AI ASSISTANT

Ask DrugCentral

Explore drug properties, targets, and indications with answers grounded in DrugCentral.

Your question

Ask in your own words. Each question is answered independently.

Explore sample questions

Select a question to fill the editor, then ask it or make it your own.

DrugCentral answer

Your answer will appear here. Open linked drug cards in a new tab to explore the source details.

AI can make mistakes. Verify answers against the original sources before relying on them.

Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definition	Drug id	CAS RN
antihypertensives, hydrazinephthalazine derivatives	1384	86-54-4

Description:

Molecule	Description
Molfile Inchi Smiles Synonyms: hydralazine hydralazine hydrochloride hydralazine HCl	A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. Molecular weight: 160.18 Formula: C8H8N4 CLOGP: 1.17 LIPINSKI: 0 HAC: 4 HDO: 2 TPSA: 63.83 ALOGS: -1.78 ROTB: 1 Status: OFP Legend: OFP - off patent OFM - off market ONP - on patent

Molecule

Description

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

hydralazine
hydralazine hydrochloride
hydralazine HCl

A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.

Molecular weight: 160.18
Formula: C8H8N4
CLOGP: 1.17
LIPINSKI: 0
HAC: 4
HDO: 2
TPSA: 63.83
ALOGS: -1.78
ROTB: 1

Status: OFP

Legend:
OFP - off patent
OFM - off market
ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

Dose	Unit	Route
0.10	g	O

ADMET properties:

Property	Value	Reference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System)	1	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility)	44.20 mg/mL	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine)	8 %	Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose)	20.79 µM/kg/day	Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability)	23 %	Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution)	1.50 L/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance)	85 mL/min/kg	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma)	0.12 %	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life)	1 hours	Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

Property	Description	Value	Unit	Confidence	Similarity
azlogd74	LogD at pH 7.4	0.971		High	1
caco2-efflux	Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB)	0.938		High	1
caco2-intrinsic-papp	Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability	16.982	10^-6 cm/s	High	1
dh-clint	Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	8.395	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
dppb	Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound)	41	%	High	1
fcs-ppb	Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound)	56.520	%	High	1
herg	hERG pIC50	4.361	pIC50	High	1
hh-clint	Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	17.298	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
hlm-clint	Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance	23.768	uL/min/mg protein	High	1
hppb	Human plasma protein binding (% unbound)	16.570	%	High	1
mdck-mdr1-efflux	MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio	3.639		High	1
mh-clint	Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	187.499		High	1
mppb	Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound)	42.070		High	1
nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux	NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio	1.528		High	1
pfas-class	PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False)	0
pppb	Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound)	36.790	%	High	1
rh-clint	Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance	92.897	uL/min/10^6 cells	High	1
rh-fuinc	Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation	90.680	%	High	1
rppb	Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound)	27.820	%	High	1
solubility-dd	Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO	803.526	uM	High	1

Approvals:

