
  • Formula: C12H14N2O2
  • CLOGP: 0.88
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 4
  • HDO: 2
  • TPSA: 58.20
  • ALOGS: -2.32
  • ROTB: 2

  • Status: OFP

  • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

DoseUnitRoute
1.25 g O

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) 2 Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility) 0.60 mg/mL Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) 35 % Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 98.18 ยตM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 92 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
March 8, 1954 FDA VALEANT

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Seizure 149.84 14.21 129 8035 132505 63348353
Tremor 73.97 14.21 88 8076 132151 63348707
Petit mal epilepsy 66.14 14.21 23 8141 3771 63477087
Fall 65.62 14.21 151 8013 392183 63088675
Ataxia 51.23 14.21 29 8135 15166 63465692
Completed suicide 49.37 14.21 76 8088 145597 63335261
Drug interaction 41.32 14.21 91 8073 229040 63251818
Anticonvulsant drug level increased 37.64 14.21 12 8152 1505 63479353
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 35.35 14.21 8 8156 269 63480589
Product complaint 34.13 14.21 21 8143 12788 63468070
Myoclonic epilepsy 31.44 14.21 10 8154 1244 63479614
Cerebellar atrophy 27.47 14.21 8 8156 740 63480118
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure 26.31 14.21 25 8139 28991 63451867
Somnolence 24.64 14.21 64 8100 178621 63302237
Diplopia 24.54 14.21 22 8142 23706 63457152
Essential tremor 24.51 14.21 8 8156 1080 63479778
Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic 20.92 14.21 6 8158 526 63480332
Balance disorder 20.51 14.21 38 8126 84384 63396474
Nystagmus 18.64 14.21 11 8153 6209 63474649
Epilepsy 18.47 14.21 20 8144 27045 63453813
Dysarthria 18.40 14.21 25 8139 42686 63438172
Urinary tract infection 18.40 14.21 75 8089 264609 63216249
Loss of consciousness 16.98 14.21 43 8121 118078 63362780
Product substitution issue 16.87 14.21 15 8149 15981 63464877
Multiple sclerosis 16.61 14.21 18 8146 24354 63456504
Gait disturbance 16.12 14.21 56 8108 183122 63297736
Hyperacusis 16.02 14.21 7 8157 2106 63478752
Status epilepticus 15.50 14.21 14 8150 15219 63465639
Joint swelling 15.12 14.21 12 8152 327654 63153204
Drug withdrawal convulsions 15.12 14.21 6 8158 1419 63479439
Hallucination 15.01 14.21 26 8138 54791 63426067
Rheumatoid arthritis 14.90 14.21 7 8157 253812 63227046

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Somnolence 69.26 16.71 88 5642 111028 34840173
Ataxia 65.85 16.71 36 5694 13817 34937384
Serotonin syndrome 58.61 16.71 38 5692 19895 34931306
Seizure 48.59 16.71 72 5658 104785 34846416
Drug interaction 46.15 16.71 109 5621 225837 34725364
Developmental delay 41.44 16.71 16 5714 2759 34948442
Multiple-drug resistance 40.73 16.71 19 5711 5220 34945981
Hallucination 40.56 16.71 46 5684 51452 34899749
Gingival atrophy 39.86 16.71 7 5723 46 34951155
Tremor 35.79 16.71 55 5675 82532 34868669
Open angle glaucoma 31.97 16.71 7 5723 157 34951044
Fall 31.15 16.71 88 5642 202797 34748404
Bone metabolism disorder 29.09 16.71 7 5723 241 34950960
Plantar fascial fibromatosis 28.63 16.71 4 5726 3 34951198
Drug ineffective 28.20 16.71 148 5582 456603 34494598
Cervicobrachial syndrome 27.21 16.71 7 5723 318 34950883
Status epilepticus 25.24 16.71 19 5711 12595 34938606
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure 24 16.71 23 5707 21151 34930050
Gingival disorder 23.73 16.71 9 5721 1478 34949723
Lens dislocation 23.06 16.71 5 5725 107 34951094
Gastric hypomotility 23.01 16.71 5 5725 108 34951093
Nystagmus 21.70 16.71 12 5718 4703 34946498
Acute kidney injury 21.00 16.71 12 5718 304976 34646225
Focal dyscognitive seizures 20.75 16.71 8 5722 1373 34949828
Viral diarrhoea 20.64 16.71 5 5725 177 34951024
Balance disorder 20.36 16.71 29 5701 40625 34910576
Shunt malfunction 20.32 16.71 5 5725 189 34951012
Growth hormone-producing pituitary tumour 19.85 16.71 4 5726 59 34951142
Cerebellar atrophy 19.24 16.71 6 5724 548 34950653
Overdose 18.57 16.71 44 5686 91015 34860186
Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic 18.01 16.71 6 5724 676 34950525
Completed suicide 17.44 16.71 45 5685 98123 34853078
Jaw disorder 17.25 16.71 8 5722 2167 34949034
Blood growth hormone increased 16.89 16.71 5 5725 383 34950818
Visual field defect 16.85 16.71 10 5720 4473 34946728

