AI ASSISTANT
Ask DrugCentral
Explore drug properties, targets, and indications with answers grounded in DrugCentral.
Powered by DrugCentral + retrieval-augmented AIYour question
Ask in your own words. Each question is answered independently.
Explore sample questions
Select a question to fill the editor, then ask it or make it your own.
DrugCentral answer
Your answer will appear here. Open linked drug cards in a new tab to explore the source details.
About Ask DrugCentral
Ask DrugCentral helps you explore drug properties, biological targets, and indications using natural language. Sample questions offer starting points, and linked drug cards let you check the underlying records.
General architecture
- Ask a questionThe browser sends your question to the same-origin Django chat API.
- Retrieve and generateThe API forwards the question to the configured DrugCentral retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) service, which returns an AI-generated answer.
- Explore the answerThe app resolves cited drug-card names and displays the answer with links to drug records.
Using the assistant
Each request is independent; previous questions are not sent as conversation history. You can edit a sample before submitting, retry a failed request, or switch back to normal search. Drug links open in a new tab so your question and answer stay available.
Answers may contain mistakes or omit information. Verify details against DrugCentral records and original sources.
AI can make mistakes. Verify answers against the original sources before relying on them.
penicillamine 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |
| Stem definition | Drug id | CAS RN |
|---|---|---|
| 2081 | 52-67-5 |
Description:
| Molecule | Description |
|---|---|
|
Synonyms:
|
3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.
Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent |
Drug dosage:
| Dose | Unit | Route |
|---|---|---|
| 0.50 | g | O |
ADMET properties:
| Property | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) | 3 | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) | 45 % | Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI |
| BA (Bioavailability) | 50 % | Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H |
| Vd (Volume of distribution) | 1.26 L/kg | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| CL (Clearance) | 10.65 mL/min/kg | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) | 0.12 % | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| t_half (Half-life) | 3.04 hours | Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS |
| S (Water solubility) | 111 mg/mL | Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ |
Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):
| Property | Description | Value | Unit | Confidence | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pfas-class | PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) | 0 |
Approvals:
| Date | Agency | Company | Orphan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dec. 4, 1970 | FDA | ATON |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis | 258.60 | 52.64 | 49 | 2068 | 3944 | 90622386 |
| Proteinuria | 204.78 | 52.64 | 56 | 2061 | 23235 | 90603095 |
| Vasculitis | 138.20 | 52.64 | 41 | 2076 | 22652 | 90603678 |
| Drug hypersensitivity | 132.77 | 52.64 | 99 | 2018 | 463510 | 90162820 |
| Inflammation | 104.88 | 52.64 | 60 | 2057 | 178532 | 90447798 |
| Joint swelling | 88.24 | 52.64 | 81 | 2036 | 503219 | 90123111 |
| Cardiovascular disorder | 84.80 | 52.64 | 25 | 2092 | 13467 | 90612863 |
| SLE arthritis | 66.94 | 52.64 | 12 | 2105 | 705 | 90625625 |
| Weber tuning fork test abnormal | 63.77 | 52.64 | 9 | 2108 | 110 | 90626220 |
| Arthralgia | 63.76 | 52.64 | 84 | 2033 | 778438 | 89847892 |
| Elastosis perforans | 63.33 | 52.64 | 7 | 2110 | 6 | 90626324 |
| Acute kidney injury | 62.73 | 52.64 | 55 | 2062 | 320332 | 90305998 |
| Treatment failure | 59.12 | 52.64 | 52 | 2065 | 303876 | 90322454 |
| Elbow deformity | 58.02 | 52.64 | 12 | 2105 | 1499 | 90624831 |
| Anaphylactic reaction | 55.53 | 52.64 | 31 | 2086 | 87493 | 90538837 |
| Chest pain | 54.91 | 52.64 | 51 | 2066 | 319594 | 90306736 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cutis laxa | 39.36 | 34.52 | 5 | 253 | 112 | 42620965 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)
| MedDRA adverse event term | Likelihood ratio | Likelihood ratio threshold | Patients taking drug having adverse event | Patients taking drug not having adverse event | Patients not taking drug having adverse event | Patients not taking drug not having adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis | 193.27 | 39.83 | 39 | 2049 | 5378 | 110581833 |
| Proteinuria | 136.04 | 39.83 | 44 | 2044 | 39974 | 110547237 |
| Drug hypersensitivity | 113.05 | 39.83 | 82 | 2006 | 454008 | 110133203 |
| Vasculitis | 108.01 | 39.83 | 36 | 2052 | 35837 | 110551374 |
| Inflammation | 106.80 | 39.83 | 58 | 2030 | 193180 | 110394031 |
| Joint swelling | 88.03 | 39.83 | 70 | 2018 | 442775 | 110144436 |
| Elastosis perforans | 74.56 | 39.83 | 8 | 2080 | 6 | 110587205 |
| Cardiovascular disorder | 73.11 | 39.83 | 24 | 2064 | 22736 | 110564475 |
| Weber tuning fork test abnormal | 65.68 | 39.83 | 9 | 2079 | 110 | 110587101 |
| Arthralgia | 61.08 | 39.83 | 74 | 2014 | 779558 | 109807653 |
| SLE arthritis | 57.27 | 39.83 | 10 | 2078 | 627 | 110586584 |
| Anaphylactic reaction | 53.97 | 39.83 | 31 | 2057 | 114269 | 110472942 |
| Elbow deformity | 48.65 | 39.83 | 10 | 2078 | 1500 | 110585711 |
| Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased | 44.49 | 39.83 | 24 | 2064 | 78278 | 110508933 |
| Jaw fracture | 41.31 | 39.83 | 10 | 2078 | 3146 | 110584065 |
| Contraindicated product administered | 40.28 | 39.83 | 35 | 2053 | 248232 | 110338979 |