Date	Agency	Company	Orphan
Jan. 15, 1953	FDA

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis	3390.73	12.44	674	36522	3319	90587932
Glomerulonephritis rapidly progressive	692.17	12.44	149	37047	1141	90590110
Pulmonary renal syndrome	607.52	12.44	117	37079	468	90590783
Cardiac failure congestive	444.40	12.44	349	36847	98345	90492906
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage	436.53	12.44	142	37054	5856	90585395
Glomerulonephritis	388.04	12.44	106	37090	2364	90588887
Gastrointestinal tract mucosal pigmentation	265.41	12.44	61	37135	648	90590603
Acute kidney injury	232.79	12.44	447	36749	319940	90271311
Lupus nephritis	221.56	12.44	81	37115	4751	90586500
Vasculitis	216.93	12.44	128	37068	22565	90568686
Lupus-like syndrome	196.82	12.44	162	37034	48684	90542567
Loss of employment	190.41	12.44	64	37132	2923	90588328
Blood pressure inadequately controlled	171.01	12.44	72	37124	6152	90585099
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis	153.58	12.44	57	37139	3488	90587763
Premature delivery	150.82	12.44	126	37070	38636	90552615
Cardiac failure	113.57	12.44	179	37017	109317	90481934
Glossodynia	110.91	12.44	5	37191	321774	90269477
Hand deformity	107.72	12.44	3	37193	296359	90294892
Hepatic steatosis	107.69	12.44	102	37094	36843	90554408
Chronic kidney disease	105.21	12.44	116	37080	50075	90541176
Renal vasculitis	102.94	12.44	26	37170	422	90590829
Hyperkalaemia	101.18	12.44	129	37067	64835	90526416
Arthropathy	100.99	12.44	15	37181	366227	90225024
Exercise tolerance decreased	100.61	12.44	53	37143	7498	90583753
Rheumatoid arthritis	99.65	12.44	15	37181	362599	90228652
Synovitis	99.50	12.44	10	37186	329742	90261509
Serositis	99.14	12.44	32	37164	1285	90589966
Joint swelling	90.33	12.44	47	37149	503253	90087998
Diabetes mellitus inadequate control	90.31	12.44	69	37127	18615	90572636
Exposure during pregnancy	89.36	12.44	257	36939	238153	90353098
Infusion related reaction	87.37	12.44	31	37165	416749	90174502
Body mass index abnormal	85.61	12.44	25	37171	714	90590537
Renal impairment	83.68	12.44	153	37043	105268	90485983
Wound	82.16	12.44	13	37183	302967	90288284
Pericarditis	81.99	12.44	8	37188	270143	90321108
Alopecia	80.63	12.44	52	37144	495019	90096232
Alveolitis	79.84	12.44	34	37162	2987	90588264
Glomerulonephritis proliferative	79.43	12.44	19	37177	243	90591008
End stage renal disease	78.38	12.44	47	37149	8524	90582727
Treatment failure	78.13	12.44	15	37181	303913	90287338
Lower respiratory tract infection	77.19	12.44	7	37189	250652	90340599
Mental status changes	74.79	12.44	92	37104	44587	90546664
Death	74.43	12.44	377	36819	456174	90135077
Central nervous system lupus	74.38	12.44	26	37170	1337	90589914
General physical health deterioration	73.41	12.44	27	37169	355088	90236163
Impaired healing	70.89	12.44	7	37189	234192	90357059
Multiple drug therapy	70.83	12.44	41	37155	6968	90584283
BRASH syndrome	69.78	12.44	27	37169	1852	90589399
Blood pressure increased	69.47	12.44	208	36988	197009	90394242
Pulmonary oedema	69.26	12.44	105	37091	61975	90529276
Cerebrovascular accident	69.06	12.44	155	37041	123378	90467873
Dyspnoea	68.82	12.44	605	36591	880350	89710901
Pre-eclampsia	67.47	12.44	47	37149	11001	90580250
Lupus pneumonitis	67.01	12.44	14	37182	91	90591160
Psoriatic arthropathy	66.13	12.44	8	37188	228327	90362924
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody	64.24	12.44	12	37184	39	90591212
Fibromyalgia	60.29	12.44	7	37189	206262	90384989
Atrial fibrillation	59.99	12.44	154	37042	133457	90457794
Renal failure	59.86	12.44	152	37044	130855	90460396
Premature baby	59.67	12.44	62	37134	25015	90566236
Respiratory failure	57.90	12.44	141	37055	118277	90472974
Shock	56.00	12.44	64	37132	28714	90562537
Musculoskeletal stiffness	55.70	12.44	26	37170	296506	90294745
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive	55.48	12.44	18	37178	735	90590516
Inflammation	54.94	12.44	5	37191	178587	90412664
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	54.45	12.44	9	37187	203235	90388016
Pyrexia	54.42	12.44	119	37077	660366	89930885
Peritonitis bacterial	54.26	12.44	31	37165	5140	90586111
Gliosis	54.07	12.44	16	37180	479	90590772
Low birth weight baby	52.55	12.44	38	37158	9429	90581822
Sinusitis	51.88	12.44	39	37157	343049	90248202
Discomfort	51.60	12.44	24	37172	274311	90316940
Treatment noncompliance	51.45	12.44	83	37113	51644	90539607
Haematuria	50.67	12.44	67	37129	34870	90556381
Monocytosis	50.58	12.44	18	37178	976	90590275
Hypervolaemia	49.34	12.44	64	37132	32693	90558558
Polyserositis	49.23	12.44	16	37180	657	90590594
Pouchitis	49.13	12.44	16	37180	661	90590590
Hypoxia	48.72	12.44	98	37098	72301	90518950
Blood cholesterol increased	47.98	12.44	13	37183	207999	90383252
Stomatitis	47.25	12.44	27	37169	274671	90316580
Blister	46.90	12.44	23	37173	254975	90336276
Swelling	46.90	12.44	62	37134	418996	90172255
Hospitalisation	46.88	12.44	137	37059	127963	90463288
Generalised oedema	45.13	12.44	47	37149	19006	90572245
Gout	44.33	12.44	44	37152	16815	90574436
Left ventricle outflow tract obstruction	43.01	12.44	13	37183	419	90590832
Ulcerative keratitis	42.52	12.44	23	37173	3430	90587821
Pleural effusion	42.16	12.44	121	37075	111870	90479381
Joint range of motion decreased	41.17	12.44	4	37192	135639	90455612
Hypotension	40.48	12.44	250	36946	325147	90266104
Hypertension	40.22	12.44	323	36873	457209	90134042
Vaccination site pain	39.94	12.44	12	37184	379	90590872
Cardiac tamponade	39.24	12.44	26	37170	5606	90585645
Nasopharyngitis	39.00	12.44	67	37129	407037	90184214
Liver injury	38.69	12.44	11	37185	170556	90420695
Premature menopause	38.61	12.44	16	37180	1313	90589938
Cutaneous vasculitis	37.95	12.44	28	37168	7165	90584086
Completed suicide	37.63	12.44	138	37058	144920	90446331
Norepinephrine increased	37.18	12.44	8	37188	61	90591190
Oedema peripheral	37.15	12.44	206	36990	257709	90333542
Ventricular hyperkinesia	37.06	12.44	8	37188	62	90591189
Acute myocardial infarction	36.09	12.44	57	37139	34833	90556418
Pathergy reaction	35.90	12.44	8	37188	73	90591178
C-reactive protein increased	35.46	12.44	15	37181	181374	90409877
Ovarian failure	35.34	12.44	16	37180	1627	90589624
Pericardial effusion	35.13	12.44	58	37138	36775	90554476
Ill-defined disorder	35.03	12.44	16	37180	184875	90406376
Exposure to SARS-CoV-2	34.92	12.44	18	37178	2434	90588817
Myocardial infarction	33.78	12.44	108	37088	105864	90485387
Sleep disorder	33.28	12.44	20	37176	198010	90393241
Urticaria	33.23	12.44	48	37148	312686	90278565
Proctectomy	32.97	12.44	9	37187	200	90591051
Cough	32.13	12.44	260	36936	368702	90222549
Depressed mood	31.45	12.44	66	37130	50156	90541095
Renal disorder	31.36	12.44	56	37140	37803	90553448
Nephritic syndrome	31.09	12.44	10	37186	397	90590854
Pulmonary haemorrhage	31.05	12.44	26	37170	7987	90583264
Lethargy	30.65	12.44	75	37121	63064	90528187
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	30.63	12.44	94	37102	90154	90501097
Dialysis	30.59	12.44	30	37166	11299	90579952
Antiphospholipid syndrome	30.40	12.44	16	37180	2258	90588993
Endometritis	30.05	12.44	13	37183	1187	90590064
Premature labour	29.91	12.44	32	37164	13344	90577907
Osteoarthritis	29.89	12.44	22	37174	195708	90395543
Vasculitis necrotising	29.63	12.44	11	37185	673	90590578
Hypermagnesaemia	29.55	12.44	13	37183	1236	90590015
Dermatitis bullous	29.14	12.44	28	37168	10288	90580963
Eclampsia	29.11	12.44	10	37186	488	90590763
Lipoma	28.94	12.44	17	37179	2969	90588282
Gastric disorder	28.45	12.44	50	37146	33334	90557917
Orthopnoea	28.20	12.44	23	37173	6812	90584439
Cardiac arrest	28.20	12.44	101	37095	104834	90486417
Lower urinary tract symptoms	28.10	12.44	7	37189	107	90591144
Condition aggravated	27.69	12.44	138	37058	595407	89995844
Acidosis	27.66	12.44	30	37166	12706	90578545