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Ataxia 107.70 14.41 57 10677 24982 79708672
Seizure 99.99 14.41 125 10609 188709 79544945
Drug interaction 83.63 14.41 177 10557 415006 79318648
Tremor 78.13 14.41 105 10629 169978 79563676
Fall 77.24 14.41 189 10545 487440 79246214
Completed suicide 71.99 14.41 123 10611 245644 79488010
Somnolence 51.63 14.41 105 10629 238876 79494778
Petit mal epilepsy 49.19 14.41 21 10713 5706 79727948
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 42.40 14.41 9 10725 213 79733441
Nystagmus 38.25 14.41 21 10713 9883 79723771
Gingival atrophy 38.01 14.41 7 10727 77 79733577
Serotonin syndrome 37.87 14.41 38 10696 44989 79688665
Hallucination 36.39 14.41 51 10683 85694 79647960
Cerebellar atrophy 35.96 14.41 11 10723 1150 79732504
Developmental delay 35.32 14.41 11 10723 1220 79732434
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure 35.00 14.41 36 10698 43874 79689780
Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic 31.66 14.41 10 10724 1161 79732493
Myoclonic epilepsy 30.25 14.41 11 10723 1959 79731695
Epilepsy 29.89 14.41 32 10702 40828 79692826
Status epilepticus 28.49 14.41 25 10709 25016 79708638
Toxicity to various agents 27.57 14.41 121 10613 421419 79312235
Anticonvulsant drug level increased 27.07 14.41 11 10723 2642 79731012
Multiple-drug resistance 26.83 14.41 16 10718 8792 79724862
Open angle glaucoma 26.36 14.41 7 10727 440 79733214
Bone metabolism disorder 25.34 14.41 7 10727 511 79733143
Mental status changes 24.30 14.41 37 10697 66922 79666732
Gingival disorder 23.69 14.41 11 10723 3640 79730014
Anticonvulsant drug level decreased 23.15 14.41 9 10725 1925 79731729
Plantar fascial fibromatosis 22.55 14.41 4 10730 35 79733619
Gastric hypomotility 21.35 14.41 5 10729 187 79733467
Choreoathetosis 21.28 14.41 8 10726 1562 79732092
Dysarthria 21.27 14.41 35 10699 67587 79666067
Focal dyscognitive seizures 21.00 14.41 10 10724 3502 79730152
Balance disorder 20.78 14.41 43 10691 98814 79634840
Growth hormone-producing pituitary tumour 20.27 14.41 4 10730 65 79733589
Cervicobrachial syndrome 19.86 14.41 7 10727 1139 79732515
Shunt malfunction 19.64 14.41 5 10729 266 79733388
Dementia 19.25 14.41 20 10714 24639 79709015
Inhibitory drug interaction 18.75 14.41 10 10724 4443 79729211
Urinary tract infection 18.06 14.41 79 10655 274433 79459221
Viral diarrhoea 17.85 14.41 5 10729 384 79733270
Essential tremor 17.78 14.41 7 10727 1548 79732106
Confusional state 17.60 14.41 87 10647 317910 79415744
Acute kidney injury 17.31 14.41 27 10707 519377 79214277
Oesophageal ulcer 17.01 14.41 11 10723 6964 79726690
Overdose 17.00 14.41 59 10675 184147 79549507
Lens dislocation 16.92 14.41 4 10730 156 79733498
Multiple sclerosis 15.50 14.41 17 10717 22265 79711389
Jaw disorder 15.01 14.41 9 10725 4997 79728657
Upper limb fracture 14.80 14.41 15 10719 17952 79715702
Dizziness 14.72 14.41 121 10613 526320 79207334
Blood growth hormone increased 14.71 14.41 5 10729 731 79732923

