Drug results: 20
| chloroquine | The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses. In March 2020, FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-10. EUA was revoked in June 2020. Data from various published randomized, controlled clinical trials and retrospective, cohort studies have not substantiated initial reports of efficacy of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials for treatment of COVID-19. |
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| quinine | An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. |
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| artemether | An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA. |
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| sulfadoxine | A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections. |
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| mefloquine | A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects. |
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| pyrimethamine | One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. |
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| primaquine | An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404) |
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| verapamil | A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. |
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| chlorphenamine | A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE. |
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| promethazine | A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals. |
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| saquinavir | An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. |
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| tetracycline | A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis. |
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| clindamycin phosphate |
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| amphotericin B | Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela. |
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| clindamycin | An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN. |
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| doxycycline | A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. |
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| fusidic acid | An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis. |
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| piperaquine | The exact mechanism of action of piperaquine is unknown, but it likely mirrors that of chloroquine, a close structural analogue. Chloroquine binds to toxic haeme (derived from the patient’s haemoglobin) within the malaria parasite, preventing its detoxification via a polymerisation step. |
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| mepacrine | An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. |
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| hydroxychloroquine | A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). In March 2020, FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-10. EUA was revoked in June 2020. Data from various published randomized, controlled clinical trials and retrospective, cohort studies have not substantiated initial reports of efficacy of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials for treatment of COVID-19. |
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