Therapeutic product effect incomplete	26.85	12.44	24	37172	193872	90397379
Pulseless electrical activity	26.67	12.44	25	37171	8907	90582344
Venous thrombosis limb	26.62	12.44	17	37179	3445	90587806
Hypertensive urgency	25.98	12.44	10	37186	676	90590575
Pain	25.87	12.44	273	36923	996068	89595183
Migraine	25.85	12.44	24	37172	190368	90400883
Foetal growth restriction	25.63	12.44	25	37171	9355	90581896
Intentional product use issue	25.36	12.44	31	37165	216861	90374390
Cognitive disorder	25.16	12.44	74	37122	69333	90521918
Primary hyperaldosteronism	24.99	12.44	6	37190	78	90591173
Hepatic enzyme increased	24.96	12.44	71	37125	360665	90230586
Foreign body sensation in eyes	24.87	12.44	16	37180	3284	90587967
Dyspepsia	24.60	12.44	27	37169	198133	90393118
Somatic symptom disorder	24.25	12.44	16	37180	3425	90587826
Pulmonary fibrosis	24.25	12.44	7	37189	107496	90483755
Dry mouth	24.06	12.44	24	37172	184035	90407216
Ileostomy	24.02	12.44	13	37183	1941	90589310
Proteinuria	24.01	12.44	38	37158	23253	90567998
Cardiomegaly	23.98	12.44	34	37162	18891	90572360
Hyphaema	23.95	12.44	8	37188	358	90590893
Transient ischaemic attack	23.91	12.44	54	37142	43122	90548129
Blood glucose decreased	23.85	12.44	38	37158	23391	90567860
Peripartum cardiomyopathy	23.61	12.44	7	37189	211	90591040
Neoplasm skin	23.10	12.44	15	37181	3127	90588124
Prescribed overdose	22.69	12.44	6	37190	97619	90493632
Product dose omission issue	22.44	12.44	200	36996	291487	90299764
Medication error	22.34	12.44	81	37115	84571	90506680
Injury	22.25	12.44	29	37167	197320	90393931
Urinary tract infection	22.22	12.44	207	36989	305425	90285826
Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage	22.15	12.44	18	37178	5305	90585946
Wound infection	22.11	12.44	8	37188	106394	90484857
Hypercholesterolaemia	21.98	12.44	7	37189	100885	90490366
Clostridium test positive	21.92	12.44	18	37178	5383	90585868
Night sweats	21.64	12.44	13	37183	128753	90462498
Jugular vein distension	21.49	12.44	10	37186	1083	90590168
Ileostomy closure	21.32	12.44	7	37189	297	90590954
Subdural haematoma	21.23	12.44	30	37166	16615	90574636
Mitral valve incompetence	20.85	12.44	35	37161	22489	90568762
Necrotising retinitis	20.78	12.44	8	37188	541	90590710
Corneal disorder	20.78	12.44	12	37184	2030	90589221
Pernicious anaemia	20.54	12.44	9	37187	847	90590404
HELLP syndrome	20.47	12.44	10	37186	1207	90590044
Suicidal ideation	20.38	12.44	3	37193	73852	90517399
Blood potassium increased	20.23	12.44	33	37163	20716	90570535
Lung disorder	20.22	12.44	19	37177	149864	90441387
Peritonitis	20.11	12.44	32	37164	19673	90571578
Hypertensive emergency	19.86	12.44	12	37184	2205	90589046
Acute respiratory failure	19.79	12.44	50	37146	42868	90548383
Respiratory distress	19.69	12.44	47	37149	38899	90552352
Hypersensitivity	19.63	12.44	108	37088	454569	90136682
Urine output decreased	19.57	12.44	25	37171	12578	90578673
Hypoperfusion	19.54	12.44	11	37185	1773	90589478
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased	19.34	12.44	5	37191	82590	90508661
Stillbirth	18.79	12.44	19	37177	7424	90583827
Obesity	18.66	12.44	10	37186	105497	90485754
Wheezing	18.65	12.44	44	37152	238036	90353215
Hyperplasia adrenal	18.42	12.44	4	37192	32	90591219
Blood glucose increased	17.86	12.44	82	37114	95164	90496087
Vulvovaginal mycotic infection	17.57	12.44	17	37179	6297	90584954
Urinary incontinence	17.57	12.44	44	37152	37522	90553729
Drug abuse	17.44	12.44	6	37190	82341	90508910
Psoriasis	17.39	12.44	21	37175	147733	90443518
Blood creatinine increased	17.35	12.44	85	37111	101301	90489950
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	17.28	12.44	11	37185	2217	90589034
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome	17.26	12.44	12	37184	2799	90588452
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome	17.17	12.44	32	37164	22307	90568944
SARS-CoV-2 test positive	17.16	12.44	22	37174	11106	90580145
Vascular hyalinosis	17.11	12.44	4	37192	46	90591205
Haemorrhagic transformation stroke	16.97	12.44	9	37187	1290	90589961
Hypoglycaemia	16.90	12.44	65	37131	69783	90521468
Prescribed underdose	16.71	12.44	5	37191	75014	90516237
Glomerular filtration rate decreased	16.60	12.44	27	37169	16905	90574346
Lupus vasculitis	16.59	12.44	7	37189	601	90590650
Hepatic cirrhosis	16.49	12.44	3	37193	63250	90528001
Drug intolerance	16.35	12.44	112	37084	447479	90143772
Haemodynamic instability	16.23	12.44	22	37174	11717	90579534
Eye inflammation	16.19	12.44	18	37178	7833	90583418
Phaeochromocytoma crisis	16.17	12.44	6	37190	367	90590884
Systemic lupus erythematosus	16.14	12.44	85	37111	361811	90229440
Neonatal hyponatraemia	16.07	12.44	4	37192	61	90591190
Pregnancy	16.06	12.44	3	37193	62044	90529207
Pulmonary hypertension	16.05	12.44	46	37150	42477	90548774
Neutropenia	15.74	12.44	44	37152	224860	90366391
Musculoskeletal pain	15.64	12.44	29	37167	171222	90420029
Respiratory rate decreased	15.59	12.44	13	37183	3970	90587281
Bradycardia	15.59	12.44	72	37124	83775	90507476
Ascites	15.52	12.44	49	37147	47691	90543560
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	15.51	12.44	33	37163	25310	90565941
Maternal exposure during pregnancy	15.39	12.44	220	36976	359843	90231408
Iliac artery stenosis	15.15	12.44	4	37192	78	90591173
Lower limb fracture	15.12	12.44	8	37188	85005	90506246
Haemoglobin decreased	15.10	12.44	116	37080	161840	90429411
Memory impairment	15.01	12.44	37	37159	197207	90394044
Periumbilical abscess	15.01	12.44	5	37191	222	90591029
Nail disorder	14.98	12.44	3	37193	59064	90532187
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	14.93	12.44	65	37131	73764	90517487
Bullous haemorrhagic dermatosis	14.69	12.44	5	37191	237	90591014
Adverse event	14.56	12.44	16	37180	117402	90473849
Haemoptysis	14.52	12.44	38	37158	33282	90557969
Catheter site abscess	14.44	12.44	5	37191	250	90591001
Joint stiffness	14.39	12.44	7	37189	78035	90513216
Cortisol increased	14.39	12.44	6	37190	500	90590751
Therapy cessation	14.37	12.44	40	37156	36321	90554930
Autoimmune myocarditis	14.19	12.44	5	37191	263	90590988
Paranasal sinus discomfort	14.14	12.44	15	37181	6195	90585056
Azotaemia	14.14	12.44	14	37182	5334	90585917
Umbilical cord vascular disorder	13.98	12.44	4	37192	106	90591145
Throat clearing	13.92	12.44	12	37184	3835	90587416
Nephrogenic anaemia	13.92	12.44	10	37186	2456	90588795
Intestinal anastomosis	13.80	12.44	7	37189	915	90590336
Nephritis	13.71	12.44	11	37185	3184	90588067
Blood pressure abnormal	13.70	12.44	27	37169	19618	90571633
Symptom recurrence	13.62	12.44	12	37184	3947	90587304
Blood sodium decreased	13.61	12.44	33	37163	27580	90563671
Infection	13.52	12.44	90	37106	362004	90229247
Postoperative hypertension	13.50	12.44	3	37193	27	90591224
Ventilation perfusion mismatch	13.48	12.44	6	37190	586	90590665
Methaemoglobinaemia	13.48	12.44	12	37184	4003	90587248
Conjunctival oedema	13.47	12.44	7	37189	962	90590289
Vitreous haemorrhage	13.36	12.44	10	37186	2616	90588635
Leukopenia	13.31	12.44	13	37183	100697	90490554
Coronary artery disease	13.30	12.44	37	37159	33586	90557665
Phaeochromocytoma	13.25	12.44	6	37190	611	90590640
Urine protein/creatinine ratio increased	13.19	12.44	7	37189	1005	90590246
Abortion spontaneous	13.19	12.44	3	37193	54053	90537198
Metabolic encephalopathy	13.11	12.44	15	37181	6737	90584514
Superimposed pre-eclampsia	13.04	12.44	3	37193	32	90591219
Small for dates baby	13.04	12.44	13	37183	4994	90586257
Action tremor	13.03	12.44	5	37191	335	90590916
Road traffic accident	12.98	12.44	15	37181	107611	90483640
Lacrimation increased	12.97	12.44	32	37164	27030	90564221
Stag horn calculus	12.78	12.44	4	37192	145	90591106
Hypertensive nephropathy	12.70	12.44	6	37190	672	90590579
Bicuspid aortic valve	12.65	12.44	4	37192	150	90591101
Hypoglycaemia neonatal	12.51	12.44	7	37189	1115	90590136