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC N03AA03 NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANTIEPILEPTICS
ANTIEPILEPTICS
Barbiturates and derivatives
FDA PE N0000008486 Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity
MeSH PA D000927 Anticonvulsants
MeSH PA D002491 Central Nervous System Agents
MeSH PA D018682 GABA Agents
MeSH PA D018757 GABA Modulators
MeSH PA D018377 Neurotransmitter Agents
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35623 anticonvulsants
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35703 Xenobiotic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:78298 environmental contaminants
FDA EPC N0000175753 Anti-epileptic Agent

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
Tonic-clonic seizure indication 54200006
Epilepsy indication 84757009 DOID:1826
Bipolar disorder in remission indication 85248005
Localization-related epilepsy indication 230381009 DOID:2234
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome indication 230418006
Tonic-clonic epilepsy indication 352818000 DOID:7725
Epilepsy characterized by intractable complex partial seizures indication 442481002
Simple partial seizure indication 117891000119100
Bipolar affective disorder, current episode depression off-label use 191627008 DOID:3312
Neuropathic pain off-label use 247398009
Essential tremor off-label use 609558009 DOID:4990
Rapid Cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder off-label use
Suicidal thoughts contraindication 6471006
Alcoholism contraindication 7200002
Constitutional aplastic anemia contraindication 28975000 DOID:1342
Depressive disorder contraindication 35489007
Megaloblastic anemia contraindication 53165003 DOID:13382
Acute nephropathy contraindication 58574008
Sleep apnea contraindication 73430006 DOID:0050847
Leukopenia contraindication 84828003 DOID:615
Kidney disease contraindication 90708001 DOID:557
Pancytopenia contraindication 127034005 DOID:12450
Non-infective meningitis contraindication 230155003
Disease of liver contraindication 235856003 DOID:409
Anemia contraindication 271737000 DOID:2355
Pregnancy, function contraindication 289908002
Thrombocytopenic disorder contraindication 302215000 DOID:1588
Neutropenic disorder contraindication 303011007 DOID:1227
Aplastic anemia contraindication 306058006 DOID:12449
Granulocytopenic disorder contraindication 417672002
Porphyria contraindication 418470004
Primidone Toxicity contraindication




๐Ÿถ Veterinary Drug Use

SpeciesUseRelation
Dogs Convulsions associated with idiopathic epilepsy Indication
Dogs Epileptiform convulsions Indication
Dogs Viral encephalitis Indication
Dogs Distemper Indication
Dogs Hardpad disease Indication

๐Ÿถ Veterinary products

ProductApplicantIngredients
Primidone Zoetis Inc. 1
Mylepsin Tablets Zoetis Inc. 1
Mylepsin, Primidone Medi-Pets Zoetis Inc. 1
Neurosyn Tablets Cronus Pharma Specialities India Private Limited 1

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 13.99 acidic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])
Mechanism
action
Bioact sourceMoA source
GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2 Ion channel POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR WOMBAT-PK CHEMBL
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 Ion channel BLOCKER IC50 6.20 IUPHAR

External reference:

IDSource
4018485 VUID
N0000146807 NUI
D00474 KEGG_DRUG
4018485 VANDF
C0033148 UMLSCUI
CHEBI:8412 CHEBI
CHEMBL856 ChEMBL_ID
DB00794 DRUGBANK_ID
D011324 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
4909 PUBCHEM_CID
5338 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
248 INN_ID
13AFD7670Q UNII
8691 RXNORM
390 MMSL
5355 MMSL
d00352 MMSL
001626 NDDF
387256009 SNOMEDCT_US
47120002 SNOMEDCT_US

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0527-1231 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0527-1231 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0527-1301 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0527-1301 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0591-5321 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 13 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0615-8206 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0615-8206 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0904-5559 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-522 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 15 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-540 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 15 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-509 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 16 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-509 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 16 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-511 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 16 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-511 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 16 sections
PRIMIDONE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42549-680 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-1622 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 13 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-4083 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-4083 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50268-686 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50268-687 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 51407-637 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 51407-638 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 52817-117 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 15 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 53746-544 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 53746-544 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 53746-545 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 53746-545 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54868-1691 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54868-5067 TABLET 50 mg ORAL ANDA 14 sections
Primidone HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 55111-476 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 13 sections