| Chest pain | 40.02 | 39.83 | 42 | 2046 | 376333 | 110210878 |
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)
None
Pharmacologic Action:
| Source | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ATC | M01CC01 | MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS SPECIFIC ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS Penicillamine and similar agents |
| MeSH PA | D000931 | Antidotes |
| MeSH PA | D002614 | Chelating Agents |
| MeSH PA | D018501 | Antirheumatic Agents |
| MeSH PA | D020011 | Protective Agents |
| MeSH PA | D064449 | Sequestering Agents |
| FDA EPC | N0000175713 | Antirheumatic Agent |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:35842 | antirheumatic drug |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:38161 | chelator |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:88188 | drug allergen |
| CHEBI has role | CHEBI:166831 | copper chelator |
Related Drugs by ATC class:
M01CC Penicillamine and similar agents 1 drug
Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|
| Disease | Relation | SNOMED_ID | DOID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid arthritis | indication | 69896004 | DOID:7148 |
| Cystinuria | indication | 85020001 | DOID:9266 |
| Wilson's disease | indication | 88518009 | |
| Cystine Renal Calculi | indication | ||
| Felty's syndrome | off-label use | 57160007 | DOID:11042 |
| Rheumatoid vasculitis | off-label use | 400054000 | |
| Bronchiolitis | contraindication | 4120002 | DOID:2942 |
| Agranulocytosis | contraindication | 17182001 | DOID:12987 |
| Proteinuria | contraindication | 29738008 | DOID:576 |
| Blood in urine | contraindication | 34436003 | |
| Glomerulonephritis | contraindication | 36171008 | DOID:2921 |
| Goodpasture's syndrome | contraindication | 50581000 | |
| Pemphigus | contraindication | 65172003 | DOID:9182 |
| Leukopenia | contraindication | 84828003 | DOID:615 |
| Iron deficiency anemia | contraindication | 87522002 | |
| Kidney disease | contraindication | 90708001 | DOID:557 |
| Myasthenia gravis | contraindication | 91637004 | DOID:437 |
| Liver function tests abnormal | contraindication | 166603001 | |
| Lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme-like syndrome | contraindication | 238926009 | |
| Aplastic anemia due to drugs | contraindication | 267527002 | |
| Pregnancy, function | contraindication | 289908002 | |
| Thrombocytopenic disorder | contraindication | 302215000 | DOID:1588 |
| Aplastic anemia | contraindication | 306058006 | DOID:12449 |
| Breastfeeding (mother) | contraindication | 413712001 | |
| Aphthous ulcer of mouth | contraindication | 426965005 | DOID:9663 |
🐶 Veterinary Drug Use
None
🐶 Veterinary products
None
Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0
| Dissociation level | Dissociation constant | Type (acidic/basic) |
|---|---|---|
| pKa1 | 1.9 | acidic |
| pKa2 | 10.65 | acidic |
| pKa3 | 8.68 | Basic |
Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)
None
Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)
None
Bioactivity Summary:
| Target | Class | Pharos | UniProt | Action | Type | Activity value (-log[M]) | Mechanism action | Bioact source | MoA source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase | Enzyme | IC50 | 4.30 | CHEMBL |
External reference:
| ID | Source |
|---|---|
| 4017940 | VUID |
| N0000146290 | NUI |
| D00496 | KEGG_DRUG |
| 4017940 | VANDF |
| 4021767 | VANDF |
| C0030817 | UMLSCUI |
| CHEBI:7959 | CHEBI |
| LEI | PDB_CHEM_ID |
| CHEMBL1430 | ChEMBL_ID |
| DB00859 | DRUGBANK_ID |
| D010396 | MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI |
| 5852 | PUBCHEM_CID |
| 1121 | INN_ID |
| 7264 | IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID |
| GNN1DV99GX | UNII |
| 202724 | RXNORM |
| 198 | MMSL |
| 5243 | MMSL |
| 52894 | MMSL |
| d00333 | MMSL |
| 001088 | NDDF |
| 387235007 | SNOMEDCT_US |
| 4219002 | SNOMEDCT_US |
Pharmaceutical products:
| Product | Category | Ingredients | NDC | Form | Quantity | Route | Marketing | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depen | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0037-4401 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | NDA | 15 sections |
| penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0254-2000 | TABLET, FILM COATED | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 14 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 0591-4171 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 19 sections |
| Cuprimine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 25010-705 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | NDA | 20 sections |
| Cuprimine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 25010-705 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | NDA | 20 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 43598-634 | CAPSULE, GELATIN COATED | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 17 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 49884-146 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 17 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 51991-974 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 20 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 68475-201 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 16 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 70010-907 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 16 sections |
| AAGYLUR | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 70709-102 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 18 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 70748-153 | TABLET | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 13 sections |
| Penicillamine | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL | 1 | 71205-916 | CAPSULE | 250 mg | ORAL | ANDA | 16 sections |