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis	1706.68	12.90	344	24615	1184	42595192
Lupus-like syndrome	503.06	12.90	148	24811	3006	42593370
Glomerulonephritis rapidly progressive	407.47	12.90	97	24862	823	42595553
Pulmonary renal syndrome	349.28	12.90	68	24891	184	42596192
Gastrointestinal tract mucosal pigmentation	314.24	12.90	72	24887	507	42595869
Glomerulonephritis	279.99	12.90	90	24869	2476	42593900
Cardiac failure congestive	239.13	12.90	272	24687	85330	42511046
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage	165.67	12.90	105	24854	14711	42581665
Acute kidney injury	126.71	12.90	486	24473	366851	42229525
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody	120.78	12.90	21	24938	21	42596355
Lupus nephritis	107.41	12.90	30	24929	501	42595875
Device interaction	95.61	12.90	28	24931	558	42595818
End stage renal disease	90.27	12.90	76	24883	16482	42579894
Chronic kidney disease	80.99	12.90	118	24841	47123	42549253
Vasculitis	75.63	12.90	72	24887	18322	42578054
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis	66.92	12.90	29	24930	1855	42594521
Renal vasculitis	59.84	12.90	16	24943	225	42596151
Completed suicide	59.15	12.90	156	24803	96309	42500067
Systemic lupus erythematosus	55.41	12.90	45	24914	9279	42587097
Pulmonary haemorrhage	51.45	12.90	47	24912	11350	42585026
Myocardial infarction	50.87	12.90	174	24785	123835	42472541
Cerebrovascular accident	47.70	12.90	145	24814	97015	42499361
Lupus vasculitis	45.11	12.90	7	24952	0	42596376
Hypotension	44.35	12.90	280	24679	257351	42339025
Pulmonary oedema	43.19	12.90	96	24863	53176	42543200
Renin increased	43.09	12.90	12	24947	198	42596178
Pericardial effusion	41.52	12.90	67	24892	29208	42567168
Pleuropericarditis	41.42	12.90	13	24946	330	42596046
Low birth weight baby	40.98	12.90	39	24920	9916	42586460
Premature baby	39.90	12.90	58	24901	23095	42573281
Peritonitis bacterial	38.21	12.90	32	24927	6883	42589493
Unresponsive to stimuli	38.06	12.90	67	24892	31336	42565040
Overlap syndrome	37.22	12.90	12	24947	333	42596043
Drug abuse	37.11	12.90	8	24951	104763	42491613
Renal failure	36.70	12.90	174	24785	143552	42452824
Mental status changes	36.53	12.90	78	24881	42037	42554339
Hypervolaemia	34.27	12.90	54	24905	23071	42573305
Hypertension	34.04	12.90	190	24769	167014	42429362
General physical health deterioration	33.32	12.90	24	24935	151222	42445154
Suspected suicide	32.84	12.90	28	24931	6171	42590205
Apgar score low	31.51	12.90	14	24945	951	42595425
Ventricular asystole	30.59	12.90	10	24949	290	42596086
Primary biliary cholangitis	29.78	12.90	10	24949	316	42596060
Lupus pneumonitis	29.33	12.90	7	24952	60	42596316
Trigemino-cardiac reflex	28.51	12.90	10	24949	361	42596015
Sinus bradycardia	25.28	12.90	37	24922	14816	42581560
Pyrexia	23.57	12.90	135	24824	393907	42202469
Blood pressure increased	22.87	12.90	119	24840	101809	42494567
Proteinuria	22.80	12.90	45	24914	22938	42573438
Death	22.20	12.90	393	24566	470792	42125584
Hypertensive emergency	21.88	12.90	12	24947	1285	42595091
Bradycardia foetal	21.17	12.90	8	24951	358	42596018
Acute respiratory failure	20.96	12.90	60	24899	38798	42557578
Blood glucose decreased	20.78	12.90	33	24926	14186	42582190
Febrile neutropenia	20.76	12.90	49	24910	185654	42410722
Cardiomegaly	20.61	12.90	36	24923	16730	42579646
Histone antibody positive	20.49	12.90	4	24955	11	42596365
Hospitalisation	20.43	12.90	92	24867	74238	42522138
Hepatic function abnormal	20.29	12.90	3	24956	51564	42544812
Respiratory failure	19.99	12.90	136	24823	127996	42468380
Haemoptysis	19.97	12.90	66	24893	46101	42550275
Anencephaly	19.88	12.90	6	24953	133	42596243
Glomerulonephritis proliferative	19.79	12.90	7	24952	259	42596117
Blood creatinine increased	19.76	12.90	121	24838	109882	42486494
Hypertensive crisis	19.70	12.90	27	24932	10179	42586197
Peripheral swelling	19.29	12.90	104	24855	90166	42506210
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	19.28	12.90	51	24908	31497	42564879
Dialysis	19.17	12.90	29	24930	11957	42584419
Full blood count decreased	18.89	12.90	39	24920	20521	42575855
Human ehrlichiosis	18.63	12.90	8	24951	500	42595876
C-reactive protein increased	18.54	12.90	7	24952	63553	42532823
Chest pain	18.26	12.90	142	24817	139388	42456988
Drug ineffective	18.22	12.90	260	24699	629937	41966439
Eosinophilic pleural effusion	18.14	12.90	7	24952	332	42596044
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive	17.77	12.90	17	24942	4348	42592028
Pulmonary embolism	16.41	12.90	28	24931	119584	42476792
Troponin I increased	16.24	12.90	14	24945	3132	42593244
Neutropenia	16.23	12.90	61	24898	199370	42397006
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	16	12.90	105	24854	97621	42498755
Blood pressure abnormal	15.72	12.90	24	24935	9974	42586402
Mucosal inflammation	15.15	12.90	5	24954	49369	42547007
Microsporidia infection	14.99	12.90	9	24950	1143	42595233
Rickets	14.98	12.90	4	24955	56	42596320
Nephrogenic anaemia	14.36	12.90	12	24947	2574	42593802
Musculoskeletal stiffness	14.31	12.90	8	24951	57757	42538619
Hypocomplementaemia	14.20	12.90	4	24955	69	42596307
Off label use	13.98	12.90	277	24682	638058	41958318
Renal disorder	13.96	12.90	43	24916	28937	42567439
Vasculitis necrotising	13.59	12.90	8	24951	980	42595396
Blood potassium increased	13.46	12.90	32	24927	18504	42577872
Azotaemia	13.45	12.90	17	24942	5927	42590449
Faecal volume decreased	13.38	12.90	5	24954	217	42596159
Blood pressure inadequately controlled	13.28	12.90	12	24947	2856	42593520
Burkholderia test positive	13.14	12.90	8	24951	1042	42595334
Withdrawal hypertension	13.10	12.90	5	24954	230	42596146
Cardiac disorder	13.02	12.90	60	24899	48872	42547504
Rash maculo-papular	13.00	12.90	3	24956	37500	42558876
Renal transplant	12.94	12.90	11	24948	2414	42593962

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event term	Likelihood ratio	Likelihood ratio threshold	Patients taking drug having adverse event	Patients taking drug not having adverse event	Patients not taking drug having adverse event	Patients not taking drug not having adverse event
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis	5078.40	12.15	1022	52967	4395	110530915
Glomerulonephritis rapidly progressive	1090.71	12.15	246	53743	1969	110533341
Pulmonary renal syndrome	921.77	12.15	181	53808	660	110534650
Cardiac failure congestive	680.12	12.15	574	53415	150426	110384884
Glomerulonephritis	632.95	12.15	186	53803	4544	110530766
Gastrointestinal tract mucosal pigmentation	581.05	12.15	133	53856	1144	110534166
Lupus-like syndrome	561.69	12.15	310	53679	40482	110494828
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage	556.27	12.15	246	53743	19904	110515406
Acute kidney injury	350.79	12.15	880	53109	634550	109900760
Lupus nephritis	296.23	12.15	104	53885	4541	110530769
Vasculitis	276.00	12.15	188	53801	35685	110499625
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis	188.75	12.15	76	53913	4860	110530450
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody	185.20	12.15	33	53956	58	110535252
Loss of employment	172.47	12.15	64	53925	3280	110532030
Renal vasculitis	155.58	12.15	41	53948	660	110534650
Blood pressure inadequately controlled	153.93	12.15	75	53914	7558	110527752
Premature delivery	153.36	12.15	124	53865	30508	110504802
Chronic kidney disease	137.87	12.15	178	53811	76113	110459197
End stage renal disease	129.37	12.15	97	53892	21376	110513934
Mental status changes	112.35	12.15	161	53828	75961	110459349
Cerebrovascular accident	111.14	12.15	262	53727	181022	110354288
General physical health deterioration	105.36	12.15	38	53951	425257	110110053
Synovitis	100.66	12.15	9	53980	274083	110261227
Pulmonary oedema	100.40	12.15	178	53811	100481	110434829
Lupus pneumonitis	100.12	12.15	21	53968	114	110535196
Rheumatoid arthritis	99.58	12.15	14	53975	299599	110235711
Hyperkalaemia	98.62	12.15	210	53779	135586	110399724
Myocardial infarction	96.13	12.15	257	53732	191826	110343484
Serositis	95.74	12.15	34	53955	1535	110533775
Glomerulonephritis proliferative	95.42	12.15	26	53963	478	110534832
Pulmonary haemorrhage	93.97	12.15	72	53917	16384	110518926
Completed suicide	91.28	12.15	293	53696	242088	110293222
Arthropathy	85.54	12.15	18	53971	287504	110247806
Death	85.12	12.15	608	53381	698261	109837049
Device interaction	84.63	12.15	26	53963	741	110534569
Pericardial effusion	84.40	12.15	121	53868	57096	110478214
Infusion related reaction	83.26	12.15	41	53948	381121	110154189
Treatment failure	81.16	12.15	18	53971	277216	110258094
Glossodynia	79.63	12.15	8	53981	221996	110313314
Psoriatic arthropathy	79.42	12.15	4	53985	196757	110338553
Hepatic steatosis	76.07	12.15	106	53883	48725	110486585
Peritonitis bacterial	75.80	12.15	53	53936	10480	110524830
Body mass index abnormal	75.73	12.15	25	53964	903	110534407
Renal failure	74.75	12.15	262	53727	226312	110308998
Inflammation	74.72	12.15	5	53984	193233	110342077
Joint swelling	74.50	12.15	64	53925	442781	110092529
Hypervolaemia	73.54	12.15	105	53884	49355	110485955
Hypotension	72.81	12.15	471	53518	523378	110011932
Lower respiratory tract infection	72.76	12.15	15	53974	243091	110292219
Respiratory failure	71.03	12.15	249	53740	215083	110320227
Central nervous system lupus	70.16	12.15	26	53963	1327	110533983
Renal impairment	67.49	12.15	224	53765	188221	110347089
Musculoskeletal stiffness	65.94	12.15	27	53962	279795	110255515
Exercise tolerance decreased	64.99	12.15	51	53938	12016	110523294
Alveolitis	64.55	12.15	35	53954	4404	110530906
Fibromyalgia	64.42	12.15	5	53984	170904	110364406
Irritable bowel syndrome	64.23	12.15	4	53985	164211	110371099
Impaired healing	63.48	12.15	10	53979	196707	110338603
Dyspnoea	62.24	12.15	818	53171	1106054	109429256
Cardiac failure	61.90	12.15	217	53772	187409	110347901
Pyrexia	61.81	12.15	228	53761	898037	109637273
Multiple drug therapy	61.61	12.15	42	53947	7972	110527338
BRASH syndrome	61.61	12.15	32	53957	3691	110531619
Blood pressure increased	61.05	12.15	269	53720	258104	110277206
Pre-eclampsia	61.03	12.15	43	53946	8607	110526703
Alopecia	60.99	12.15	53	53936	364700	110170610
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive	60.16	12.15	35	53954	5041	110530269
Hypertension	58.12	12.15	437	53552	509647	110025663
Atrial fibrillation	58.03	12.15	244	53745	229398	110305912
Wound	57.92	12.15	21	53968	234416	110300894
Diabetes mellitus inadequate control	57.77	12.15	72	53917	29703	110505607
Sinusitis	56.10	12.15	38	53951	296650	110238660
Exposure during pregnancy	53.82	12.15	192	53797	167232	110368078
Pericarditis	53.50	12.15	20	53969	219094	110316216
Proteinuria	52.35	12.15	80	53909	39938	110495372
Shock	51.16	12.15	93	53896	53495	110481815
Blood cholesterol increased	50.18	12.15	14	53975	184771	110350539
C-reactive protein increased	49.78	12.15	22	53967	217897	110317413
Drug abuse	49.01	12.15	13	53976	177398	110357912
Pleural effusion	48.99	12.15	194	53795	177515	110357795
Vasculitis necrotising	45.85	12.15	20	53969	1563	110533747
Unresponsive to stimuli	45.53	12.15	98	53891	63692	110471618
Treatment noncompliance	45.24	12.15	106	53883	72884	110462426
Gliosis	45.19	12.15	16	53973	716	110534594
Cardiomegaly	45.01	12.15	63	53926	29067	110506243
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	43.56	12.15	16	53973	177216	110358094
Urticaria	43.54	12.15	55	53934	318802	110216508
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	43.47	12.15	178	53811	165340	110369970
Polyserositis	43.29	12.15	17	53972	1017	110534293
Blood glucose decreased	42.95	12.15	62	53927	29426	110505884
Cardiac tamponade	42.78	12.15	39	53950	11268	110524042
Nasopharyngitis	42.39	12.15	80	53909	394281	110141029
Stomatitis	41.93	12.15	42	53947	270200	110265110
Haemoptysis	41.39	12.15	101	53888	71253	110464057
Sleep disorder	40.93	12.15	23	53966	198621	110336689
Ovarian failure	40.70	12.15	16	53973	960	110534350
Haematuria	40.42	12.15	110	53879	82895	110452415
Lupus vasculitis	40.03	12.15	14	53975	604	110534706
Blood creatinine increased	39.88	12.15	186	53803	182703	110352607
Premature menopause	39.69	12.15	16	53973	1026	110534284
Hospitalisation	39.62	12.15	156	53833	142337	110392973
Gout	39.49	12.15	67	53922	36499	110498811
Hypertensive emergency	39.44	12.15	23	53966	3328	110531982
Dialysis	38.96	12.15	48	53941	19571	110515739
Acute respiratory failure	38.93	12.15	102	53887	75158	110460152
Acute myocardial infarction	38.79	12.15	109	53880	83668	110451642
Renin increased	38.67	12.15	12	53977	354	110534956
Monocytosis	37.82	12.15	18	53971	1722	110533588
Epilepsy	37.57	12.15	3	53986	100206	110435104
Joint range of motion decreased	37.53	12.15	7	53982	121825	110413485
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	37.15	12.15	82	53907	54202	110481108
Swelling	37.03	12.15	72	53917	350969	110184341
Suspected suicide	36.52	12.15	41	53948	15158	110520152
Osteoarthritis	36.41	12.15	22	53967	182601	110352709
Discomfort	36.10	12.15	31	53958	214676	110320634
Generalised oedema	35.49	12.15	58	53931	30646	110504664
Oedema peripheral	35.38	12.15	278	53711	328382	110206928
Pouchitis	35.17	12.15	16	53973	1381	110533929
Pleuropericarditis	35.16	12.15	13	53976	659	110534651
Cardiac arrest	35.06	12.15	189	53800	196564	110338746
Myelosuppression	34.88	12.15	3	53986	94337	110440973
Vaccination site pain	34.10	12.15	12	53977	527	110534783
Left ventricle outflow tract obstruction	34.02	12.15	12	53977	531	110534779
Condition aggravated	33.86	12.15	215	53774	734621	109800689
Norepinephrine increased	33.51	12.15	8	53981	84	110535226
Therapeutic product effect incomplete	33.34	12.15	36	53953	223769	110311541
Ventricular asystole	32.78	12.15	11	53978	418	110534892
Ill-defined disorder	32.54	12.15	18	53971	156835	110378475
Pain	32.46	12.15	304	53685	954651	109580659
Hypoxia	32.21	12.15	137	53852	129378	110405932
Cutaneous vasculitis	31.72	12.15	35	53954	12694	110522616
Premature labour	31.55	12.15	30	53959	9142	110526168
Nephritic syndrome	30.96	12.15	11	53978	497	110534813
Lethargy	30.64	12.15	108	53881	93468	110441842
Endometritis	30.49	12.15	13	53976	961	110534349
Liver injury	30.15	12.15	18	53971	150395	110384915
Migraine	29.82	12.15	24	53965	171628	110363682
Ulcerative keratitis	29.76	12.15	22	53967	4744	110530566
Hypertensive crisis	29.48	12.15	47	53942	24325	110510985
Gastric disorder	29.47	12.15	56	53933	33301	110502009
Blister	29.21	12.15	41	53948	227335	110307975
Exposure to SARS-CoV-2	29.08	12.15	18	53971	2901	110532409
Lung disorder	29.06	12.15	27	53962	180020	110355290
Dry mouth	28.86	12.15	33	53956	199915	110335395
Hypertensive urgency	28.34	12.15	13	53976	1144	110534166
Trigemino-cardiac reflex	27.96	12.15	10	53979	461	110534849
Suicidal ideation	27.67	12.15	6	53983	93931	110441379
Azotaemia	27.35	12.15	29	53960	10056	110525254
Product use in unapproved indication	27.24	12.15	119	53870	447258	110088052
Dermatitis bullous	27.22	12.15	38	53951	17491	110517819
Pulmonary fibrosis	27.20	12.15	8	53981	102034	110433276
Dyspepsia	27.05	12.15	32	53957	190933	110344377
Orthopnoea	26.94	12.15	30	53959	10991	110524319
Proctectomy	26.90	12.15	9	53980	339	110534971
Metabolic encephalopathy	26.85	12.15	30	53959	11030	110524280
Neutropenia	26.40	12.15	94	53895	374526	110160784
Lipoma	26.38	12.15	19	53970	3936	110531374
Eclampsia	26.31	12.15	9	53980	363	110534947
Antiphospholipid syndrome	26.26	12.15	16	53973	2507	110532803
Nephrogenic anaemia	26.07	12.15	20	53969	4557	110530753
Musculoskeletal pain	25.57	12.15	31	53958	182992	110352318
Renal disorder	25.53	12.15	67	53922	49412	110485898
Clostridium test positive	25.51	12.15	29	53960	10864	110524446
Coronary artery disease	25.45	12.15	85	53904	71605	110463705
Stillbirth	25.10	12.15	19	53970	4245	110531065
Hypercholesterolaemia	24.44	12.15	7	53982	90830	110444480
Subdural haematoma	23.75	12.15	54	53935	36400	110498910
Ventricular hyperkinesia	23.62	12.15	8	53981	313	110534997
Glomerular filtration rate decreased	23.61	12.15	47	53942	28909	110506401
Haemorrhagic transformation stroke	23.55	12.15	16	53973	3021	110532289
Peripheral venous disease	23.54	12.15	6	53983	84111	110451199
Intentional product use issue	23.49	12.15	54	53935	247852	110287458
Sinus bradycardia	23.02	12.15	47	53942	29436	110505874
Somatic symptom disorder	22.97	12.15	16	53973	3143	110532167
Nephritis	22.92	12.15	21	53968	6105	110529205
Acidosis	22.65	12.15	40	53949	22491	110512819
Pulseless electrical activity	22.62	12.15	34	53955	16723	110518587
Hepatic enzyme increased	22.28	12.15	81	53908	320811	110214499
Chest pain	21.78	12.15	280	53709	376095	110159215
Angioedema	21.33	12.15	100	53889	98400	110436910
Febrile neutropenia	21.31	12.15	81	53908	316686	110218624
Small for dates baby	21.27	12.15	9	53980	653	110534657
Hypoglycaemia	20.99	12.15	112	53877	115992	110419318
Obesity	20.77	12.15	15	53974	113336	110421974
Hepatitis	20.70	12.15	9	53980	90045	110445265
Neoplasm skin	20.48	12.15	15	53974	3189	110532121
Blood potassium increased	20.28	12.15	48	53941	33201	110502109
Mitral valve incompetence	20.21	12.15	48	53941	33281	110502029
Anaemia	20.14	12.15	377	53612	546709	109988601
Pernicious anaemia	19.91	12.15	9	53980	765	110534545
Vascular hyalinosis	19.66	12.15	6	53983	167	110535143
C3 glomerulopathy	19.53	12.15	6	53983	171	110535139
Ileostomy	19.50	12.15	13	53976	2379	110532931
Pathergy reaction	19.49	12.15	5	53984	72	110535238
Hypocomplementaemia	19.42	12.15	7	53982	330	110534980
Wheezing	19.36	12.15	62	53927	255168	110280142
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased	19.35	12.15	7	53982	78295	110457015
Psoriasis	19.25	12.15	24	53965	139969	110395341
Cardiac disorder	19.20	12.15	81	53908	76199	110459111
Drug intolerance	19.17	12.15	118	53871	406394	110128916
Umbilical cord vascular disorder	19.03	12.15	4	53985	22	110535288
Injury	18.99	12.15	36	53953	177229	110358081
Peripartum cardiomyopathy	18.93	12.15	6	53983	190	110535120
Maternal exposure during pregnancy	18.92	12.15	199	53790	254684	110280626
Depressed mood	18.90	12.15	69	53920	60740	110474570
Hypertensive encephalopathy	18.87	12.15	10	53979	1201	110534109
Haemoglobin decreased	18.85	12.15	195	53794	248532	110286778
Hypermagnesaemia	18.73	12.15	11	53978	1612	110533698
Ileostomy closure	18.73	12.15	7	53982	366	110534944
Cough	18.71	12.15	323	53666	461318	110073992
Bradycardia	18.66	12.15	135	53854	155382	110379928
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome	18.65	12.15	47	53942	33814	110501496
Transient ischaemic attack	18.55	12.15	71	53918	63911	110471399
Night sweats	18.39	12.15	23	53966	133960	110401350
Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage	18.04	12.15	21	53968	8072	110527238
Depression	17.76	12.15	87	53902	317248	110218062
Foreign body sensation in eyes	17.76	12.15	14	53975	3320	110531990
Venous thrombosis limb	17.69	12.15	17	53972	5248	110530062
Plasma cell myeloma	17.56	12.15	69	53920	62867	110472443
Antinuclear antibody	17.48	12.15	7	53982	441	110534869
Road traffic accident	17.45	12.15	16	53973	107382	110427928
Human ehrlichiosis	17.41	12.15	8	53981	707	110534603
Vulvovaginal mycotic infection	17.39	12.15	17	53972	5360	110529950
Primary biliary cholangitis	17.26	12.15	10	53979	1429	110533881
Kidney transplant rejection	17.16	12.15	25	53964	11962	110523348
Urine output decreased	17.10	12.15	33	53956	19843	110515467
Premature baby	16.93	12.15	16	53973	4839	110530471
Hyphaema	16.86	12.15	9	53980	1098	110534212
Prescribed overdose	16.83	12.15	11	53978	87570	110447740
Primary hyperaldosteronism	16.83	12.15	6	53983	274	110535036
Blood urea increased	16.77	12.15	62	53927	54895	110480415
Foetal growth restriction	16.66	12.15	13	53976	3037	110532273
Lower urinary tract symptoms	16.66	12.15	7	53982	499	110534811
Blood pressure abnormal	16.63	12.15	35	53954	22389	110512921
Pulmonary hypertension	16.61	12.15	62	53927	55158	110480152
Microscopic polyangiitis	16.56	12.15	7	53982	506	110534804
Hyperplasia adrenal	16.50	12.15	4	53985	45	110535265
Throat clearing	16.50	12.15	15	53974	4318	110530992
Nail disorder	16.47	12.15	4	53985	57931	110477379
Eosinophilic pleural effusion	16.37	12.15	7	53982	521	110534789
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms	16.20	12.15	10	53979	82085	110453225
Jugular vein distension	16.19	12.15	10	53979	1606	110533704
Wound infection	16.12	12.15	14	53975	96451	110438859
Cardiac failure acute	16.05	12.15	36	53953	24042	110511268
Injection site reaction	16.04	12.15	12	53977	89058	110446252
HELLP syndrome	15.86	12.15	8	53981	868	110534442
Contusion	15.84	12.15	179	53810	233182	110302128
Malignant neoplasm progression	15.76	12.15	39	53950	174528	110360782
Histone antibody positive	15.55	12.15	5	53984	166	110535144
Respiratory rate decreased	15.24	12.15	17	53972	6241	110529069
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	15.10	12.15	14	53975	4131	110531179
Hepatic function abnormal	14.87	12.15	13	53976	89282	110446028
Product dose omission issue	14.83	12.15	230	53759	321552	110213758
Haemodialysis	14.74	12.15	29	53960	17690	110517620
Microsporidia infection	14.66	12.15	9	53980	1430	110533880
Hypertensive nephropathy	14.58	12.15	8	53981	1030	110534280
Urinary tract infection	14.57	12.15	232	53757	326050	110209260
Cholestatic liver injury	14.57	12.15	18	53971	7358	110527952
Foot deformity	14.48	12.15	3	53986	48477	110486833
Methaemoglobinaemia	14.42	12.15	20	53969	9148	110526162
Urinary incontinence	14.15	12.15	54	53935	48533	110486777
Back injury	14.02	12.15	3	53986	47396	110487914
Cholestasis	13.98	12.15	7	53982	64511	110470799
Urine protein/creatinine ratio increased	13.92	12.15	9	53980	1564	110533746
Hip arthroplasty	13.78	12.15	5	53984	55808	110479502
Paraesthesia	13.70	12.15	79	53910	276442	110258868
Hepatic cirrhosis	13.68	12.15	8	53981	67618	110467692
Ventilation perfusion mismatch	13.62	12.15	7	53982	790	110534520
Troponin I increased	13.60	12.15	15	53974	5437	110529873
Cognitive disorder	13.55	12.15	81	53908	87430	110447880
Memory impairment	13.47	12.15	50	53939	196894	110338416
Coma	13.46	12.15	23	53966	117846	110417464
Phaeochromocytoma crisis	13.30	12.15	6	53983	508	110534802
Gastric ileus	13.30	12.15	3	53986	24	110535286
Autoimmune hepatitis	13.26	12.15	25	53964	14779	110520531
Phaeochromocytoma	13.23	12.15	7	53982	838	110534472
Catheter site abscess	13.17	12.15	5	53984	273	110535037
Full blood count decreased	13.16	12.15	40	53949	32059	110503251
Eye inflammation	12.94	12.15	19	53970	9152	110526158
Chronic left ventricular failure	12.93	12.15	8	53981	1288	110534022
Peritonitis	12.78	12.15	40	53949	32567	110502743
Prescribed underdose	12.78	12.15	8	53981	65166	110470144
Multiple injuries	12.77	12.15	12	53977	3602	110531708
Renal aneurysm	12.77	12.15	5	53984	297	110535013
Intestinal anastomosis	12.53	12.15	7	53982	934	110534376
Periumbilical abscess	12.52	12.15	5	53984	313	110534997
Lower limb fracture	12.51	12.15	11	53978	75337	110459973
Renal artery stenosis	12.46	12.15	12	53977	3714	110531596
Respiratory tract infection	12.45	12.15	10	53979	71607	110463703
Vomiting	12.44	12.15	344	53645	910331	109624979
Incorrect route of product administration	12.37	12.15	8	53981	64053	110471257
Medication error	12.37	12.15	91	53898	105275	110430035
Subcapsular renal haematoma	12.36	12.15	7	53982	959	110534351
Postoperative hypertension	12.28	12.15	3	53986	35	110535275
Parathyroid scan abnormal	12.20	12.15	3	53986	36	110535274
Essential hypertension	12.17	12.15	17	53972	7830	110527480

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

Source	Code	Description
ATC	C02DB02	CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ANTIHYPERTENSIVES ARTERIOLAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, AGENTS ACTING ON Hydrazinophthalazine derivatives
ATC	C02LG02	CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ANTIHYPERTENSIVES ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AND DIURETICS IN COMBINATION Hydrazinophthalazine derivatives and diuretics
FDA PE	N0000175379	Arteriolar Vasodilation
FDA EPC	N0000175564	Arteriolar Vasodilator
MeSH PA	D000959	Antihypertensive Agents
MeSH PA	D002317	Cardiovascular Agents
MeSH PA	D014665	Vasodilator Agents
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35526	hypoglycemic agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35554	cardiovascular drug
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35610	antineoplastic agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35620	vasodilator agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:35674	antihypertensive agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:145947	antiatherosclerotic agent
CHEBI has role	CHEBI:66981	ophthalmology drug

Related Drugs by ATC class:

C02DB Hydrazinophthalazine derivatives 3 drugs

cadralazine dihydralazine endralazine

C02LG Hydrazinophthalazine derivatives and diuretics 2 drugs

dihydralazine picodralazine

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

Disease	Relation	SNOMED_ID	DOID
Hypertensive disorder	indication	38341003	DOID:10763
Chronic heart failure	indication	48447003
Anuria	contraindication	2472002	DOID:2983
Suicidal thoughts	contraindication	6471006
Peptic ulcer	contraindication	13200003	DOID:750
Hypercholesterolemia	contraindication	13644009
Chronic disease of respiratory system	contraindication	17097001
Secondary angle-closure glaucoma	contraindication	21571006
Myocardial infarction	contraindication	22298006	DOID:5844
Electroconvulsive therapy	contraindication	23835007
Hypovolemia	contraindication	28560003
Dehydration	contraindication	34095006
Hyperthyroidism	contraindication	34486009	DOID:7998
Depressive disorder	contraindication	35489007
Hyperuricemia	contraindication	35885006	DOID:1920
Hypokalemia	contraindication	43339004
Conduction disorder of the heart	contraindication	44808001
Low blood pressure	contraindication	45007003
Systemic lupus erythematosus	contraindication	55464009	DOID:9074
Sympathectomy	contraindication	57071006
Ulcerative colitis	contraindication	64766004	DOID:8577
Hypercalcemia	contraindication	66931009	DOID:12678
Hyperparathyroidism	contraindication	66999008	DOID:13543
Benign intracranial hypertension	contraindication	68267002	DOID:11459
Hypochloremic alkalosis	contraindication	70134007
Hepatic coma	contraindication	72836002	DOID:12550
Diabetes mellitus	contraindication	73211009	DOID:9351
Injury of head	contraindication	82271004
Epilepsy	contraindication	84757009	DOID:1826
Hyponatremia	contraindication	89627008
Gout	contraindication	90560007	DOID:13189
Kidney disease	contraindication	90708001	DOID:557
Increased intestinal motility	contraindication	102624003
Hypomagnesemia	contraindication	190855004
Acute pancreatitis	contraindication	197456007	DOID:2913
Cerebrovascular accident	contraindication	230690007
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	contraindication	233873004	DOID:11984
Lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme-like syndrome	contraindication	238926009
Calculus in biliary tract	contraindication	266474003
Anemia	contraindication	271737000	DOID:2355
Cerebral hemorrhage	contraindication	274100004
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia	contraindication	281610001
Disorder of coronary artery	contraindication	414024009
Myocardial infarction in recovery phase	contraindication	418044006
Slow acetylator due to N-acetyltransferase enzyme variant	contraindication	425079005
Azotemia	contraindication	445009001
Malabsorption States	contraindication

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

None

🐶 Veterinary products

None

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation level	Dissociation constant	Type (acidic/basic)
pKa1	6.81	Basic
pKa2	3.26	Basic
pKa3	2.62	Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

Target	Class	Pharos	UniProt	Action	Type	Activity value (-log[M])	Bioact source	MoA source
Ryanodine receptor 2	Ion channel	Q92736	RYR2_HUMAN	BLOCKER			SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	Ion channel	Q13936	CAC1C_HUMAN				WOMBAT-PK
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1	Enzyme	P26358	DNMT1_HUMAN				WOMBAT-PK
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A	Enzyme	Q9Y6K1	DNM3A_HUMAN				WOMBAT-PK
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B	Enzyme	Q9UBC3	DNM3B_HUMAN				WOMBAT-PK
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic	Enzyme	P17174	AATC_HUMAN		Ki	4.83	CHEMBL
Myeloperoxidase	Enzyme	P05164	PERM_HUMAN		IC50	6.05	CHEMBL
Aldehyde oxidase	Enzyme	Q06278	AOXA_HUMAN		IC50	5.41	CHEMBL
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1	Enzyme	Q15067	ACOX1_HUMAN		IC50	6.38	CHEMBL
Acetylcholinesterase	Enzyme		ACES_ELEEL		Ki	5.15	CHEMBL
Cholinesterase	Enzyme		CHLE_HORSE		Ki	5.72	CHEMBL
Lactoperoxidase	Enzyme		PERL_BOVIN		IC50	5.92	CHEMBL
Ryanodine receptor 2	Ion channel		RYR2_RAT		IC50	7.15	SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Enzyme		LOX15_RABIT		IC50	5.44	DRUG MATRIX

External reference:

ID	Source
4019778	VUID
N0000147869	NUI
D01302	KEGG_DRUG
304-20-1	SECONDARY_CAS_RN
4017880	VANDF
4019778	VANDF
C0020223	UMLSCUI
CHEBI:5775	CHEBI
HLZ	PDB_CHEM_ID
CHEMBL276832	ChEMBL_ID
DB01275	DRUGBANK_ID
CHEMBL542541	ChEMBL_ID
D006830	MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
3637	PUBCHEM_CID
1	INN_ID
7326	IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
26NAK24LS8	UNII
5470	RXNORM
4833	MMSL
896	MMSL
d00132	MMSL
000632	NDDF
004489	NDDF
22696000	SNOMEDCT_US
28662003	SNOMEDCT_US
387125005	SNOMEDCT_US
26NAK24LS8	INXIGHT DRUGS

Pharmaceutical products:

Product	Category	Ingredients	NDC	Form	Quantity	Route	Marketing	Label
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0404-9787	INJECTION	20 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0517-0901	INJECTION, SOLUTION	20 mg	INTRAMUSCULAR	ANDA	19 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0615-7973	TABLET	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	9 sections
HydrALAZINE hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0641-6231	INJECTION, SOLUTION	20 mg	INTRAMUSCULAR	ANDA	18 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-7447	TABLET	10 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-7448	TABLET	25 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-7449	TABLET	50 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	0904-7450	TABLET	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	17478-934	INJECTION	20 mg	INTRAVENOUS	ANDA	19 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	21695-679	TABLET	10 mg	ORAL	ANDA	11 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	21695-680	TABLET	25 mg	ORAL	ANDA	11 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	21695-694	TABLET	50 mg	ORAL	ANDA	11 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	21695-695	TABLET	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	11 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-001	TABLET, FILM COATED	10 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-002	TABLET, FILM COATED	25 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-003	TABLET, FILM COATED	50 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-004	TABLET, FILM COATED	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-832	TABLET	10 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-833	TABLET	25 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-834	TABLET	50 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	23155-835	TABLET	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	12 sections
BiDil	Human Prescription Drug Label	2	24338-010	TABLET, FILM COATED	37.50 mg	ORAL	NDA	29 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	31722-519	TABLET	10 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	31722-520	TABLET	25 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	31722-521	TABLET	50 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL	1	31722-522	TABLET	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	19 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	Human Prescription Drug Label	1	33342-374	TABLET	10 mg	ORAL	ANDA	21 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	Human Prescription Drug Label	1	33342-375	TABLET	25 mg	ORAL	ANDA	21 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	Human Prescription Drug Label	1	33342-376	TABLET	50 mg	ORAL	ANDA	21 sections
Hydralazine Hydrochloride	Human Prescription Drug Label	1	33342-377	TABLET	100 mg	ORAL	ANDA	21 sections

Ask DrugCentral

Your question

DrugCentral answer

About Ask DrugCentral

General architecture

Using the assistant

hydralazine 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Description:

Drug dosage:

ADMET properties:

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

Approvals:

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

Pharmacologic Action:

Related Drugs by ATC class:

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

🐶 Veterinary products

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

Bioactivity Summary:

External reference:

Pharmaceutical products: